The relation between reproductive value and genetic contribution
... It is crucial to realise that overall genetic contribution to future generations is much more complex than simply the reproductive value, which gives the expected contribution at any one locus. The key result of this paper is that the reproductive value of an individual determines the survival proba ...
... It is crucial to realise that overall genetic contribution to future generations is much more complex than simply the reproductive value, which gives the expected contribution at any one locus. The key result of this paper is that the reproductive value of an individual determines the survival proba ...
LECTURE 13: EPIGENETICS – IMPRINTING Reading: Ch. 18, p
... Imprinting seems to put individuals at a disadvantage, giving them only one chance for an active copy of the gene. One potential explanation, the Haig hypothesis, is that imprinting reflects the “battle of the sexes”. Males want to transmit genes that normally retard embryonic growth in a “silenced” ...
... Imprinting seems to put individuals at a disadvantage, giving them only one chance for an active copy of the gene. One potential explanation, the Haig hypothesis, is that imprinting reflects the “battle of the sexes”. Males want to transmit genes that normally retard embryonic growth in a “silenced” ...
Mutationism and the Dual Causation of Evolutionary Change
... find itself in suitable circumstances. Opponents caricatured this as the “lucky mutant” view (Mayr 1963, p. 101), but it was hardly an unsophisticated appeal to chance, as shown by Morgan’s stunning grasp of the probability of acceptance of new mutations (see also Punnett 1911, p. 142): ...
... find itself in suitable circumstances. Opponents caricatured this as the “lucky mutant” view (Mayr 1963, p. 101), but it was hardly an unsophisticated appeal to chance, as shown by Morgan’s stunning grasp of the probability of acceptance of new mutations (see also Punnett 1911, p. 142): ...
Disease and Trait Information for IDB Genotyped Animals in
... Figure 2: This image shows what happens in an animal produced from a sire and dam with different allele types for one gene. The dam has contributed a normal (red) allele while the male contributed a diseased (blue) allele to the offspring. This results in the offspring being a carrier of the disease ...
... Figure 2: This image shows what happens in an animal produced from a sire and dam with different allele types for one gene. The dam has contributed a normal (red) allele while the male contributed a diseased (blue) allele to the offspring. This results in the offspring being a carrier of the disease ...
Mutation and selection within the individual
... demonstrates that an allele can spread (or be eliminated) merely by altering k away from its normal Mendelian value of 0.5, even if it is neutral at the individual level. In many cases, however, variants that are favourable in the germline, such as more efficient ‘housekeeping’ genes, will also be b ...
... demonstrates that an allele can spread (or be eliminated) merely by altering k away from its normal Mendelian value of 0.5, even if it is neutral at the individual level. In many cases, however, variants that are favourable in the germline, such as more efficient ‘housekeeping’ genes, will also be b ...
Selection against migrants contributes to the
... to the island (MN) will also remain constant. The island population, however, should grow from a founding number of individuals (n = MN) to some larger equilibrium size. The proportion of individuals on the island that are migrants (m) should therefore decrease through time until the equilibrium is ...
... to the island (MN) will also remain constant. The island population, however, should grow from a founding number of individuals (n = MN) to some larger equilibrium size. The proportion of individuals on the island that are migrants (m) should therefore decrease through time until the equilibrium is ...
Correcting the Bias of WRIGHT`S Estimates of the Number of Genes
... the modified estimator involves the variance of estiThis is a minimum bound on the sampling variance. mates of F and z. By using the Taylor expansion on a Simulation study shows, however, that most of the ratio estimate (STUARTand ORD1987, pp. 325), the variation of i* is duetothe variation of iand ...
... the modified estimator involves the variance of estiThis is a minimum bound on the sampling variance. mates of F and z. By using the Taylor expansion on a Simulation study shows, however, that most of the ratio estimate (STUARTand ORD1987, pp. 325), the variation of i* is duetothe variation of iand ...
Genomic scans for selective sweeps using SNP data
... http://genome.cshlp.org/content/15/11/1566.full.html#ref-list-1 Article cited in: http://genome.cshlp.org/content/15/11/1566.full.html#related-urls ...
... http://genome.cshlp.org/content/15/11/1566.full.html#ref-list-1 Article cited in: http://genome.cshlp.org/content/15/11/1566.full.html#related-urls ...
Heredity and the Environment
... variety of genetically based diseases before birth. Coming generations could potentially escape the devastating effects of a large number of genetically determined diseases. But where do we draw the line? As you can see, there are profound moral questions in this area that will test our abilities to ...
... variety of genetically based diseases before birth. Coming generations could potentially escape the devastating effects of a large number of genetically determined diseases. But where do we draw the line? As you can see, there are profound moral questions in this area that will test our abilities to ...
Is there a gene for liking broccoli?
... If you are a fan of crime TV shows such as CSI, you may have seen a crime analyst hold up a black piece of film with white bars on it, like the one shown here. It is called an electrophoresis gel. The technology for preparing DNA samples for electrophoresis has become so affordable, that even some h ...
... If you are a fan of crime TV shows such as CSI, you may have seen a crime analyst hold up a black piece of film with white bars on it, like the one shown here. It is called an electrophoresis gel. The technology for preparing DNA samples for electrophoresis has become so affordable, that even some h ...
Genetic Testing for Non-Cancerous Inheritable Diseases
... b. Infants who are diagnosed on newborn screening as having a hemoglobinopathy 2. For carrier testing in either of the following situations: a. When there is an affected first- or second-degree relative that has thalassemia or sickle cell disease. ...
... b. Infants who are diagnosed on newborn screening as having a hemoglobinopathy 2. For carrier testing in either of the following situations: a. When there is an affected first- or second-degree relative that has thalassemia or sickle cell disease. ...
The Importance of the TSHR-gene in Domestic Chicken Hanna Johnsen
... “domesticated phenotype”, seen in all domesticated animal species (Jensen, 2006). Traits of this domesticated phenotype include behavioral changes such as reduced fear response, increased sociability and reduced anti-predator response. Changes in appearance such as altered fur and plumage colors, bo ...
... “domesticated phenotype”, seen in all domesticated animal species (Jensen, 2006). Traits of this domesticated phenotype include behavioral changes such as reduced fear response, increased sociability and reduced anti-predator response. Changes in appearance such as altered fur and plumage colors, bo ...
Document
... • The third concept is that if the two alleles at a locus differ, then one (the dominant allele) determines the organism’s appearance, and the other (the recessive allele) has no noticeable effect on appearance • In the flower-color example, the F1 plants had purple flowers because the allele for t ...
... • The third concept is that if the two alleles at a locus differ, then one (the dominant allele) determines the organism’s appearance, and the other (the recessive allele) has no noticeable effect on appearance • In the flower-color example, the F1 plants had purple flowers because the allele for t ...
Does Speciation between Arabidopsis halleri and
... is one of the few species able to colonize soils highly enriched in zinc and cadmium. Recent advances in the molecular genetics of adaptation show that the physiology of this derived ecological trait involves copy number expansions of the AhHMA4 gene, for which orthologs are found in single copy in ...
... is one of the few species able to colonize soils highly enriched in zinc and cadmium. Recent advances in the molecular genetics of adaptation show that the physiology of this derived ecological trait involves copy number expansions of the AhHMA4 gene, for which orthologs are found in single copy in ...
Statistic and Analytical Strategies for HLA Data
... For example, if we want to understand the distribution of HLA-B*27 in healthy residents of a certain region and the frequency of the HLA-B*27 gene in patients with ankylosing arthritis, how many individuals should be included in the sample? According to the principle of the hypothesis test, if the s ...
... For example, if we want to understand the distribution of HLA-B*27 in healthy residents of a certain region and the frequency of the HLA-B*27 gene in patients with ankylosing arthritis, how many individuals should be included in the sample? According to the principle of the hypothesis test, if the s ...
Sample Lecture - University of Calgary
... Natural selection states that variations appear in populations, and those variations that are beneficial are transmitted to future generations. The component processes of the evolutionary mechanism are: Evaluation, Selection, Variation, and Replication Any system with these processes is an evolving ...
... Natural selection states that variations appear in populations, and those variations that are beneficial are transmitted to future generations. The component processes of the evolutionary mechanism are: Evaluation, Selection, Variation, and Replication Any system with these processes is an evolving ...
CDKN2 (p16/MTS1) Gene Deletion or CDK4
... CDKN2, MTS2, and surrounding loci in a series of 70 human glioma tissue samples. The findings support a role for the CDKN2 gene as a tumor suppressor gene in glioblastomas and anaplastic astrocytomas; furthermore we have found that CDK4 gene amplification is a com mon abnormality in tumors not showi ...
... CDKN2, MTS2, and surrounding loci in a series of 70 human glioma tissue samples. The findings support a role for the CDKN2 gene as a tumor suppressor gene in glioblastomas and anaplastic astrocytomas; furthermore we have found that CDK4 gene amplification is a com mon abnormality in tumors not showi ...
recessive
... READING Q’s EXPLAIN -How scientist determine if achondroplasia developed from a new mutation -achondroplasia is a dominant disorder: dwarfism -if BOTH parents are average height it dev from MUTATION Parents would be homozygous recessive so could only pass on a recessive allele—dominant allele would ...
... READING Q’s EXPLAIN -How scientist determine if achondroplasia developed from a new mutation -achondroplasia is a dominant disorder: dwarfism -if BOTH parents are average height it dev from MUTATION Parents would be homozygous recessive so could only pass on a recessive allele—dominant allele would ...
1 Rapid evolution of phenotypic plasticity and shifting thresholds of
... Each population was frozen (N ≥ 100,000 individuals) after approximately every second generation of experiencing acute stress shock in order to retain a record of evolutionary change in the populations over time and to ensure that worms did not lose the ability to survive freeze and thaw. Approximat ...
... Each population was frozen (N ≥ 100,000 individuals) after approximately every second generation of experiencing acute stress shock in order to retain a record of evolutionary change in the populations over time and to ensure that worms did not lose the ability to survive freeze and thaw. Approximat ...
CH11SCS - St. Olaf Pages
... contrast, the conventional wisdom of Darwin's day saw offspring inherit a blend of parents' characteristics, here represented as the average of the two parental shadings. The result is that the variability diminishes in successive generations (the variance is halved each generation if mating is at r ...
... contrast, the conventional wisdom of Darwin's day saw offspring inherit a blend of parents' characteristics, here represented as the average of the two parental shadings. The result is that the variability diminishes in successive generations (the variance is halved each generation if mating is at r ...
GroEL buffers against deleterious mutations
... rescue lineages from a progressive fitness decline resulting from the fixation of deleterious mutations under strong genetic drift5,6. Endosymbiotic bacteria have small population sizes, do not undergo recombination, and are maternally transmitted through tight population bottlenecks7, causing the f ...
... rescue lineages from a progressive fitness decline resulting from the fixation of deleterious mutations under strong genetic drift5,6. Endosymbiotic bacteria have small population sizes, do not undergo recombination, and are maternally transmitted through tight population bottlenecks7, causing the f ...
Genetic Causes of Phenotypic Adaptation to the Second
... Hybridization is known to improve complex traits due to heterosis and phenotypic robustness. However, these phenomena have been rarely explained at the molecular level. Here, the genetic determinism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation performance was investigated using a QTL-mapping approach on ...
... Hybridization is known to improve complex traits due to heterosis and phenotypic robustness. However, these phenomena have been rarely explained at the molecular level. Here, the genetic determinism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation performance was investigated using a QTL-mapping approach on ...
Diversity of Lactase Persistence Alleles in Ethiopia
... only’’ construct (lacking the enhancer) and the error bars represent SDs (n ¼ 8). Both the 14009*G and 14010*C enhancer sequences lead to an increased luciferase expression, which is significantly different from the ancestral sequence (14009*C/14010* G; p ¼ 0.000032 and 0.000038, respectively). ...
... only’’ construct (lacking the enhancer) and the error bars represent SDs (n ¼ 8). Both the 14009*G and 14010*C enhancer sequences lead to an increased luciferase expression, which is significantly different from the ancestral sequence (14009*C/14010* G; p ¼ 0.000032 and 0.000038, respectively). ...
Genetic drift
Genetic drift (or allelic drift) is the change in the frequency of a gene variant (allele) in a population due to random sampling of organisms.The alleles in the offspring are a sample of those in the parents, and chance has a role in determining whether a given individual survives and reproduces. A population's allele frequency is the fraction of the copies of one gene that share a particular form. Genetic drift may cause gene variants to disappear completely and thereby reduce genetic variation.When there are few copies of an allele, the effect of genetic drift is larger, and when there are many copies the effect is smaller. In the early twentieth century vigorous debates occurred over the relative importance of natural selection versus neutral processes, including genetic drift. Ronald Fisher, who explained natural selection using Mendelian genetics, held the view that genetic drift plays at the most a minor role in evolution, and this remained the dominant view for several decades. In 1968, Motoo Kimura rekindled the debate with his neutral theory of molecular evolution, which claims that most instances where a genetic change spreads across a population (although not necessarily changes in phenotypes) are caused by genetic drift. There is currently a scientific debate about how much of evolution has been caused by natural selection, and how much by genetic drift.