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Genetics Notes
Genetics Notes

... X inactivation in females • Females are XX but in each cell one X chromosome is mostly inactivated and is a barr body. Small regions of the chromosome remain active but most of the genes are not expressed. Barr bodies are "reactivated" in the cells that undergo meiosis to form gametes. • The select ...
Review sheet for Genetics
Review sheet for Genetics

... 8. In humans, being right-handed (R) is dominant over being left handed (r). Two right-handed parents with have a son who is left-handed. Determine the genotypes of the son and both parents. What can you tell me about the phenotypes of the parents? ...
Monohybrid and Dihybrid Crosses
Monohybrid and Dihybrid Crosses

... In this lesson, you will learn how to predict the probable genetic makeup and appearance of offspring resulting from specific crosses.! ...
File
File

... 18) Mendel was able to draw his ideas of segregation and independent assortment because of the influence of which of the following? A) His reading and discussion of Darwin's Origin of Species B) The understanding of particulate inheritance he learned from renowned scientists of his time C) His disc ...
Genes and Alleles
Genes and Alleles

... Why do members of the same family look similar? Humans, like all organisms, inherit characteristics from their parents. How are characteristics passed on? 2 of 8 ...
Document
Document

... Heterozygote express the distinct traits of both alleles Example: Human blood system  A, B, AB, or o  The letters are antigens found on the surface of red blood cells  Red blood cells may be coated with one protein (A), the other (B), both (AB), or ...
allele - SmittyWorld
allele - SmittyWorld

Practice with Punnett Squares
Practice with Punnett Squares

... GENE- A segment of a chromosome that determines a particular trait of an organism by coding for specific proteins. GAMETE- Egg and sperm cells (sex cells). They have half the chromosomes compared do other cells in the body (23 individual chromosomes for humans). SOMATIC CELLS- Cells in the body othe ...
Genetics Practice Problems
Genetics Practice Problems

... 3. Huntington’s chorea is a rare fatal disease that usually develops in middle age. It is caused by a dominant allele. A phenotypically normal man in his early twenties learns that his father has developed Huntington’s chorea. a. What is the probability that he himself will develop the symtoms later ...
genetics sheet#11,by Thulfeqar Alrubai`ey
genetics sheet#11,by Thulfeqar Alrubai`ey

... humans. For example, if a tree dispersed a high number of seeds in a small area of land, then the survival rate will be low (because of high competition for nutrients) so the offspring will be very weak and some of them will die. On the other hand, the less the number of offspring, the better the su ...
Note 20 - South Tuen Mun Government Secondary School
Note 20 - South Tuen Mun Government Secondary School

... Examples : tongue rolling, ear-lobed Discontinuous variation are characters which are not affected by the environment, they are normally controlled by one or a few genes. Their pattern of inheritance can be followed by Mendel's law. (iii) The causes of variation  Independent assortment of chromosom ...
genetic problems
genetic problems

... allele, b. The trotting gait is due to a dominant gene, T, and the pacing gait to its recessive allele, t. If a homozygous black pacer is mated to a homozygous chestnut trotter, what will be the appearance of the F1 generation? 16. If two F1 individuals from the preceding problem were mated, what ki ...
Respiration Worksheet
Respiration Worksheet

... of autosomal dominant disorder is dwarfism, in particular, a form called Achondroplasia. Individuals with dwarfism have a defect in bone growth of the long bones, the arms and legs. As a result, the average height for Achondroplasia dwarves is about 4’ tall. Dwarfism is caused by one dominant allele ...
genetics, 021816 - Biology East Los Angeles College
genetics, 021816 - Biology East Los Angeles College

... The isolation of Martha’s Vineyard help foster marriages between close relatives between about 1700 and 1900. The frequency of deafness was high since there was little exchange of alleles with outsiders. ...
Chapter 23 lecture notes
Chapter 23 lecture notes

...  The Hardy-Weinberg principle describes the gene pool of a population that is not evolving.  The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that the frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population’s gene pool will remain constant over generations unless acted upon by agents other than Mendelian segregat ...
CALCULATION OF GENETIC VARIATION OF A POPULATION
CALCULATION OF GENETIC VARIATION OF A POPULATION

... 2 x (number of AA) + (number of AB) divided by 2 x (total number of individuals). Thus 2 x (200) + (75) divided by 2 (200 + 75 + 25). This is 475/600 = 0.792 = p. Since q is simply 1 - p, then q = 1 - 0.792 or 0.208 5. Conclusions: Hardy-Weinberg equation states that the amount of genetic variation ...
Factors affect HW Equilibrium
Factors affect HW Equilibrium

... -Nonrandom mating • In human population, mating is seldom random ...
Gregor Mendel 1822-1884
Gregor Mendel 1822-1884

... • Heredity- the passing of traits from parent to offspring. • Self-pollinate- A plant is often able to pollinate by itself because it contains both the male and female reproductive structures. This only requires 1 parent. • Dominant trait- the trait observed when at least one dominant allele for a ...
Ch. 23 Notes
Ch. 23 Notes

... 2. Random mating. If individuals pick mates with certain genotypes, or if inbreeding is common, the mixing of gametes will not be random and genotype frequencies will change. 3. No natural selection. Differential survival or reproductive success among genotypes will alter allele frequencies. 4. Extr ...
11.2 Predicting Heredity
11.2 Predicting Heredity

... How traits are passed on to offspring Genes and alleles Mendel developed the basic laws of how traits are passed on to offspring (Figure 11.8). He did not know about genes, chromosomes, DNA, or meiosis. The laws stated below combine the work of Mendel and Sutton. 1. Individual units called genes det ...
Reece9e_Lecture_C23
Reece9e_Lecture_C23

... 2. Random mating. If individuals pick mates with certain genotypes, or if inbreeding is common, the mixing of gametes will not be random and genotype frequencies will change. 3. No natural selection. Differential survival or reproductive success among genotypes will alter allele frequencies. 4. Extr ...
Practice Crosses
Practice Crosses

... Two pea plants are heterozygous for both seed shape (round is dominant) and seed color (yellow is dominant). What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes for these two traits when these plants are crossed? ...
The Story of Gregor Mendel and his Peas
The Story of Gregor Mendel and his Peas

Pedigrees - Los Gatos High School
Pedigrees - Los Gatos High School

... Vessey (bg) ...
Hairy Heredity - Oklahoma 4-H
Hairy Heredity - Oklahoma 4-H

... specific traits. Plant breeders select plant varieties which produce more seed or fruit. Livestock producers select animals with specific traits such as increased milk production, ample muscle mass or structural correctness. Selecting for these traits has allowed agriculturalists to produce a higher ...
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Inbreeding

Inbreeding is the sexual reproduction of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically. By analogy, the term is used in human reproduction, but more commonly refers to the genetic disorders and other consequences that may arise from incestuous sexual relationships and consanguinity.Inbreeding results in homozygosity, which can increase the chances of offspring being affected by recessive or deleterious traits. This generally leads to a decreased biological fitness of a population (called inbreeding depression), which is its ability to survive and reproduce. An individual who inherits such deleterious traits is referred to as inbred. The avoidance of such deleterious recessive alleles caused by inbreeding, via inbreeding avoidance mechanisms, is the main selective reason for outcrossing. Crossbreeding between populations also often has positive effects on fitness-related traits.Inbreeding is a technique used in selective breeding. In livestock breeding, breeders may use inbreeding when, for example, trying to establish a new and desirable trait in the stock, but will need to watch for undesirable characteristics in offspring, which can then be eliminated through further selective breeding or culling. Inbreeding is used to reveal deleterious recessive alleles, which can then be eliminated through assortative breeding or through culling. In plant breeding, inbred lines are used as stocks for the creation of hybrid lines to make use of the effects of heterosis. Inbreeding in plants also occurs naturally in the form of self-pollination.
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