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Lecture 4: Gene interactions 1. Multiple alleles 2. Codominance and
Lecture 4: Gene interactions 1. Multiple alleles 2. Codominance and

... 2. Determine the Expected number of progeny in each class : E =125 3. Calculate chi-square value: (Observed – Expected)2 χ2 = 5.2 χ2 = ∑ Expected df = 3 4. Determine ‘degrees of freedom’ df = (number of classes) – 1 5. Use the df and χ2 values and Table 2.5 to determine P. This value is the probabil ...
Mendel`s Breakthrough
Mendel`s Breakthrough

... A dihybrid is an individual that is heterozygous at two genes Mendel designed experiments to determine if two genes segregate independently of one another in dihybrids First constructed true breeding lines for both traits, crossed them to produce dihybrid offspring, and examined the F2 for parental ...
Gregor Mendel
Gregor Mendel

... Is inheritance always this simple? – NOOOOO! There are many other types of inheritance besides monogenic complete dominance  That would be a trait controlled by only one gene, where one allele is dominant over another ...
Genetics Review
Genetics Review

... Alleles • A dominant allele is one whose trait always shows up in an organism when the allele is present. - capital letter (AA, Aa) • A recessive allele is covered up when the dominant allele is present. - lower case letter (aa) ...
Quantitative Genetics: Traits controlled my many loci Quantitative
Quantitative Genetics: Traits controlled my many loci Quantitative

Mendel and Heredity
Mendel and Heredity

... Huntington’s Disease (HD) – caused by a dominant allele located on an autosome; symptoms- forgetfulness, irritability, loss of muscle control, spasms, severe mental illness and death. ...
Document
Document

... phenylketonuria (PKU). What is the probability of their first child having either CF or PKU? (Only one or another, but not two diseases together. Assume no linkage) A) 1 B) 3/16 C) 1/4 D) 3/8 E) 1/16 3. In the above problem, what is the probability of their first child having both CF and PKU? A) 1 B ...
Why peas? - MSU Billings
Why peas? - MSU Billings

... 2. Mendel’s Principle of Segregation Gametes can only receive one of two alleles. 3. Mendel’s Principle of Dominance One factor can be preferentially expressed 4. Not all factors are identical for a given trait. Alleles can be different Homozygous or Heterozygous combinations 5. Alleles do not influ ...
Chapter 11 Section 11_2 Applying Mendel_s Principles
Chapter 11 Section 11_2 Applying Mendel_s Principles

... Two-Factor Cross: F2 •Mendel now crossed the F1 hybrid plants to produce F2 offspring. •The F2 plants produced 556 seeds in total, of which 209 had combinations ...
NATURAL SELECTION
NATURAL SELECTION

... A subspecies is a different group within a species that is able to interbreed but is usually prevented from doing so by geographical isolation. The Florida Panther is a subspecies of the American Cougar, and there are very few (less than 100) remaining in its population. When populations get this sm ...
Biology 22 Mendelian Genetics Problems
Biology 22 Mendelian Genetics Problems

... 2. Retinitis pigmentosum, a progressive degeneration of the retina, is an Xlinked recessive trait in humans. Adam does not have retinitis pigmentosum. He marries Barbara, who also does not have the disease. Barbara’s father, however, does have retinitis pigmentosum. What are the genotypes, phenotype ...
CHAPTER 11
CHAPTER 11

Mendelian Genetics
Mendelian Genetics

... When only one trait is being studied in a genetic cross, it is called a monohybrid cross. ◦ When parent organisms, called the P generation, are crossed, the resulting offspring are the first filial, or F1 generation. ◦ When organisms of the F1 generation are crossed, their offspring make up the seco ...
122 lec 03 probs dominance mult alleles
122 lec 03 probs dominance mult alleles

... heterozygote shows both homozygotes ...
T - Sites
T - Sites

... Heredity - The passing on of features or characteristics fromParents ________ to Children _______ Traits – __________________________________________ Inherited Characteristics Examples of Inherited traits: Eye Color Height Intelligence ___________ ____________ ______________ ...
rrpp
rrpp

... • It is a form of dominance (interaction between alleles on the same locus) such that the heterozygous genotype displays characteristics more beneficial than the homozygous genotypes. Another term for overdominance is “heterozygote advantage”. • For example the heterozygote may be larger, disease re ...
Genes - Dallas ISD
Genes - Dallas ISD

... Alleles for different traits are sorted independently of each other. All combinations of alleles are distributed to gametes with equal ...
lecture 10, patterns of inheritance, 042109c
lecture 10, patterns of inheritance, 042109c

... can make the person more vulnerable to pneumonia and other infections. • The lives of children afflicted with the disorder can be prolonged through special diets, antibiotics, frequent pounding of the chest and back to clear the lungs, and other treatments. ...
Document
Document

... Beneficial mutations – allows organism to better survive: provides genetic variation Neutral mutations – neither harmful nor helpful to organism • Mutations can occur in 2 ways: chromosomal mutation or gene/point mutation ...
Incomplete Dominance and Codominance
Incomplete Dominance and Codominance

... Before the development of a process that permitted the extraction of insulin from animals, many people who had the recessive allele for diabetes in the homozygous condition died before passing on their genes to offspring. Genetic screening attempts to identify genetic conditions prior to birth or at ...
Topic_4_ - rlsmart.net
Topic_4_ - rlsmart.net

...  Test cross: a way to test if a dominant phenotype is heterozygous or homozygous dominant. Cross the individual with a recessive phenotype if any offspring have recessive phenotype then the individual was heterozygous ...
Genetics_and_Heredity
Genetics_and_Heredity

... 1. Decide the genes that could be passed on to the offspring in the gametes from each parent. 2. Cross the different gene/gamete possibilities for each possible offspring ...
Chapter 16 notes
Chapter 16 notes

...  Example: Your team has won 9 games from a total of 12 games played: the Frequency of winning is 9. the Relative Frequency of winning is 9/12 = 75% ...
gene - Mrs. GM Biology 300
gene - Mrs. GM Biology 300

... • Examples: – tobacco: green dominant & albino recessive • however color is also affected by environment – If no sunlight, green color cannot be expressed due to lack of chlorophyll production » put in light  green will appear b/c chlorophyll being produced ...
Trait Survey
Trait Survey

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Inbreeding

Inbreeding is the sexual reproduction of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically. By analogy, the term is used in human reproduction, but more commonly refers to the genetic disorders and other consequences that may arise from incestuous sexual relationships and consanguinity.Inbreeding results in homozygosity, which can increase the chances of offspring being affected by recessive or deleterious traits. This generally leads to a decreased biological fitness of a population (called inbreeding depression), which is its ability to survive and reproduce. An individual who inherits such deleterious traits is referred to as inbred. The avoidance of such deleterious recessive alleles caused by inbreeding, via inbreeding avoidance mechanisms, is the main selective reason for outcrossing. Crossbreeding between populations also often has positive effects on fitness-related traits.Inbreeding is a technique used in selective breeding. In livestock breeding, breeders may use inbreeding when, for example, trying to establish a new and desirable trait in the stock, but will need to watch for undesirable characteristics in offspring, which can then be eliminated through further selective breeding or culling. Inbreeding is used to reveal deleterious recessive alleles, which can then be eliminated through assortative breeding or through culling. In plant breeding, inbred lines are used as stocks for the creation of hybrid lines to make use of the effects of heterosis. Inbreeding in plants also occurs naturally in the form of self-pollination.
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