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Somatoform Disorders 1. Somatisation Disorder
Somatoform Disorders 1. Somatisation Disorder

... not intentionally faked or under the person’s conscious control. Because of the pain and discomfort, the person experiences distress and impairment in functioning. Since much of their lives revolve around their symptoms, in some cases, people’s identities become inseparable from their symptoms, maki ...
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... England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Meyer, J, & Simpson, G. (1997). From Chlorpromazine to olanzapine: a brief history of antipsychotics. Psychopharmacology, 48(9), 1137-1139. Shen, Winston. (1999). A History of antipsychotic drug development. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 40(6), 407-414. ...
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cognitive treatment of depression

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Psychological Disorders

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Dysthymia

Dysthymia (/dɪsˈθaɪmiə/ dis-THY-mee-ə, from Ancient Greek δυσθυμία, ""bad state of mind""), sometimes also called neurotic depression, dysthymic disorder, or chronic depression, is a mood disorder consisting of the same cognitive and physical problems as in depression, with less severe but longer-lasting symptoms. The concept was coined by Robert Spitzer as a replacement for the term ""depressive personality"" in the late 1970s.According to the diagnosis manual DSM-IV of 1994, dysthymia is a serious state of chronic depression, which persists for at least two years (1 year for children and adolescents). Serious state of chronic depression will last at least three years, with this length of recovery, it can stay balanced enough to control it from major depressive disorder. Dysthymia is less acute and severe than major depressive disorder. As dysthymia is a chronic disorder, sufferers may experience symptoms for many years before it is diagnosed, if diagnosis occurs at all. As a result, they may believe that depression is a part of their character, so they may not even discuss their symptoms with doctors, family members, or friends.Dysthymia often co-occurs with other mental disorders. A ""double depression"" is the occurrence of episodes of major depression in addition to dysthymia. Switching between periods of dysthymic moods and periods of hypomanic moods is indicative of cyclothymia, which is a mild variant of bipolar disorder.In the DSM-5, dysthymia is replaced by persistent depressive disorder. This new condition includes both chronic major depressive disorder and the previous dysthymic disorder. The reason for this change is that there was no evidence for meaningful differences between these two conditions.
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