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labs.bio.unc.edu
labs.bio.unc.edu

... each trait) giving the false appearance of clustering Prediction: if we examine a conservative set of non-pleiotropic QTLs, we will not see clustering Easier said than done! ...
tutorial in biostatistics genetic mapping of complex traits
tutorial in biostatistics genetic mapping of complex traits

... there may be distinct variants, called alleles. In common parlance, the term gene is often used to denote both locus and allele, but the two should be regarded as distinct concepts by the statistician. For an individual, the pair of alleles (maternal and paternal) at a locus is called the genotype. ...
Integration of QTL Information with Traditional Animal Breeding
Integration of QTL Information with Traditional Animal Breeding

Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea Multiple-Choice
Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea Multiple-Choice

... 17) The fact that all seven of the pea plant traits studied by Mendel obeyed the principle of independent assortment most probably indicates which of the following? A) None of the traits obeyed the law of segregation. B) The diploid number of chromosomes in the pea plants was 7. C) All of the genes ...
What role does natural selection play in speciation?
What role does natural selection play in speciation?

... Institute of Science and Technology, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria If distinct biological species are to coexist in sympatry, they must be reproductively isolated and must exploit different limiting resources. A two-niche Levene model is analysed, in which habitat preference and survival ...
Genetic Soduko Purpose: Use interactive Punnett square
Genetic Soduko Purpose: Use interactive Punnett square

... Purpose: Use interactive Punnett square simulations to predict possible genetic outcomes. Directions: Go to http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/virtual_labs/BL_05/BL_05.html 1. Select the TV and watch the tutorial. a. Where are the parent alleles located on a Punnett square? b. What do capital letters ...
Genetic Soduko Purpose: Use interactive Punnett square
Genetic Soduko Purpose: Use interactive Punnett square

... Purpose: Use interactive Punnett square simulations to predict possible genetic outcomes. Directions: Go to http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/virtual_labs/BL_05/BL_05.html 1. Select the TV and watch the tutorial. a. Where are the parent alleles located on a Punnett square? b. What do capital letters ...
Mar19
Mar19

... or prob(Heterozygote) = 2pq prob(aa) = q*q = q2 ...
Introduction to Genetics
Introduction to Genetics

Surrogate Genetics and Metabolic Profiling for Characterization of
Surrogate Genetics and Metabolic Profiling for Characterization of

... CBS and its variants have the potential to alter regulatory methylation of DNA and histones, as well as the redox state of the cell. Yet, elevated homocysteine levels occur in many people, including heterozygotes for some CBS alleles, without any clinical symptoms (Motulsky 1996; Guttormsen et al. 2 ...
mendelian inheritance - E-Learning/An
mendelian inheritance - E-Learning/An

... When he initiated his studies, Mendel obtained several varieties of peas that were considered to be distinct. These plants were different with regard to many morphological characteristics. The general characteristics of an organism are called characters. The terms trait and variant are typically use ...
Basic Principles of Heredity
Basic Principles of Heredity

... speak of locuses.) Thus, there is a specific place—a locus—on a chromosome in pea plants where the shape of seeds is determined. This locus might be occupied by an allele for round seeds or one for wrinkled seeds. We will use the term allele when referring to a specific version of a gene; we will us ...
Positive and Negative Selection on the Human Genome
Positive and Negative Selection on the Human Genome

... mutations that survive to be polymorphic in a population are either neutral or advantageous. Standing polymorphism, therefore, would not be of health concern. The increased rate of stillbirths and prereproductive mortality with inbreeding reveals substantial effects of partially recessive deleteriou ...
Castric et al. (MBE 2010) - GEPV
Castric et al. (MBE 2010) - GEPV

... recombination among allelic lines with low versus High sequence divergence, whereas only cases of the latter are typically found when comparing functionally distinct SI specificities. In contrast to gametophytic SI, sporophytic SI allows the spontaneous generation of homozygote genotypes for a given ...
Classification of Hypotheses on the Advantage of Amphimixis
Classification of Hypotheses on the Advantage of Amphimixis

... (Holliday 1988, p. 53). Suppose that a nonreciprocal process usually goes in the right direction, but sometimes makes a mistake. This leads to a homozygous mutation (or epimutation) which, however, can be reverted with high probability after mating with an unrelated individual. All three hypotheses ...
Dragon Investigations
Dragon Investigations

... (w). From the horns example you know that in simple dominance, heterozygous individuals have the dominant phenotype. Since Sandy is heterozygous, he has no wings (the dominant phenotype). For Question 4, from “Dragon Genetics” you know that the fancy-tail phenotype is dominant to the plain-tail phen ...
Properties of spontaneous mutations affecting quantitative traits
Properties of spontaneous mutations affecting quantitative traits

... large effective size (Ne  100). Although the ∆V was comparable to Mukai’s and Ohnishi’s, the relative viability decline, estimated by comparison with the control, was lower (severely deleterious excluded). The latter could be underestimated if the control viability had also declined due to mutation ...
Basic Principles of Heredity
Basic Principles of Heredity

... Concepts Gregor Mendel put forth the basic principles of inheritance, publishing his findings in 1866. The significance of his work did not become widely ...
Brooker Genetics 5e Sample Chapter 02
Brooker Genetics 5e Sample Chapter 02

... was then a part of Austria and is now a part of the Czech Republic. As a young boy, he worked with his father grafting trees to improve the family orchard. Undoubtedly, his success at grafting taught him that precision and attention to detail are important elements of success. These qualities would ...
Implementation of molecular markers for quantitative traits in
Implementation of molecular markers for quantitative traits in

... target alleles whose effects are difficult to observe phenotypically. Examples include recessive genes, multiple disease resistance gene pyramids combined in one genotype (where they can epistatically mask each other’s effects), alleles that are not expressed in the selection environments (e.g., gen ...
Biology 32: Evolutionary Biology Computer simulations of
Biology 32: Evolutionary Biology Computer simulations of

... simulation and record whether allele A1 is either fixed or lost from the population. Ignore those runs in which allele A1 neither fixes or is lost. Repeat this simulation a total of 30 times, recording each time whether allele A1 is fixed or lost. What % of simulations fixed allele A1? What % lost a ...
Natural Selection in the Peppered moth
Natural Selection in the Peppered moth

... prove to that the Hardy-Weinburg equation is correct, we can enter these values into the equation. The result is the same as above: 0.52 MM + 2(0.5 x 0.5) Mm + 0.52 mm which equals 0.25 MM + 0.5 Mm + 0.25 mm. ...
Word - Your Planet Earth
Word - Your Planet Earth

... prove to that the Hardy-Weinburg equation is correct, we can enter these values into the equation. The result is the same as above: 0.52 MM + 2(0.5 x 0.5) Mm + 0.52 mm which equals 0.25 MM + 0.5 Mm + 0.25 mm. ...
File
File

... Gregor Mendel was born in 1822 in Austria. Growing up on his family’s farm he had a lot of practice cultivating ____________ and _________ __________. As a young man he attended the Institute in Olomouc. After completing his studies he began work in a __________________. There he changed his name fr ...
Genetic variation at RYR1, IGF2, FUT1, MUC13, and KPL2
Genetic variation at RYR1, IGF2, FUT1, MUC13, and KPL2

... c.1843C>T locus conferring resistance to malignant hyperthermia was fixed in two Synthetic Lines and it was predominant in Duroc (0.917), Large White (0.981), and Landrace (0.972) pigs (Table 2). After the identification of the RYR1 c.1843C>T mutation in 1991 (Fujii et al., 1991) many breeding compa ...
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Inbreeding

Inbreeding is the sexual reproduction of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically. By analogy, the term is used in human reproduction, but more commonly refers to the genetic disorders and other consequences that may arise from incestuous sexual relationships and consanguinity.Inbreeding results in homozygosity, which can increase the chances of offspring being affected by recessive or deleterious traits. This generally leads to a decreased biological fitness of a population (called inbreeding depression), which is its ability to survive and reproduce. An individual who inherits such deleterious traits is referred to as inbred. The avoidance of such deleterious recessive alleles caused by inbreeding, via inbreeding avoidance mechanisms, is the main selective reason for outcrossing. Crossbreeding between populations also often has positive effects on fitness-related traits.Inbreeding is a technique used in selective breeding. In livestock breeding, breeders may use inbreeding when, for example, trying to establish a new and desirable trait in the stock, but will need to watch for undesirable characteristics in offspring, which can then be eliminated through further selective breeding or culling. Inbreeding is used to reveal deleterious recessive alleles, which can then be eliminated through assortative breeding or through culling. In plant breeding, inbred lines are used as stocks for the creation of hybrid lines to make use of the effects of heterosis. Inbreeding in plants also occurs naturally in the form of self-pollination.
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