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Ph1
Ph1

... Incorrect pairing leads to unbalanced gametes and infertility How does wheat produce 4 haploid cells at the end of meiosis? ...
11.1 Mendel File
11.1 Mendel File

... Mendel then let the F1 generation self-pollinate (F1 x F1) Remember all these plants had purple flowers ...
Genetics PPT
Genetics PPT

... • Shows a pattern of inheritance in a family for a specific trait (phenotype) • Genotypes can usually be determined • Why would we want to use a pedigree in genetics? • Track the occurrence of diseases such as: ...
Introduction to Genetics
Introduction to Genetics

... The offspring are different because they are the result of sexual reproduction. Their parents had two different copies of genes for each trait, and the parents randomly pass these traits along to their offspring. Because the traits are passed randomly, variation is produced in the offspring. 26. Why ...
The word for beauty is… Lathyrus
The word for beauty is… Lathyrus

... form that is particularly welcome at a time of the year when the garden is dominated by mauve and yellow flowers. Forms with narrow leaflets, some very fine, are preferred. The South American species are very decorative and many are scented. Some are tall growing and a little prone to frost damage. ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... During sexual reproduction, male and female reproductive cells join in a process known as fertilization to produce a new cell. In peas, this new cell develops into a tiny embryo encased within a seed. ...
genetics - Krishikosh
genetics - Krishikosh

... Professor, before accepting his present post. He received the Kimber Genetics Award in 1958. Dr. Dobzhansky is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Philosophical Soc iety, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Royal Danish, Royal Swedish, and Brazilian Academies of Sci ...
Chapter 6 GENETIC LINKAGE AND MAPPING IN EUKARYOTES
Chapter 6 GENETIC LINKAGE AND MAPPING IN EUKARYOTES

... over. This event occurs during prophase of meiosis I. As discussed in Chapter 3, the replicated chromosomes, known as sister chromatids, associate with the homologous sister chromatids to form a structure known as a bivalent. A bivalent is composed of two pairs of sister chromatids. In prophase of m ...
Planet Earth and Its Environment A 5000
Planet Earth and Its Environment A 5000

... These offspring (the F1 or first filial generation) are termed hybrids (mixed breeds), but they resemble only one parent. Mendel called the characteristic of the parent that they resemble dominant and the other characteristic, which is masked, recessive. In this cross, ‘tall’ is dominant over ‘short ...
Crazy Traits - CPO Science
Crazy Traits - CPO Science

... A Punnett square shows all the possible combinations of alleles from two parents. You need to know the genotypes of the parents in order to create a Punnett square. b. What is probability? What does probability have to do with inheritance? ...
Chapter 13 - Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles
Chapter 13 - Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

... Review: Describe the functions of mitosis. ...
2. In vivo Maternal Haploid Induction in Maize
2. In vivo Maternal Haploid Induction in Maize

... Mechanism  of  in  vivo  maternal  haploid  induction     The  exact  sequence  of  events  underlying  maternal  haploid  induction  has  not  been  clearly  understood.   Several  hypotheses  were  proposed   to   explain  in  vivo  mater ...
ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL LOOK AT PLANT CARNIVORY: Why are
ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL LOOK AT PLANT CARNIVORY: Why are

... About 650 species of vascular carnivorous (Latin: carnis – flesh, vorare – to swallow) plants occur throughout the world (e.g., Rice, 2006) out of the total of about 300,000 species of vascular plants. Carnivorous plants belong to 15-18 genera of 8-9 botanical families and 5 orders (Givnish, 1989; J ...
PPT File
PPT File

... character variants (such as purple or white flowers) are called traits – Mating of plants can be controlled ...
National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act: Biodiversity
National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act: Biodiversity

... extinction based on its distribution and/or population status. Data Deficient is therefore not a category of threat. Listing of taxa in this category indicates that more information is required and acknowledges the possibility that future research will show that a threatened classification is ...
Mendelian genetics
Mendelian genetics

... Concerns sexual reproduction Forms haploid daughter cells Used for growth and repair ...
Evolutionary relationships between the former species
Evolutionary relationships between the former species

... was found in strain NRRL Y-1551; or with one substitution: in strain CBS 1513 (S. carlsbergensis), T306 replaced C (silent), while in strains CBS 1538NT and CBS 1503 (S. monacensis), G89 was replaced by A, resulting in a R(AGA) to K(AAA) change. The pair SuGDH1/SuGDH1* indicates a 3% genetic distanc ...
My Genetics project
My Genetics project

... Genetics is quite complicated and most traits are actually controlled by more than one gene. In 7th grade, we are not required to talk about concepts such as incomplete dominance, codominance, and polygenic traits, but they are pretty interesting. All traits that involve color and pigment are polyge ...
Centromere Locations and Associated Chromosome
Centromere Locations and Associated Chromosome

... time using the T. glabra sequence as an outgroup (Hansson et al. 2006; Kawabe et al. 2006), two involving centromere region genes. In one such case, on chromosome I, At1g43980, the results suggest a recent duplication in the A. lyrata lineage, rather than loss in A. thaliana (Hansson et al. 2006). T ...
chapter 11 section 1 notes
chapter 11 section 1 notes

... During sexual reproduction, male and female reproductive cells join in a process known as fertilization to produce a new cell. In peas, this new cell develops into a tiny embryo encased within a seed. Pea flowers are normally self-pollinating, which means that sperm cells fertilize egg cells from wi ...
Parent–offspring conflict and the genetics of offspring solicitation
Parent–offspring conflict and the genetics of offspring solicitation

... demonstration of arms races in parent–offspring communication may be difficult because cycles may ‘turn’ very slowly, that is, over many generations (Parker & Macnair 1979). An unstable arms race may be expected only if begging is costly. If begging carries insubstantial costs, as certain ...
Seed dispersal of woody plants in tropical forests: concepts
Seed dispersal of woody plants in tropical forests: concepts

... The accuracy of the Janson classification of fruits as mainly bird- or nonvolant mammal-dispersed (Janson 1983) was tested on BCI (S. J. Wright and O. Calderón, unpublished data), another neotropical forest with a relatively similar animal community (Leigh 1999; Terborgh & Wright 1994). Of 78 common ...
Deep Insight Section The vagaries of non-traditional mendelian Aa = aa !
Deep Insight Section The vagaries of non-traditional mendelian Aa = aa !

... two homologous non-sister chromatids. When interstitial, the segmental UPD results from two symmetrical breaks, which are shown below as the ...
e-book of - Società Botanica Italiana
e-book of - Società Botanica Italiana

... Ecosystem functions and the mechanisms that control the species diversity in plant communities Communications • Anna Maria Mercuri Palynology applied to the study of climate change and human impact: pollen from archaeological sites as tool for the assessment of long-term local impact and human induc ...
1. The inheritance of the ABO blood groups is an example of
1. The inheritance of the ABO blood groups is an example of

... In a study of people living in India, the frequency of the IO allele was found to be 0.55 and that of the IA allele, 0.18. What was the frequency of the IB allele in this population? Smallpox was an extremely severe disease which was particularly common among the people of the Indian sub-continent. ...
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Hybrid (biology)



In biology a hybrid, also known as cross breed, is the result of mixing, through sexual reproduction, two animals or plants of different breeds, varieties, species or genera. Using genetic terminology, it may be defined as follows. Hybrid generally refers to any offspring resulting from the breeding of two genetically distinct individuals, which usually will result in a high degree of heterozygosity, though hybrid and heterozygous are not, strictly speaking, synonymous. a genetic hybrid carries two different alleles of the same gene a structural hybrid results from the fusion of gametes that have differing structure in at least one chromosome, as a result of structural abnormalities a numerical hybrid results from the fusion of gametes having different haploid numbers of chromosomes a permanent hybrid is a situation where only the heterozygous genotype occurs, because all homozygous combinations are lethal.From a taxonomic perspective, hybrid refers to: Offspring resulting from the interbreeding between two animal species or plant species. See also hybrid speciation. Hybrids between different subspecies within a species (such as between the Bengal tiger and Siberian tiger) are known as intra-specific hybrids. Hybrids between different species within the same genus (such as between lions and tigers) are sometimes known as interspecific hybrids or crosses. Hybrids between different genera (such as between sheep and goats) are known as intergeneric hybrids. Extremely rare interfamilial hybrids have been known to occur (such as the guineafowl hybrids). No interordinal (between different orders) animal hybrids are known. The third type of hybrid consists of crosses between populations, breeds or cultivars within a single species. This meaning is often used in plant and animal breeding, where hybrids are commonly produced and selected, because they have desirable characteristics not found or inconsistently present in the parent individuals or populations.↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
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