How do electrons get across nodes? A problem in the
... This model was devised by Bohm and Vigier (16) t o meet the difficulty just referred to. I t is based on Madelung's interpretation of the quantum theory, which he put forward in the same year that Schriidinger published his mechanics (2j). Madelung transformed Schrodinger's equation by a similar sub ...
... This model was devised by Bohm and Vigier (16) t o meet the difficulty just referred to. I t is based on Madelung's interpretation of the quantum theory, which he put forward in the same year that Schriidinger published his mechanics (2j). Madelung transformed Schrodinger's equation by a similar sub ...
Building quantum formalism in upper secondary school students
... Dirac approach presented in several papers (Ghirardi et al. 1995, 1997; Michelini et al. 2000; Michelini, Stefanel 2004; Michelini 2008). It aims at constructing the fundamental quantum concepts with: a vertical development, from phenomenology to formalism; an horizontal development, from the bi-dim ...
... Dirac approach presented in several papers (Ghirardi et al. 1995, 1997; Michelini et al. 2000; Michelini, Stefanel 2004; Michelini 2008). It aims at constructing the fundamental quantum concepts with: a vertical development, from phenomenology to formalism; an horizontal development, from the bi-dim ...
wave function - Purdue Physics
... the precision of measuring position or velocity Standing waves in the box are the electron, so there is an inherent uncertainty in its position There is some probability for finding the electron at virtually any spot in the box The uncertainty in position, Δx, is approximately the size of the box. S ...
... the precision of measuring position or velocity Standing waves in the box are the electron, so there is an inherent uncertainty in its position There is some probability for finding the electron at virtually any spot in the box The uncertainty in position, Δx, is approximately the size of the box. S ...
学术报告
... energy, the fidelity susceptibility shows distinct scaling and singular behaviours around the critical point. Secondly, I would like to introduce the relation between the fidelity susceptibility and quantum adiabatic theorem. For a d-dimensional quantum many-body system, we show that the duration ti ...
... energy, the fidelity susceptibility shows distinct scaling and singular behaviours around the critical point. Secondly, I would like to introduce the relation between the fidelity susceptibility and quantum adiabatic theorem. For a d-dimensional quantum many-body system, we show that the duration ti ...
Standard Scores, Probability, and the Normal Distribution
... (incorrectly, since telekinesis does not exist) is .05. So he could, incorrectly, conclude that telekinesis exists. But there is only a 1 in 20 chance of his project reaching that incorrect conclusion. 50 other misguided researchers conduct the same research. For each (since telekinesis still does n ...
... (incorrectly, since telekinesis does not exist) is .05. So he could, incorrectly, conclude that telekinesis exists. But there is only a 1 in 20 chance of his project reaching that incorrect conclusion. 50 other misguided researchers conduct the same research. For each (since telekinesis still does n ...
practice exam available as a MS Word file
... like a macroscopic wave in that an attempt to detect the electron finds it at one particular position, and not with intensity spread out over a spatial region. ...
... like a macroscopic wave in that an attempt to detect the electron finds it at one particular position, and not with intensity spread out over a spatial region. ...
Entanglement and Bell theorem
... • A source must emit pairs of discrete-state systems, which can be detected with high efficiency. • QM must predict strong correlations of the relevant observables of each pair, and the pairs must have high QM purity. • Analyzers must have extremely high fidelity to allow transmittance of desired st ...
... • A source must emit pairs of discrete-state systems, which can be detected with high efficiency. • QM must predict strong correlations of the relevant observables of each pair, and the pairs must have high QM purity. • Analyzers must have extremely high fidelity to allow transmittance of desired st ...
Quantum (wave) mechanics
... Quantum Mechanics Concepts In classical physics, given an initial position and initial velocity for a particle then if one knew the forces acting on the particle, Newton’s second law could be solved to accurately predict the position and velocity in the future. This concept is not true, especially i ...
... Quantum Mechanics Concepts In classical physics, given an initial position and initial velocity for a particle then if one knew the forces acting on the particle, Newton’s second law could be solved to accurately predict the position and velocity in the future. This concept is not true, especially i ...
On Quantum Generalizations of Information
... As mentioned earlier, the quantum term has something to do with the alignment and interaction of probabilities. In the classical paradigm, the alignment is straightforward. That is, the indices i and j collapse to one index, and the probabilities’ alignment is explicitly defined. We also mentioned t ...
... As mentioned earlier, the quantum term has something to do with the alignment and interaction of probabilities. In the classical paradigm, the alignment is straightforward. That is, the indices i and j collapse to one index, and the probabilities’ alignment is explicitly defined. We also mentioned t ...
Factor of safety and probability of failure
... Factor of safety and probability of failure Rather than base an engineering design decision on a single calculated factor of safety, an approach which is frequently used to give a more rational assessment of the risks associated with a particular design is to carry out a sensitivity study. This inv ...
... Factor of safety and probability of failure Rather than base an engineering design decision on a single calculated factor of safety, an approach which is frequently used to give a more rational assessment of the risks associated with a particular design is to carry out a sensitivity study. This inv ...
Factor of safety and probability of failure
... Factor of safety and probability of failure The Latin Hypercube sampling technique (Imam et al, 1980, Startzman and Watterbarger, 1985) is a relatively recent development which gives comparable results to the Monte Carlo technique but with fewer samples. The method is based upon stratified sampling ...
... Factor of safety and probability of failure The Latin Hypercube sampling technique (Imam et al, 1980, Startzman and Watterbarger, 1985) is a relatively recent development which gives comparable results to the Monte Carlo technique but with fewer samples. The method is based upon stratified sampling ...
January 2010
... A solid metallic sphere of radius a has finite conductivity, carries no net electric charge, and is free to rotate without friction about a vertical axis through its center. The region outside the sphere is ~ 0 parallel to the axis. vacuum. There is a uniform magnetic field with flux density B The s ...
... A solid metallic sphere of radius a has finite conductivity, carries no net electric charge, and is free to rotate without friction about a vertical axis through its center. The region outside the sphere is ~ 0 parallel to the axis. vacuum. There is a uniform magnetic field with flux density B The s ...
slides - Frontiers of Fundamental Physics (FFP14)
... The Dogma of Closure When classical physics treated open systems, it was tacitly assumed (as an article of faith) that, by suitable enlargement of the system, it could always be included in closed system of a deterministic type. … The contrast between open and closed should not be taken as identica ...
... The Dogma of Closure When classical physics treated open systems, it was tacitly assumed (as an article of faith) that, by suitable enlargement of the system, it could always be included in closed system of a deterministic type. … The contrast between open and closed should not be taken as identica ...
Quantum parallelism
... Use interference to obtain information that depends on many values f(x). Requires algebraic structure. Ideal for number-theoretic problems (factoring). ...
... Use interference to obtain information that depends on many values f(x). Requires algebraic structure. Ideal for number-theoretic problems (factoring). ...
Solution #3 - Temple University Department of Physics
... Using the Ehrenfest Theorem we can write in general that i dhSˆ2 i 1 h = h Ĥ, Ŝ 2 i dt i~ Since Ĥ and Ŝ 2 commute then h i dhSˆ2 i Ĥ, Ŝ 2 = 0 ⇒ = constant dt Thus < Sˆ2 > does not evolve in time and thus no frequencies will be needed. c Same question for < Ŝx >=< Ŝ1x + Ŝ2x > If the initial ...
... Using the Ehrenfest Theorem we can write in general that i dhSˆ2 i 1 h = h Ĥ, Ŝ 2 i dt i~ Since Ĥ and Ŝ 2 commute then h i dhSˆ2 i Ĥ, Ŝ 2 = 0 ⇒ = constant dt Thus < Sˆ2 > does not evolve in time and thus no frequencies will be needed. c Same question for < Ŝx >=< Ŝ1x + Ŝ2x > If the initial ...
Boland.pdf
... condition (see Marshall and Olkin [5]). In investigating regions o f Schur-convexity o f the reliability function hk : [0, 11" + [O, 11, we use the following notation. I f r E [0, 11" and 8is any integer then h e ( r ) ( h (f r ) ) will denote the probability that L or more (exactly 8) independent c ...
... condition (see Marshall and Olkin [5]). In investigating regions o f Schur-convexity o f the reliability function hk : [0, 11" + [O, 11, we use the following notation. I f r E [0, 11" and 8is any integer then h e ( r ) ( h (f r ) ) will denote the probability that L or more (exactly 8) independent c ...
I II III
... constants A and F. We need to determine them in order to calculate the transmission. We also wrote down solutions for the wavefunction in region II, but this just introduced two new constants, C and D. That doesn't seem to help. Seems to have made it worse because we just have more “stuff” to calcul ...
... constants A and F. We need to determine them in order to calculate the transmission. We also wrote down solutions for the wavefunction in region II, but this just introduced two new constants, C and D. That doesn't seem to help. Seems to have made it worse because we just have more “stuff” to calcul ...
Quantum Mechanics: Vibration and Rotation of Molecules
... The associated wavefunctions for the Hamiltonian are products of Gaussians and Hermite Polynomials. The Gaussian is the standard exponential in x 2 while the Hermite polynomials are a recursive set of functions possesing a special type of symmetry. The Hermite polynomials possess either even or odd ...
... The associated wavefunctions for the Hamiltonian are products of Gaussians and Hermite Polynomials. The Gaussian is the standard exponential in x 2 while the Hermite polynomials are a recursive set of functions possesing a special type of symmetry. The Hermite polynomials possess either even or odd ...
Probability amplitude
In quantum mechanics, a probability amplitude is a complex number used in describing the behaviour of systems. The modulus squared of this quantity represents a probability or probability density.Probability amplitudes provide a relationship between the wave function (or, more generally, of a quantum state vector) of a system and the results of observations of that system, a link first proposed by Max Born. Interpretation of values of a wave function as the probability amplitude is a pillar of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. In fact, the properties of the space of wave functions were being used to make physical predictions (such as emissions from atoms being at certain discrete energies) before any physical interpretation of a particular function was offered. Born was awarded half of the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for this understanding (see #References), and the probability thus calculated is sometimes called the ""Born probability"". These probabilistic concepts, namely the probability density and quantum measurements, were vigorously contested at the time by the original physicists working on the theory, such as Schrödinger and Einstein. It is the source of the mysterious consequences and philosophical difficulties in the interpretations of quantum mechanics—topics that continue to be debated even today.