The Gulf of St. Lawrence: A Unique Ecosystem
... probable sources (i.e. industrial plants). The most abundant contaminants appear to be PCBs and other organochlorine pesticides because they do not easily biodegrade. It is interesting that although the production and use of most of these compounds has been prohibited for several decades they are st ...
... probable sources (i.e. industrial plants). The most abundant contaminants appear to be PCBs and other organochlorine pesticides because they do not easily biodegrade. It is interesting that although the production and use of most of these compounds has been prohibited for several decades they are st ...
Status and trends of, and threats to, deep seabed genetic
... The present document has been written in response to paragraph 54 of decision VII/5. It presents information on the methods for the identification, assessment and monitoring of genetic resources in the deep seabed beyond the limits of national jurisdiction; compiles and synthesizes information on th ...
... The present document has been written in response to paragraph 54 of decision VII/5. It presents information on the methods for the identification, assessment and monitoring of genetic resources in the deep seabed beyond the limits of national jurisdiction; compiles and synthesizes information on th ...
Past and present natural methane seepage on the northern
... methane. Sedimentological investigations and radiocarbon dating were used to establish approximate sedimentation rates, and combined with organic carbon content resulted in estimates of organic matter burial at each site. Chemical and isotope composition of the organic matter helped to differentiate ...
... methane. Sedimentological investigations and radiocarbon dating were used to establish approximate sedimentation rates, and combined with organic carbon content resulted in estimates of organic matter burial at each site. Chemical and isotope composition of the organic matter helped to differentiate ...
Oceanography Chapter 12
... Smallest and largest particles behave similarly with respect to transportation and erosion. Sand in the middle of the graph takes the least amount of energy to erode. Larger particles require more energy to erode because they’re heavy. It takes a stronger current to lift them off the bottom. ...
... Smallest and largest particles behave similarly with respect to transportation and erosion. Sand in the middle of the graph takes the least amount of energy to erode. Larger particles require more energy to erode because they’re heavy. It takes a stronger current to lift them off the bottom. ...
Underwater Domains in Yellowstone Lake Hydrothermal Vent
... Early life certainly was microbial, at least tolerant of high temperatures, and predominantly made use of chemical energy for metabolic needs. At present, the highest temperatures for growth range to 113°C (Stetter 1999) and the isolated organisms are involved in methane and sulfur transformations. ...
... Early life certainly was microbial, at least tolerant of high temperatures, and predominantly made use of chemical energy for metabolic needs. At present, the highest temperatures for growth range to 113°C (Stetter 1999) and the isolated organisms are involved in methane and sulfur transformations. ...
Sulphur Emission and Transformations at Deep Sea Hydrothermal
... The conditions for the reaction of emitted hydrothermal fluid with oxygenated seawater are distinctly different for the hot and warm vents. The forceful dispersion of hydrothermal fluid from black smokers distributes particulate polymetal sulphides over a wide area. Most of the particles are in the ...
... The conditions for the reaction of emitted hydrothermal fluid with oxygenated seawater are distinctly different for the hot and warm vents. The forceful dispersion of hydrothermal fluid from black smokers distributes particulate polymetal sulphides over a wide area. Most of the particles are in the ...
Issue 2 - INDEEP
... changes triggered by ongoing greenhouse gas emissions could cascade through marine habitats and organisms, eventually influencing humans. Our results suggest that the entire world’s ocean surface will be simultaneously impacted by varying intensities of ocean warming, acidification, oxygen depletion ...
... changes triggered by ongoing greenhouse gas emissions could cascade through marine habitats and organisms, eventually influencing humans. Our results suggest that the entire world’s ocean surface will be simultaneously impacted by varying intensities of ocean warming, acidification, oxygen depletion ...
Modeling of methane flows in the atmosphere resulting from seabed
... sources, which include deposits of gas hydrates, hydrothermal midocean ridge (MOR) systems, fluid seeps, gas vents, mud volcanoes, etc. [1]. The submarine fluid venting has been studied since the twentieth century, [3]. Many approaches have been undertaken to study the methane ...
... sources, which include deposits of gas hydrates, hydrothermal midocean ridge (MOR) systems, fluid seeps, gas vents, mud volcanoes, etc. [1]. The submarine fluid venting has been studied since the twentieth century, [3]. Many approaches have been undertaken to study the methane ...
Hydrothermal circulation in oceanic crust
... • Particles around the vents may be dispersed by currents – Widely dispersed particles are mostly oxides and hydroxide of iron and manganese • Precipitated when dissolved Fe++ and Mn ++ from the hydrothermal solutions are oxidized on mixing the seawater ...
... • Particles around the vents may be dispersed by currents – Widely dispersed particles are mostly oxides and hydroxide of iron and manganese • Precipitated when dissolved Fe++ and Mn ++ from the hydrothermal solutions are oxidized on mixing the seawater ...
Reader Chapter 2 In chapter 2 and 3 you can read more about the
... Archipelagic apron – a gentle slope with a smooth surface on the seafloor Bank – an elevation of the seafloor located on a shelf Basin – a depression of variable extent, generally in a circular or oval form Borderland – a region adjacent to a continent that is highly irregular with depths in excess ...
... Archipelagic apron – a gentle slope with a smooth surface on the seafloor Bank – an elevation of the seafloor located on a shelf Basin – a depression of variable extent, generally in a circular or oval form Borderland – a region adjacent to a continent that is highly irregular with depths in excess ...
How Did the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Impact Deep
... plankton food web. Given the preponderance of microbial mediators in the pelagic environment, it would be expected that oil carbon would similarly be incorporated into the epipelagic food web at some level via microbial-mesozooplankTHE PELAGIC REALM ton trophic linkages. Hu et al. (2011) From a spa ...
... plankton food web. Given the preponderance of microbial mediators in the pelagic environment, it would be expected that oil carbon would similarly be incorporated into the epipelagic food web at some level via microbial-mesozooplankTHE PELAGIC REALM ton trophic linkages. Hu et al. (2011) From a spa ...
Marine Biology Research The fauna of
... hydrothermal activity. However, the three cladorhizid sponges Asbestopluma pennatula, Cladorhizidae sp. 1 and Cladorhizidae sp. 2 were found in a hightemperature venting area directly associated with smokers. They are also found on substrates completely covered by dense bacterial mats. Some cladorhi ...
... hydrothermal activity. However, the three cladorhizid sponges Asbestopluma pennatula, Cladorhizidae sp. 1 and Cladorhizidae sp. 2 were found in a hightemperature venting area directly associated with smokers. They are also found on substrates completely covered by dense bacterial mats. Some cladorhi ...
Abundance and diversity of surface zooplankton in the Gulf of Aqaba
... north. Weikert (1987) indicated that the habitat becomes more hostile to planktonic life as depth increases and with distance from the Gulf of Aden, which is the source of plankton, and thus the number of species decreases with depth and towards the Gulfs of Suez and Aqaba. For example, in calanoid ...
... north. Weikert (1987) indicated that the habitat becomes more hostile to planktonic life as depth increases and with distance from the Gulf of Aden, which is the source of plankton, and thus the number of species decreases with depth and towards the Gulfs of Suez and Aqaba. For example, in calanoid ...
International Conference and Anniversary Post
... The Training-through-Research (TTR) Programme, designed in 1990 by an international group of scientists under the auspices of UNESCO, as of 1996 has been executed as part of the Capacity Building Programme of the UNESCO’s Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC). It has been successfully ope ...
... The Training-through-Research (TTR) Programme, designed in 1990 by an international group of scientists under the auspices of UNESCO, as of 1996 has been executed as part of the Capacity Building Programme of the UNESCO’s Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC). It has been successfully ope ...
In situ measurements of thermal diffusivity in sediments of the
... Site depths were selected to include the upper limit of methane hydrate stability and an additional region well below this depth to provide a control for future hydrate stabilities. Prior to deployment, high-resolution swath bathymetry and water column data were inspected to select sites with unifor ...
... Site depths were selected to include the upper limit of methane hydrate stability and an additional region well below this depth to provide a control for future hydrate stabilities. Prior to deployment, high-resolution swath bathymetry and water column data were inspected to select sites with unifor ...
MOTM Methane
... atmosphere, but another group, using 13C-labelling to distinguish emissions from plants from 12CH4 “background” in the atmosphere, has found no evidence for this. How does it make flaming snowballs? When they are under pressure, as under cold sediments at the bottom of oceans, methane molecules get ...
... atmosphere, but another group, using 13C-labelling to distinguish emissions from plants from 12CH4 “background” in the atmosphere, has found no evidence for this. How does it make flaming snowballs? When they are under pressure, as under cold sediments at the bottom of oceans, methane molecules get ...
Sediments - cloudfront.net
... You will see the true face of the ocean floor Covered by sediments, gravel, silt and mud Sediment particles from land, from biological activity, and even from space Sediments can help us define what occurred in recent history in the ocean basin Sediment thickest at continental margins Thinnest over ...
... You will see the true face of the ocean floor Covered by sediments, gravel, silt and mud Sediment particles from land, from biological activity, and even from space Sediments can help us define what occurred in recent history in the ocean basin Sediment thickest at continental margins Thinnest over ...
Chapter 14. Biogenic and authigenic sediment
... carbon may use up all the electron acceptors until there is nothing but sulfate to use. When even this runs out, then organics are used and this results in production of methane as a by-product. It follows that bacteria in sediments that receive little organic carbon may not get past the stage where ...
... carbon may use up all the electron acceptors until there is nothing but sulfate to use. When even this runs out, then organics are used and this results in production of methane as a by-product. It follows that bacteria in sediments that receive little organic carbon may not get past the stage where ...
Piezophiles: Microbial Adaptation to the Deep-Sea
... development. Whale falls in the deep sea have been found to also harbor chemosynthetic communities of microorganisms and animals similar to those found at cold seeps and hydrothermal vents. Another high-pressure environment where chemosynthetic communities are also found is that of methane hydrates. ...
... development. Whale falls in the deep sea have been found to also harbor chemosynthetic communities of microorganisms and animals similar to those found at cold seeps and hydrothermal vents. Another high-pressure environment where chemosynthetic communities are also found is that of methane hydrates. ...
The Mediterranean deep-sea fauna: historical ... variations and geographical changes
... Abstract: The deep-water fauna of the Mediterranean is characterized by an absence of distinctive characteristics and by a relative impoverishment. Both are a result of events after the Messinian salinity crisis (Late Miocene). The three main classes of phenomena involved in producing or recording t ...
... Abstract: The deep-water fauna of the Mediterranean is characterized by an absence of distinctive characteristics and by a relative impoverishment. Both are a result of events after the Messinian salinity crisis (Late Miocene). The three main classes of phenomena involved in producing or recording t ...
Relative Abundance and Diversity of Bacterial Methanotrophs at the
... level fluctuations (Droz et al., 2003). These sedimentary inputs flow 760 km off the Congo-Angola margin along the presentday active channel-levee system, which ends with lobe-shaped sedimentary deposits called the recent lobe complex (Savoye et al., 2009). The accumulated sediments (1.25 × 106 t of ...
... level fluctuations (Droz et al., 2003). These sedimentary inputs flow 760 km off the Congo-Angola margin along the presentday active channel-levee system, which ends with lobe-shaped sedimentary deposits called the recent lobe complex (Savoye et al., 2009). The accumulated sediments (1.25 × 106 t of ...
Fundamental Characteristics of Hydrothermal Submarine Systems
... is the principal agent of energy and mass transfer from the Earth=s crust to the ocean and one of the primary modes of interaction between the solid earth and the ocean/ atmosphere system. The fluid discharged from seafloor geothermal reservoirs cools the submarine hot rock, builds mineral deposits, ...
... is the principal agent of energy and mass transfer from the Earth=s crust to the ocean and one of the primary modes of interaction between the solid earth and the ocean/ atmosphere system. The fluid discharged from seafloor geothermal reservoirs cools the submarine hot rock, builds mineral deposits, ...
Chapter I Deep-sea ecosystems: their functioning and biodiversity
... environments and most of the abyssal seafloor is highly stable for long periods of time, but evidence accumulated since 1960s has shown that the deep sea is in fact a dynamic environment: in some regions and especially along continental margins sediment instability, strong bottom current, dense wat ...
... environments and most of the abyssal seafloor is highly stable for long periods of time, but evidence accumulated since 1960s has shown that the deep sea is in fact a dynamic environment: in some regions and especially along continental margins sediment instability, strong bottom current, dense wat ...
Benthic invertebrate communities
... particular, is more or less entirely controlled by the presence or absence of hypoxia/anoxia. Current evidence suggests that the spatial and temporal extent of oxygen deficiency has increased over the past decades. In the light of historical work, it is also likely that reference conditions defined ...
... particular, is more or less entirely controlled by the presence or absence of hypoxia/anoxia. Current evidence suggests that the spatial and temporal extent of oxygen deficiency has increased over the past decades. In the light of historical work, it is also likely that reference conditions defined ...
Cold seep
A cold seep (sometimes called a cold vent) is an area of the ocean floor where hydrogen sulfide, methane and other hydrocarbon-rich fluid seepage occurs, often in the form of a brine pool. ""Cold"" does not mean that the temperature of the seepage is lower than that of the surrounding sea water. On the contrary, its temperature is often slightly higher. Cold seeps constitute a biome supporting several endemic species.Cold seeps develop unique topography over time, where reactions between methane and seawater create carbonate rock formations and reefs. These reactions may also be dependent on bacterial activity. Ikaite, a hydrous calcium carbonate, can be associated with oxidizing methane at cold seeps.