Phys.Rev. D 90 (2014)
... in general: Eq. (2.18) is UV divergent if the source has infinitely thin support, and IR divergent if the source contains modes of vanishing momenta (which would only be physically consistent with an eternal source). The UV issue can be cured, for example, by using a Gaussian distribution like the o ...
... in general: Eq. (2.18) is UV divergent if the source has infinitely thin support, and IR divergent if the source contains modes of vanishing momenta (which would only be physically consistent with an eternal source). The UV issue can be cured, for example, by using a Gaussian distribution like the o ...
Steady-state quantum interference in resonance
... atoms having a single (non-degenerate) ground state. If we expand our treatment to include atoms having multiple ground states, the generalised damping terms in the density matrix equations are obtained by summing over all ground states, including degenerate states. Breit (1933), Macek (1969), Stenh ...
... atoms having a single (non-degenerate) ground state. If we expand our treatment to include atoms having multiple ground states, the generalised damping terms in the density matrix equations are obtained by summing over all ground states, including degenerate states. Breit (1933), Macek (1969), Stenh ...
introduction to fourier transforms for
... Now, what makes these seemingly harmless (and at first glance, useless) functions so useful, is best illustrated in an example. In Electrodynamics, one of the first concepts in which we are introduced, is the idea of charge, surface charge and charge density. Now, although in elementary courses, we ...
... Now, what makes these seemingly harmless (and at first glance, useless) functions so useful, is best illustrated in an example. In Electrodynamics, one of the first concepts in which we are introduced, is the idea of charge, surface charge and charge density. Now, although in elementary courses, we ...
Computational Power of the Quantum Turing Automata
... and Brassard, of oracles under which problems could be found for which a quantum machine computed the answer with certainty in polynomial time, whereas requiring a probabilistic classical machine to solve the same problem with certainty required exponential time for some inputs. Note, however, that ...
... and Brassard, of oracles under which problems could be found for which a quantum machine computed the answer with certainty in polynomial time, whereas requiring a probabilistic classical machine to solve the same problem with certainty required exponential time for some inputs. Note, however, that ...
Bell-Inequality Violations with Single Photons Entangled in Momentum and Polarization
... (two-photon, atom–photon, etc). Well-known values of η0 are 0.83 (Garg and Mermin 1987), 0.67 (Eberhard 1993), and 0.5 (Cabello and Larsson 2007). In the present experiments the issue related to detector efficiencies drops because the inequality is independent of them. As mentioned earlier, our test ...
... (two-photon, atom–photon, etc). Well-known values of η0 are 0.83 (Garg and Mermin 1987), 0.67 (Eberhard 1993), and 0.5 (Cabello and Larsson 2007). In the present experiments the issue related to detector efficiencies drops because the inequality is independent of them. As mentioned earlier, our test ...
Design and proof of concept for silicon-based quantum dot
... operations. Fault-tolerant techniques have been developed for correcting the errors, but these are only effective for error levels up to 10-4, or one accumulated error per 104 operations16. In the coded qubit scheme, a two-qubit operation (like C-NOT) is composed of a sequence of order 10 exchange c ...
... operations. Fault-tolerant techniques have been developed for correcting the errors, but these are only effective for error levels up to 10-4, or one accumulated error per 104 operations16. In the coded qubit scheme, a two-qubit operation (like C-NOT) is composed of a sequence of order 10 exchange c ...
The Monte Carlo Method in Quantum Mechanics Colin Morningstar Carnegie Mellon University
... ¾ the 1-dim simple harmonic oscillator you should be able to do the calculation after this talk! ¾ that’s how easy it is ...
... ¾ the 1-dim simple harmonic oscillator you should be able to do the calculation after this talk! ¾ that’s how easy it is ...
QUANTUM MATTERS What is the matter? Einstein`s
... a quantization process. Two basic principles for quantum systems are Unitarity and Locality, i.e., our quantum system’s Hamiltonian is Hermitian and a sum of local terms. Since every physical quantum system is subject to un-controlled perturbations and we want our Hamiltonian to represent a stable p ...
... a quantization process. Two basic principles for quantum systems are Unitarity and Locality, i.e., our quantum system’s Hamiltonian is Hermitian and a sum of local terms. Since every physical quantum system is subject to un-controlled perturbations and we want our Hamiltonian to represent a stable p ...
Probability amplitude
In quantum mechanics, a probability amplitude is a complex number used in describing the behaviour of systems. The modulus squared of this quantity represents a probability or probability density.Probability amplitudes provide a relationship between the wave function (or, more generally, of a quantum state vector) of a system and the results of observations of that system, a link first proposed by Max Born. Interpretation of values of a wave function as the probability amplitude is a pillar of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. In fact, the properties of the space of wave functions were being used to make physical predictions (such as emissions from atoms being at certain discrete energies) before any physical interpretation of a particular function was offered. Born was awarded half of the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for this understanding (see #References), and the probability thus calculated is sometimes called the ""Born probability"". These probabilistic concepts, namely the probability density and quantum measurements, were vigorously contested at the time by the original physicists working on the theory, such as Schrödinger and Einstein. It is the source of the mysterious consequences and philosophical difficulties in the interpretations of quantum mechanics—topics that continue to be debated even today.