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Biodiversity Climate Change impacts report card technical paper 15
Biodiversity Climate Change impacts report card technical paper 15

... changes within one population can alter ecological processes, dynamics and higher-order community structure. Climate driven changes in community composition and/or environmental conditions will generate feedback loops between ecology and evolution. Evolutionary response may dampen or amplify these e ...
Climate-Change Vulnerabilities and Adaptation Strategies for
Climate-Change Vulnerabilities and Adaptation Strategies for

... make them more resilient; and suggested adaptation strategies. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2012) defines adaptation in natural systems as: the process of adjustment to actual climate and its effect; human intervention may facilitate adjustment to the expected climate. The ini ...
How Habitat Edges Change Species Interactions
How Habitat Edges Change Species Interactions

... lost from the population and may return or contribute offspring to the patch. Studies of the spatial dynamics of the spruce budworm (Ludwig et al. 1979) are a now-classical ecological application of mixed boundary conditions. Ecological examples of all three types of mixed boundary conditions common ...
Alberta Invasive Alien Species Management Framework
Alberta Invasive Alien Species Management Framework

... general types of municipalities (urban, rural and specialized) have authority under the Municipal Government Act to provide essential, local services and to plan and regulate the use and development of land. This authority extends to the control of weeds and other potential invasive species. For rur ...
Interim koala referral advice for proponents
Interim koala referral advice for proponents

... A koala population is defined by the capacity of individuals to move from one habitat patch to another. If two groups of koalas are separated by a substantial barrier to movement (e.g. river, mountain range, greater than15 km of cleared rural land or artificial barriers), and there is very little li ...
APPENDIX B-2A Duchess Paradise Project
APPENDIX B-2A Duchess Paradise Project

... Northern quolls do not have highly specific habitat requirements. They occur in a variety of habitats across their range. They are opportunistic foragers that feed on a broad range of items switching dietary resources according to season and availability. Daytime den sites provide important shelter ...
Shifts in phenology due to global climate change: the need for a
Shifts in phenology due to global climate change: the need for a

... Climate change has led to shifts in phenology in many species distributed widely across taxonomic groups. It is, however, unclear how we should interpret these shifts without some sort of a yardstick: a measure that will reflect how much a species should be shifting to match the change in its enviro ...
Habitat isolation and ecological barriers
Habitat isolation and ecological barriers

... played by spatial heterogeneity. W iens (1976) was one o f the first authors to point out this problem very strongly. Recently, spatial heterogeneity is considered as one o f the basic factors influencing both population and community processes, especially in m an-dominated landscapes (Kozakiewicz 1 ...
successional mechanism varies along a gradient in hydrothermal
successional mechanism varies along a gradient in hydrothermal

... flux), as well as species’ interactions with each other. Because it is important to distinguish between these mechanisms (e.g., Callaway and Walker 1997), we monitored both hydrothermal vent fluid flux (using temperature as a proxy; Johnson et al. 1988, 1994) and the ambient faunal community through ...
A mechanistic approach to understanding range shifts in a changing
A mechanistic approach to understanding range shifts in a changing

... 50 years (Easterling et al., 2000; Beniston and Stephenson, 2004). These environmental perturbations are further compounded by human disturbance, invasive species, changes in population dynamics, and pollution. Most organisms will face major challenges in coping with one or more of these environment ...
Global networks for invasion science: benefits, challenges and
Global networks for invasion science: benefits, challenges and

... from natural to human-dominated ecosystem) with nodes (network partners and/or sites) spanning biogeographic zones over both hemispheres and including at least three continents. This suggestion is motivated by the need for a practical operational definition of networks for international—and potentia ...
Reports
Reports

... INTRODUCTION Changes in the abiotic environment caused by global warming, such as increased growing season length, permafrost melting, and nutrient availability due to higher mobilization of resources in warmer soils (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC] 2001), are predicted to impose la ...
The interplay between environmental conditions and Allee effects
The interplay between environmental conditions and Allee effects

... Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3J9 Canada ...
Scaling environmental change through the community
Scaling environmental change through the community

... being determined by the most abundant one or two species, whereas in other cases functional effects may not scale as directly with abundance due to nonadditive or higher order interactions. Thus, at least three factors should be important to predict how environmental change influences ecosystem func ...
Life 9e - Garvness
Life 9e - Garvness

... 23. Which of the following statements about habitat corridors is true? a. They are places where an endangered species can live and breed. b. They are usually used in captive breeding studies. c. Their presence mitigates the deleterious effects of habitat fragmentation. d. They are most effective as ...
Climate-related range shifts – a global multidimensional synthesis
Climate-related range shifts – a global multidimensional synthesis

... In addition to these three geographic dimensions, species range shifts are usually described through changes occurring in specific distribution parameters, such as range margins, range core or abundance (Lenoir and Svenning 2013). The earliest detection of species range shifts under 20th century clim ...
Apparent predation risk: tests of habitat selection theory reveal
Apparent predation risk: tests of habitat selection theory reveal

... abundance, individuals will compete more intensely for energy of increasing marginal value and, assuming that the fitness value of energy is constant, the cost of predation is less (as are the missed opportunities of engaging in non-foraging activities, third term on the right-hand side), and quitti ...
Lepomis cyanellus (Rafinesque, 1819)
Lepomis cyanellus (Rafinesque, 1819)

... reported to regularly coincide with sharp increases in L. gibbosus abundances (Tomoček et al., 2007 and literature therein). The species is also held responsible for the locally strong decline and disappearance of endangered amphibians, such as Pelobates fuscus, Triturus cristatus and Hyla arborea ( ...
Habitat and habitat selection: theory, tests, and implications.
Habitat and habitat selection: theory, tests, and implications.

... to play to its strength, they find that the adaptive ability to exploit new habitats, including fitness sinks, is enhanced. Although niches may not be as conservative as we once thought, they are hardly liberal. As mutants leave the source population, they reinforce adaptation to the source habitat ...
Preview Sample 2
Preview Sample 2

... B) An extensive region of land that includes one or more areas undisturbed by humans is called a zoned reserve. C) Few, if any, ecosystems remain undisturbed by humans. D) The areas surrounding a zoned reserve are not to be used to support human populations. E) Costa Rica hopes to maintain at least ...
English
English

... Aichi Biodiversity Targets with current monitoring systems and indicators. However the development of a more comprehensive global observation system for delivering information on biodiversity change would change this. Some lessons can be learned from the climate community, which identified 50 ‘Essen ...
Potential problems of removing one invasive species at a time
Potential problems of removing one invasive species at a time

... Although the co-occurrence of nonnative vertebrates is a ubiquitous global phenomenon, the study of interactions between invaders is poorly represented in the literature. Limited understanding of the interactions between co-occurring vertebrates can be problematic for predicting how the removal of o ...
Evaluating least-cost model predictions with empirical
Evaluating least-cost model predictions with empirical

... Abstract: The loss and fragmentation of forest habitats by human land use are recognised as important factors influencing the decline of forest-dependent fauna. Mammal species that are dependent upon forest habitats are particularly sensitive to habitat loss and fragmentation because they have highl ...
Impacts of climate change on seabirds
Impacts of climate change on seabirds

... of their range. As a result, we may see changes in species’ ranges due to climate change, with associated changes in overall population size. By the end of the 21st century, great skua and Arctic skua may no longer breed in the UK and the range of black guillemot, common gull and Arctic tern shrink ...
Dynamics of ecological communities in variable environments
Dynamics of ecological communities in variable environments

... The environment that affects the population dynamics of species is naturally variable and unpredictable. Usually there is a wide spectrum of environmental variables that can change both temporally and spatially, such as climatic factors (Ruokolainen et al. 2009). Variation in the environment can aff ...
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Assisted colonization

Assisted colonization, also known as assisted migration or managed relocation, is the act of deliberately helping plant and animal species colonize new habitats when driven out of their historical habitats due to rapid environmental change, especially climate change. All species have some natural capacity to disperse into new habitats and adapt to change, but ongoing climate change is so rapid that many species are unable to keep pace naturally. In order to prevent extinctions, some scientists and practitioners are considering assisting the dispersal of species that have poor natural dispersal ability. This idea has sparked intense debate over the potential benefits of assisted colonization, which include avoiding many species extinctions, and the risks, which include accidentally introducing new invasive species. Although the debate remains primarily conceptual with few real-world applications, scientists and land managers have already begun to consider several specific assisted colonization projects.
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