Studies in plausibility theory, with applications to physics
... for me just a difficult and obscure subject. Suddenly it was shown by Jaynes to be just a 1 To ...
... for me just a difficult and obscure subject. Suddenly it was shown by Jaynes to be just a 1 To ...
Waves - University of Colorado High Energy Physics
... What these notes are all about Perhaps a good start would be to explain the title. This book is a little introduction to the classical physics (and mathematics) of wave motion. The intended audience is sophomore physics majors at the University of Colorado, who are members of a Modern Physics course ...
... What these notes are all about Perhaps a good start would be to explain the title. This book is a little introduction to the classical physics (and mathematics) of wave motion. The intended audience is sophomore physics majors at the University of Colorado, who are members of a Modern Physics course ...
Limits on Efficient Computation in the Physical World
... spectral gap was exponentially small. As I struggled to make the deadline, I relied on the help of David Molnar, who generously agreed to file the thesis in Berkeley while I remained in Princeton; and my committee—consisting of Umesh, Luca Trevisan, and Birgitta Whaley— which met procrastination wit ...
... spectral gap was exponentially small. As I struggled to make the deadline, I relied on the help of David Molnar, who generously agreed to file the thesis in Berkeley while I remained in Princeton; and my committee—consisting of Umesh, Luca Trevisan, and Birgitta Whaley— which met procrastination wit ...
electrons in atoms
... Our understanding of the electronic structures of atoms will be gained by studying the interactions of electromagnetic radiation and matter. The chapter begins with background information about electromagnetic radiation and then turns to connections between electromagnetic radiation and atomic struc ...
... Our understanding of the electronic structures of atoms will be gained by studying the interactions of electromagnetic radiation and matter. The chapter begins with background information about electromagnetic radiation and then turns to connections between electromagnetic radiation and atomic struc ...
Introduction to the Physical Properties of Graphene
... Figure 1.1: Number of manuscripts with “graphene” in the title posted on the preprint server. In interpreting these numbers, one must, however, consider that several publications on graphene appeared before 2006, e.g. in the framework of carbon-nanotube or graphite research. At this moment, the name ...
... Figure 1.1: Number of manuscripts with “graphene” in the title posted on the preprint server. In interpreting these numbers, one must, however, consider that several publications on graphene appeared before 2006, e.g. in the framework of carbon-nanotube or graphite research. At this moment, the name ...
Introduction to Loop Quantum Gravity and Spin Foams
... coordinates. In general relativity this property of the world is confronted head on: only relational (coordinate-independent, or diffeomorphism invariant) statements are meaningful (see discussion about the hole argument in 4 ). There are no simple family of observers to define physical coordinates ...
... coordinates. In general relativity this property of the world is confronted head on: only relational (coordinate-independent, or diffeomorphism invariant) statements are meaningful (see discussion about the hole argument in 4 ). There are no simple family of observers to define physical coordinates ...
Disorder and entropy rate in discrete time quantum walks
... classical mechanics, e.g. the propagation of a single excitation in a crystal, the efficient energy transport during photosynthesis [28] in plants or the spreading of quantum information on quantum networks. Such phenomena called for the extension of walks to the quantum domain. We call these extens ...
... classical mechanics, e.g. the propagation of a single excitation in a crystal, the efficient energy transport during photosynthesis [28] in plants or the spreading of quantum information on quantum networks. Such phenomena called for the extension of walks to the quantum domain. We call these extens ...
Probability amplitude
In quantum mechanics, a probability amplitude is a complex number used in describing the behaviour of systems. The modulus squared of this quantity represents a probability or probability density.Probability amplitudes provide a relationship between the wave function (or, more generally, of a quantum state vector) of a system and the results of observations of that system, a link first proposed by Max Born. Interpretation of values of a wave function as the probability amplitude is a pillar of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. In fact, the properties of the space of wave functions were being used to make physical predictions (such as emissions from atoms being at certain discrete energies) before any physical interpretation of a particular function was offered. Born was awarded half of the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for this understanding (see #References), and the probability thus calculated is sometimes called the ""Born probability"". These probabilistic concepts, namely the probability density and quantum measurements, were vigorously contested at the time by the original physicists working on the theory, such as Schrödinger and Einstein. It is the source of the mysterious consequences and philosophical difficulties in the interpretations of quantum mechanics—topics that continue to be debated even today.