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The MUR1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes an isoform of GDP
The MUR1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes an isoform of GDP

... NcoI and PstI sites engineered into the upper primer and an EcoRV site engineered into the lower primer. PCR was performed using a model 2400 Gene Amp PCR System and PCR Core Reagents (Perkin–Elmer) with the following conditions: denaturation at 948C for 10 min, cooling to 208C, and addition of reac ...
17.2 McClintock Found That Chromosomes of Corn
17.2 McClintock Found That Chromosomes of Corn

... movement of the Ds locus out of its original location may occasionally cause a chromosome to break, and the distal part of this chromosome is lost. This chromosome breakage may happen in several cells, which continue to divide and grow as the kernel becomes larger. This process produces a sectoring ...
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences

... KC111203). The deduced NtERF1-1 protein had an estimated molecular mass of 24.58 kDa and contained an AP2 domain (figure 2). The results showed that the NtERF1-1 gene was a member of AP2/ERF transcription factor family. Also, a prediction of the NtERF1-1 protein structure demonstrated that mean isoe ...
File
File

... recessive phenotype (t). Lola returns to Atlanta with her four-year old daughter, and is bringing child support charges against her old boyfriend Herman. Lola claims Herman is the father of the child. Herman claims that he is not the perpetrator and denies his fatherhood of the child. Lola is a non- ...
Hemophilia B (F9) Sequencing and Deletion/Duplication
Hemophilia B (F9) Sequencing and Deletion/Duplication

... o Lower activity levels correspond with earlier age of diagnosis and higher frequency of bleeding episodes • First-line testing in most individuals is not molecular o Molecular genetic testing may be helpful in predicting clinical phenotype and risk of developing a factor IX inhibitor • Carrier test ...
classification
classification

... in a non-wild-type background, although we prefer to use it only when all mutations are documented. When redundant copies of a gene must all be mutated to see an informative phenotype, use the IGI code. (Yes, this implies some organisms, such as mouse, will have far, far more IGI than IMP annotation ...
Anterior pituitary hormones
Anterior pituitary hormones

... • Pulse amplitude rather than frequency determines circadian rhythm ...
Deteksi Mutasi Gen Gyrase A Porphyromonas Gingivalis Resisten
Deteksi Mutasi Gen Gyrase A Porphyromonas Gingivalis Resisten

... 1Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University 2Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Immunology Laboratory, Facculty of Mediciene, Hasanuddin University, Makassar ...
Complementation
Complementation

... Haploid and diploid organisms  If a gene is mutated in a haploid organism, the effect will be seen immediately as a mutant phenotype.  In a diploid organism, this may not happen because the unmutated (wild type) copy of the gene will be dominant over the mutated one. ...
aidong - Data Systems Group
aidong - Data Systems Group

... as a cluster, and organizes the cluster structure of a data set into a hierarchical tree. caculate the density of each data object based on its neighboring data distribution. construct the "attraction" relationship between data objects according to object density. organize the attraction relation ...
Constructing A Human Lab
Constructing A Human Lab

... 24. What determines the traits your baby has?_______________________ 25. What determines traits in real life?______________________________ 26. Is this lab an example of asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction?________________ ...
Lab # 6
Lab # 6

... breeders have bred Siamese cats to be extremely thin with wedge-shaped heads and Persians to be rounder (cobbier) with large heads and small almost non-existent noses. If you look at pictures of Siamese cats or Persian cats from 100 years ago their shape is quite similar with none of the extreme bod ...
Relating genes to function: identifying enriched transcription factors
Relating genes to function: identifying enriched transcription factors

... database of official, unified peak calls from 708 ENCODE ChIPSeq non-histone and non-control experiments, encompassing 220 transcription factor and treatment combinations across 91 cell types. We first represent each called peak by the genomic position of its apex to minimize the effect of broader p ...
Transgenic and gene disruption techniques from a concept to a tool
Transgenic and gene disruption techniques from a concept to a tool

... after that age. Each superovulated female is placed individually with a stud and is checked for the copulation plug the next morning. If a stud fails to plug a superovulated female several times in a row, or if his plugging average is less than 60-80Vo, he should be replaced. Because the sperm count ...
Lab #2
Lab #2

... WMW and K-S test caveats • Neither tests is as sensitive as the T-test, ie they require more data points to detect the same amount of difference, so use the T-test whenever it is valid. • K-S test and WMW can give you different answers: K-S detects difference of distributions, WMW detects differenc ...
Cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis

... Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive disorder among Caucasians of Northern European descent, but can be found in all ethnic groups with varying frequency. CF is characterized by production of thick mucous that clogs respiratory airways. The mucous provides a breeding ground fo ...
EAWAG news 56e: Genomic Islands and Horizontal Gene Transfer
EAWAG news 56e: Genomic Islands and Horizontal Gene Transfer

... happening to the chromosomal DNA. Or is it? Bacterial chromosomes are now known to harbor what is called “genomic islands”, regions which can cut themselves out of the chromosome, in some cases travel to other bacterial cells and reinsert into the recipient’s chromosome. Their function? Very often, ...
Gene Section PTPN1 (protein tyrosine phosphatase, non- receptor type 1)
Gene Section PTPN1 (protein tyrosine phosphatase, non- receptor type 1)

... Tyr398, thus blocking its association with the Ras GTPase-activating protein p120 RasGAP, the Ras inhibitor (Dubé et al., 2004; Mertins et al., 2008). PTP1B is also described as a positive regulator of human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell line proliferation. Also in this case, PTP1B exerts a pos ...
Powerpoint - Blood Journal
Powerpoint - Blood Journal

... Mouse and human ferritin H genes.In the murine gene, regulatory regions reside between 4 kb and 5 kb distal to the transcriptional start site; in the human gene, regulatory regions are just 5′ of the TATA box. ...
Subfunctionalization: How often does it occur? How long does it take?
Subfunctionalization: How often does it occur? How long does it take?

... in the two copies lead to preservation of the duplicate copies. To explain this, consider a gene with two different functions controlled by different regulatory elements. If after duplication the first function is lost in the first gene and the second function lost in the second gene, then both genes ...
Novel single nucleotide polymorphisms of GnRHR
Novel single nucleotide polymorphisms of GnRHR

... (mammal GnRH) and GnRH-II (chicken GnRH II). Both forms and their common receptor are expressed, apart from the hypothalamus, in various compartments of the human ovary. Gonadal steroids, gonadotropins, and GnRH itself controls the regulation of the GnRH/GnRHR system gene expression in the human ova ...
Shannon Looney – Schizophrenia and Bipolar
Shannon Looney – Schizophrenia and Bipolar

... Further research involving shared genetic characteristics of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder includes the study by Lyudmila Georgieva and colleagues1 regarding Neuregulin 1 (NRG1), which was previously identified as a susceptibility gene for psychiatric disorders. The researchers performed statis ...
Nyholt and colleagues provided compelling evidence for the
Nyholt and colleagues provided compelling evidence for the

Identification, molecular characterization, and tissue
Identification, molecular characterization, and tissue

... Previous studies in cattle and goat have suggested that PTHrP was synthesized in alveolar epithelial cells of lactating mammary glands and subsequently entered milk and the maternal circulation, where it participated in regulating local calcium homeostasis and lactogenesis of the mammary gland (Ratc ...
Mouse mutants and phenotypes - Case Transgenic And Targeting
Mouse mutants and phenotypes - Case Transgenic And Targeting

... premier animal model in biomedical research. The classical forward genetics approach starts with a mouse phenotype that resembles a human disease and determines the mutations that cause the phenotype. Reverse genetics creates specific mutations, characterizes the resulting phenotypes and correlates t ...
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Gene nomenclature

Gene nomenclature is the scientific naming of genes, the units of heredity in living organisms. An international committee published recommendations for genetic symbols and nomenclature in 1957. The need to develop formal guidelines for human gene names and symbols was recognized in the 1960s and full guidelines were issued in 1979 (Edinburgh Human Genome Meeting). Several other species-specific research communities (e.g., Drosophila, mouse) have adopted nomenclature standards, as well, and have published them on the relevant model organism websites and in scientific journals, including the Trends in Genetics Genetic Nomenclature Guide. Scientists familiar with a particular gene family may work together to revise the nomenclature for the entire set of genes when new information becomes available. For many genes and their corresponding proteins, an assortment of alternate names is in use across the scientific literature and public biological databases, posing a challenge to effective organization and exchange of biological information. Standardization of nomenclature thus tries to achieve the benefits of vocabulary control and bibliographic control, although adherence is voluntary. The advent of the information age has brought gene ontology, which in some ways is a next step of gene nomenclature, because it aims to unify the representation of gene and gene product attributes across all species.Gene nomenclature and protein nomenclature are not separate endeavors; they are aspects of the same whole. Any name or symbol used for a protein can potentially also be used for the gene that encodes it, and vice versa. But owing to the nature of how science has developed (with knowledge being uncovered bit by bit over decades), proteins and their corresponding genes have not always been discovered simultaneously (and not always physiologically understood when discovered), which is the largest reason why protein and gene names do not always match, or why scientists tend to favor one symbol or name for the protein and another for the gene. Another reason is that many of the mechanisms of life are the same or very similar across species, genera, orders, and phyla, so that a given protein may be produced in many kinds of organisms; and thus scientists naturally often use the same symbol and name for a given protein in one species (for example, mice) as in another species (for example, humans). Regarding the first duality (same symbol and name for gene or protein), the context usually makes the sense clear to scientific readers, and the nomenclatural systems also provide for some specificity by using italic for a symbol when the gene is meant and plain (roman) for when the protein is meant. Regarding the second duality (a given protein is endogenous in many kinds of organisms), the nomenclatural systems also provide for at least human-versus-nonhuman specificity by using different capitalization, although scientists often ignore this distinction, given that it is often biologically irrelevant.Also owing to the nature of how scientific knowledge has unfolded, proteins and their corresponding genes often have several names and symbols that are synonymous. Some of the earlier ones may be deprecated in favor of newer ones, although such deprecation is voluntary. Some older names and symbols live on simply because they have been widely used in the scientific literature (including before the newer ones were coined) and are well established among users.
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