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... cells fertilize egg cells from within the same flower. A plant grown from a seed produced by self-pollination inherits all of its characteristics from the single plant that bore it; it has a single parent. Mendel’s monastery garden had several stocks of pea plants. These plants were “true-breeding,” ...
The obstruction of adaptation in diploids by recessive deleterious
The obstruction of adaptation in diploids by recessive deleterious

... A deleterious mutation that is recessive is hidden in individuals containing only one copy (i.e., heterozygotes); however, individuals containing two copies (i.e., homozygotes) suffer negative effects. This class of mutation is responsible for a number of human genetic disorders, including cystic fi ...
Change of Genetic Architecture in Response to Sex
Change of Genetic Architecture in Response to Sex

... population contained approximately 15% sexual females and 8% males. All isolated animals were identified morphologically (BROOKS1957) as members of the Daphnia Pulex group. Production of outbred progeny: About 1000 females bearing ephippia (sexually produced resting eggs) were isolated into individu ...
W i
W i

... One of the strangest ways of making a living is found in the behavior of Perissodus microlepis, a cichlid fish that specializes in eating scales. Perissodus microlepis will swoop in on its prey from the blind side and eat some scales. The scale-eater is a classic partial predator that feeds only on ...
the kinship theory of genomic imprinting - Fischer Lab
the kinship theory of genomic imprinting - Fischer Lab

... gene expression X. Then the kinship theory predicts that the evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) at the locus will be either ‘symmetric’ or ‘asymmetric’ (21). A symmetric ESS occurs when maternally derived and paternally derived alleles favor the same total level of gene expression. At such an ESS, ...
sewall wright - National Academy of Sciences
sewall wright - National Academy of Sciences

Document
Document

... • Mendel developed a hypothesis to explain the 3:1 inheritance pattern he observed in F2 offspring • Four related concepts make up this model • These concepts can be related to what we now know about genes and chromosomes ...
From RNA to protein
From RNA to protein

Statistical models for trisomic phenotypes.
Statistical models for trisomic phenotypes.

... Address for correspondence and reprints: Dr. Eleanor Feingold, Department of Biostatistics, 1518 Clifton Road, Room 314, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322. E-mail: [email protected] © 1996 by The American Society of Human Genetics. All rights reserved. ...
Heredity Practice Problems
Heredity Practice Problems

... fish. These fish resemble transparent eels with overlarge heads and very long, pointy teeth. Because of where they live, very little is know about these fish but for the sake of this problem, we shall assume that some of them can produce biochemical lights along the length of their bodies and some c ...
A locus for sodium exclusion (Nax1), a trait for salt tolerance
A locus for sodium exclusion (Nax1), a trait for salt tolerance

... Abstract. Salinity affects durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.)] more than it affects bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and results in lower yield for durum wheat cultivars grown on salt-affected soils. A novel source of salt tolerance in the form of a sodium exclusion trait, ident ...
11.1 notes
11.1 notes

video slide - Biology at Mott
video slide - Biology at Mott

... features, or characters (such as flower color); character variants (such as purple or white flowers) are called traits – Mating of plants can be controlled – Each pea plant has sperm-producing organs (stamens) and egg-producing organs (carpels) – Cross-pollination (fertilization between different pl ...
Lec17_heritability
Lec17_heritability

... 4. Slide correction: Cystic Fibrosis example on p.214-218 5. End of HIV lecture will be provided as an audio file linked to powerpoint by Monday. ...
The genetical theory of social behaviour
The genetical theory of social behaviour

... We survey the population genetic basis of social evolution, using a logically consistent set of arguments to cover a wide range of biological scenarios. We start by reconsidering Hamilton’s (Hamilton 1964 J. Theoret. Biol. 7, 1–16 (doi:10.1016/0022-5193(64)90038-4)) results for selection on a social ...
The genetical theory of social behaviour
The genetical theory of social behaviour

... We survey the population genetic basis of social evolution, using a logically consistent set of arguments to cover a wide range of biological scenarios. We start by reconsidering Hamilton’s (Hamilton 1964 J. Theoret. Biol. 7, 1–16 (doi:10.1016/0022-5193(64)90038-4)) results for selection on a social ...
meiosis and heredity
meiosis and heredity

... c. genes contained in the gametes that fuse to form a zygote d. recombination between sister chromatids e. physical arrangement of chromosomes along the metaphase plate in preparation for anaphase 9. Which of the following is not one of Mendel's three hypothesis to explain the results of his P, F1 a ...
The genetical theory of social behaviour
The genetical theory of social behaviour

It`s In Your Genes
It`s In Your Genes

... Through this DNA, the offspring inherits its parents’ traits. This process is called heredity. Typically, animals and plants have two copies of their genes (are diploid). One of these copies comes from the animal’s mother and the other copy comes from the animal’s father. The genes one parent passes ...
Chapter 14
Chapter 14

... flowers and the other for white flowers • These alternative versions of a gene are now called alleles • Each gene resides at a specific locus on a ...
Figure Captions - Blackwell Publishing
Figure Captions - Blackwell Publishing

... frequency of a alleles is 10/24. Any given A has a frequency of 14/24 and will encounter another A with probability of 14/24 or an a with the probability of 10/24. This makes the frequency of an A–A collision (14/24)2 and an A–a collision (14/24)(10/24), just as the probability of two independent ev ...
BbRr x BbRr
BbRr x BbRr

... A cross occurs between a homozygous recessive male and a heterozygous woman…. – What percent chance will their first child have long eyelashes? – What percent chance will their 8th child have long eyelashes? ...
video slide
video slide

... • Mendel developed a hypothesis to explain the 3:1 inheritance pattern he observed in F2 offspring • Four related concepts make up this model • These concepts can be related to what we now know about genes and chromosomes ...
Gregor Mendel
Gregor Mendel

... when he crossed a purebred purple flowered plant with a purebred white flowered plant, all offspring were purple flowered. Although the F1 offspring all had both purple and white factors, they only displayed the purple factor. He concluded that the purple factor masked the white factor. ...
video slide
video slide

... • Mendel developed a hypothesis to explain the 3:1 inheritance pattern he observed in F2 offspring • Four related concepts make up this model • These concepts can be related to what we now know about genes and chromosomes ...
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Inbreeding

Inbreeding is the sexual reproduction of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically. By analogy, the term is used in human reproduction, but more commonly refers to the genetic disorders and other consequences that may arise from incestuous sexual relationships and consanguinity.Inbreeding results in homozygosity, which can increase the chances of offspring being affected by recessive or deleterious traits. This generally leads to a decreased biological fitness of a population (called inbreeding depression), which is its ability to survive and reproduce. An individual who inherits such deleterious traits is referred to as inbred. The avoidance of such deleterious recessive alleles caused by inbreeding, via inbreeding avoidance mechanisms, is the main selective reason for outcrossing. Crossbreeding between populations also often has positive effects on fitness-related traits.Inbreeding is a technique used in selective breeding. In livestock breeding, breeders may use inbreeding when, for example, trying to establish a new and desirable trait in the stock, but will need to watch for undesirable characteristics in offspring, which can then be eliminated through further selective breeding or culling. Inbreeding is used to reveal deleterious recessive alleles, which can then be eliminated through assortative breeding or through culling. In plant breeding, inbred lines are used as stocks for the creation of hybrid lines to make use of the effects of heterosis. Inbreeding in plants also occurs naturally in the form of self-pollination.
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