chapter 10. relation to quantum mechanics
... experimenters in the class. At this level of analysis, the group J is associated to the class of experimenters; one does not need to have a “configuration space” for the system (see below) in order to make sense of the group. At this point we note some connections with observer theory. The situation ...
... experimenters in the class. At this level of analysis, the group J is associated to the class of experimenters; one does not need to have a “configuration space” for the system (see below) in order to make sense of the group. At this point we note some connections with observer theory. The situation ...
Fractional charge in the fractional quantum hall system
... linearization of the energy spectrum near the Fermi wave vector kF . 1D is a special case because there are only 2 discrete fermi surfaces (points in 1D case). The low energy excitation is only possible for fermions with wave vector k with |k − kF | ¿ 1 or |k − 2kF | ¿ 1. This indicates that as the ...
... linearization of the energy spectrum near the Fermi wave vector kF . 1D is a special case because there are only 2 discrete fermi surfaces (points in 1D case). The low energy excitation is only possible for fermions with wave vector k with |k − kF | ¿ 1 or |k − 2kF | ¿ 1. This indicates that as the ...
Linköping University Post Print Compatibility and noncontextuality for sequential measurements
... of “equivalent measurements” introduced by Spekkens in Ref. [39]. In this reference, two measurements are called equivalent if, for any state preparation, the probability distributions of the measurement outcomes for both measurements are the same. This is similar to our condition (ii) but disregard ...
... of “equivalent measurements” introduced by Spekkens in Ref. [39]. In this reference, two measurements are called equivalent if, for any state preparation, the probability distributions of the measurement outcomes for both measurements are the same. This is similar to our condition (ii) but disregard ...
Sufficient Conditions for Efficient Classical Simulation of Quantum
... Ideal boson sampling is a special case of this general problem, for which the input state is a multimode Fock state with N single photons, the quantum process is a lossless LON described by an M × M unitary matrix U with M ≫ N, and photon-counting measurements are made on each output mode. The outpu ...
... Ideal boson sampling is a special case of this general problem, for which the input state is a multimode Fock state with N single photons, the quantum process is a lossless LON described by an M × M unitary matrix U with M ≫ N, and photon-counting measurements are made on each output mode. The outpu ...
The quantum phases of matter
... The double slit experiment Let |L� represent the state with the electron in the left slit ...
... The double slit experiment Let |L� represent the state with the electron in the left slit ...
PDF
... A team of researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Northwestern University (NU) has proposed a quantum communication architecture [1] that permits long-distance high-fidelity teleportation using the Bennett et al. singlet-state protocol [2]. This architecture uses a novel ...
... A team of researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Northwestern University (NU) has proposed a quantum communication architecture [1] that permits long-distance high-fidelity teleportation using the Bennett et al. singlet-state protocol [2]. This architecture uses a novel ...
Modern physics
... • Simultaneous uncertainty in both position and momentum requires construction of wave packets. Then there is a significant probability of finding the particle only in limited regions of space – particle is localized • The magnitude of the position-momentum and energy-time effects is proportional to ...
... • Simultaneous uncertainty in both position and momentum requires construction of wave packets. Then there is a significant probability of finding the particle only in limited regions of space – particle is localized • The magnitude of the position-momentum and energy-time effects is proportional to ...
BASIC IDEAS of QUANTUM MECHANICS I. QUANTUM STATES
... the idea being that Nature is made up from basic building blocks, which themselves are irreducible. Nowadays in physics we often take for granted that we can specify, at least in principle, everything about some physical object or system by giving its state. And the lego block view, that this consis ...
... the idea being that Nature is made up from basic building blocks, which themselves are irreducible. Nowadays in physics we often take for granted that we can specify, at least in principle, everything about some physical object or system by giving its state. And the lego block view, that this consis ...
QUANTUM PHYSICS AND PHILOSOPHY
... place some detectors behind it. This effectively gives a chance for the quantum to go from the source through one slit or both slits to reach the detectors. What do they do? The theory tells us the following. Associated with each of the two possible paths are two complex-valued entities, say, a1 and ...
... place some detectors behind it. This effectively gives a chance for the quantum to go from the source through one slit or both slits to reach the detectors. What do they do? The theory tells us the following. Associated with each of the two possible paths are two complex-valued entities, say, a1 and ...
Introduction to quantum statistical thermodynamics by Armen
... including a pure state |ψ⟩⟨ψ|, describes an ensemble of identically prepared systems. For instance, in an ideal SternGerlach experiment all particles of the upper beam together are described by the wavefunction | ↑⟩ or the pure density matix | ↑⟩⟨↑ |. The description is optimal, in the sense that al ...
... including a pure state |ψ⟩⟨ψ|, describes an ensemble of identically prepared systems. For instance, in an ideal SternGerlach experiment all particles of the upper beam together are described by the wavefunction | ↑⟩ or the pure density matix | ↑⟩⟨↑ |. The description is optimal, in the sense that al ...
an introduction to quantum mechanics - TU Dortmund
... There are observables that can be simultaneously measurable and other that can not, it depends on their dependence on momentum and position. Let two observables A and B be simultaneously measurable. Then if measuring the A and B we find the values ai and ßj respectively, the state of the system is ...
... There are observables that can be simultaneously measurable and other that can not, it depends on their dependence on momentum and position. Let two observables A and B be simultaneously measurable. Then if measuring the A and B we find the values ai and ßj respectively, the state of the system is ...
CHAP4
... have a very well-defined energy (small DE), but if remain in a state for only a short time (small Dt), the uncertainty in energy must be correspondingly greater (large DE). ...
... have a very well-defined energy (small DE), but if remain in a state for only a short time (small Dt), the uncertainty in energy must be correspondingly greater (large DE). ...
Many-Body effects in Semiconductor Nanostructures Stockholm University Licentiat Thesis
... technology, being the basis of several applications such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes and transistors. Quantum mechanical effects are of special importance in semiconductor structures and a proper understanding of these become important when creating more complex devices. The important prop ...
... technology, being the basis of several applications such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes and transistors. Quantum mechanical effects are of special importance in semiconductor structures and a proper understanding of these become important when creating more complex devices. The important prop ...
e - Physlab
... (b) Suppose the experiment is repeated with an accelerating potential of 0.5 V instead of V . How will the interference pattern change? Sketch the pattern clearly as well as the profile and compare with the original observations shown in Fig.(a) and (b). (c) If V is reduced to 0.5 V, what is the effec ...
... (b) Suppose the experiment is repeated with an accelerating potential of 0.5 V instead of V . How will the interference pattern change? Sketch the pattern clearly as well as the profile and compare with the original observations shown in Fig.(a) and (b). (c) If V is reduced to 0.5 V, what is the effec ...
Factoring 51 and 85 with 8 qubits
... presented here should be considered as such. In our opinion a genuine implementation should use no knowledge of the value of the order r—including whether or not it is a power of two—because the objective of the quantum stage of the algorithm is to calculate r. Therefore we do not regard the factori ...
... presented here should be considered as such. In our opinion a genuine implementation should use no knowledge of the value of the order r—including whether or not it is a power of two—because the objective of the quantum stage of the algorithm is to calculate r. Therefore we do not regard the factori ...
The Many- Worlds Interpreta tion of Quantum Mechanics
... the more careful formulations of some writers, is the most common form encountered in textbooks and university lectures on the subject. A physical system is described completely by a state function ...
... the more careful formulations of some writers, is the most common form encountered in textbooks and university lectures on the subject. A physical system is described completely by a state function ...
Probability amplitude
In quantum mechanics, a probability amplitude is a complex number used in describing the behaviour of systems. The modulus squared of this quantity represents a probability or probability density.Probability amplitudes provide a relationship between the wave function (or, more generally, of a quantum state vector) of a system and the results of observations of that system, a link first proposed by Max Born. Interpretation of values of a wave function as the probability amplitude is a pillar of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. In fact, the properties of the space of wave functions were being used to make physical predictions (such as emissions from atoms being at certain discrete energies) before any physical interpretation of a particular function was offered. Born was awarded half of the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for this understanding (see #References), and the probability thus calculated is sometimes called the ""Born probability"". These probabilistic concepts, namely the probability density and quantum measurements, were vigorously contested at the time by the original physicists working on the theory, such as Schrödinger and Einstein. It is the source of the mysterious consequences and philosophical difficulties in the interpretations of quantum mechanics—topics that continue to be debated even today.