Biased random walks
... This setup is a special case of a Markov decision process, where a controller is selecting from a set of available actions to bias the behavior of a Markov chain. Much is known about Markov decision processes (see e.g. [9]). For example, we could have defined our problem in terms of timedependent st ...
... This setup is a special case of a Markov decision process, where a controller is selecting from a set of available actions to bias the behavior of a Markov chain. Much is known about Markov decision processes (see e.g. [9]). For example, we could have defined our problem in terms of timedependent st ...
Power Point
... same direction as a , but its length is c times larger Vector c a (where c is the negative number) has the direction opposite to a , and c times larger length ...
... same direction as a , but its length is c times larger Vector c a (where c is the negative number) has the direction opposite to a , and c times larger length ...
Quantum interference of large organic molecules
... their nominal masses. Although all samples were well characterized before the evaporation process, we can therefore not exclude some contamination with adducts or fragments in this high mass range. But even if there were a relative mass spread of 10%, this would only influence the wavelength distrib ...
... their nominal masses. Although all samples were well characterized before the evaporation process, we can therefore not exclude some contamination with adducts or fragments in this high mass range. But even if there were a relative mass spread of 10%, this would only influence the wavelength distrib ...
Why There are 3 Dimensions Final 4a
... is a cube because entropy from waves traveling through the quantum point rediates energy till it intersects with other points. In our three dimensional world that shape is a cube. Unless disproportionate energy warps it. ...
... is a cube because entropy from waves traveling through the quantum point rediates energy till it intersects with other points. In our three dimensional world that shape is a cube. Unless disproportionate energy warps it. ...
Research Paper
... particles over a distance. It is caused by sharing wave functions, which links the system of particles to share properties. This can be purified by refining the wave functions by adding or releasing energy and changing how much of the properties are shared. This is extremely useful, because a data c ...
... particles over a distance. It is caused by sharing wave functions, which links the system of particles to share properties. This can be purified by refining the wave functions by adding or releasing energy and changing how much of the properties are shared. This is extremely useful, because a data c ...
Particle Filters (Part 2)
... – Weights of most particles go to zero – MCMC is used to sample particles directly from the posterior distribution P( X t | Z t ) ...
... – Weights of most particles go to zero – MCMC is used to sample particles directly from the posterior distribution P( X t | Z t ) ...
Local coordinate, wave vector, Fisher and Shannon information in
... Nowadays, there is a growing interest in applying information theoretical concepts in several fields of physics and chemistry. Local information quantities attracted less attention. Here we show that local Shannon and Fisher information can be related to local quantum observables. Local values of qua ...
... Nowadays, there is a growing interest in applying information theoretical concepts in several fields of physics and chemistry. Local information quantities attracted less attention. Here we show that local Shannon and Fisher information can be related to local quantum observables. Local values of qua ...
Do Global Virtual Axionic Gravitons Exist?
... Nevertheless, looking from the present-day theoretical point of view, the model reasoning presented in this paper allows to make use of the hypothetically existing virtual axionic particle-like global gravitons in order to search, ...
... Nevertheless, looking from the present-day theoretical point of view, the model reasoning presented in this paper allows to make use of the hypothetically existing virtual axionic particle-like global gravitons in order to search, ...
IS BOHR`S CHALLENGE STILL RELEVANT?
... It should be emphasised that even current quantum formalism fails to provide a comprehensive answer to this problem. In this formalism, the electronic orbital is a superposition of the initial and final orbitals, with time-dependent coefficients obtained by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equ ...
... It should be emphasised that even current quantum formalism fails to provide a comprehensive answer to this problem. In this formalism, the electronic orbital is a superposition of the initial and final orbitals, with time-dependent coefficients obtained by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equ ...
(pdf)
... In classical computation, there are a of number problems that cannot be solved with efficient algorithms. For example, the best classical algorithm for factorizing a large integer N increases exponentially with the size of the integer. If we continue to increase the size of the integer, it does not ...
... In classical computation, there are a of number problems that cannot be solved with efficient algorithms. For example, the best classical algorithm for factorizing a large integer N increases exponentially with the size of the integer. If we continue to increase the size of the integer, it does not ...
The Aharonov-Bohm-Effect - Karl-Franzens
... where p~ is the canonical momentum and A the potential energy contribution has to be extended by eφ(~x), which is the potential energy due to an electrostatic potential. With the last replacements the Hamiltonian allows to treat arbitrary problems involving electromagnetic fields for a scalar partic ...
... where p~ is the canonical momentum and A the potential energy contribution has to be extended by eφ(~x), which is the potential energy due to an electrostatic potential. With the last replacements the Hamiltonian allows to treat arbitrary problems involving electromagnetic fields for a scalar partic ...
Chapter 3
... concern. That colloquium denoted a turning-point in the history of physical science, simply because it made Schrödinger look for a way of deriving a wave equation to be associated with a given physical system. De Broglie, in developing and applying his matter-wave conjecture, had employed 'geometric ...
... concern. That colloquium denoted a turning-point in the history of physical science, simply because it made Schrödinger look for a way of deriving a wave equation to be associated with a given physical system. De Broglie, in developing and applying his matter-wave conjecture, had employed 'geometric ...
Probability amplitude
In quantum mechanics, a probability amplitude is a complex number used in describing the behaviour of systems. The modulus squared of this quantity represents a probability or probability density.Probability amplitudes provide a relationship between the wave function (or, more generally, of a quantum state vector) of a system and the results of observations of that system, a link first proposed by Max Born. Interpretation of values of a wave function as the probability amplitude is a pillar of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. In fact, the properties of the space of wave functions were being used to make physical predictions (such as emissions from atoms being at certain discrete energies) before any physical interpretation of a particular function was offered. Born was awarded half of the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for this understanding (see #References), and the probability thus calculated is sometimes called the ""Born probability"". These probabilistic concepts, namely the probability density and quantum measurements, were vigorously contested at the time by the original physicists working on the theory, such as Schrödinger and Einstein. It is the source of the mysterious consequences and philosophical difficulties in the interpretations of quantum mechanics—topics that continue to be debated even today.