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Characteristics of Binge Eating Disorder in Relation
Characteristics of Binge Eating Disorder in Relation

... 1959.2 However, it first appeared in the DSM-IV 3 as a provisional diagnosis that required further study. Thus, individuals meeting the criteria for BED were diagnosed with an eating disorder not otherwise specified.3 Subsequent research has established BED as a distinct eating disorder, which led t ...
posttraumatic stress and adaptation in patients following acute
posttraumatic stress and adaptation in patients following acute

... Acute Cardiac Events‘ (TRACE) study. Although most commonly diagnosed in individuals that have experienced traumatic events such as war, natural disasters or assault, there is now increasing evidence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in individuals after onset, diagnosis, or treatment for phys ...
Preview the material
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... contained in ICD-6 and ICD-7, WHO sponsored a comprehensive review of diagnostic issues, which was conducted by the British psychiatrist Erwin Stengel. His report can be credited with having inspired many advances in diagnostic methodology--most especially the need for explicit definitions of disord ...
The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders
The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders

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DSM-5: A Comprehensive Review
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... asthma or diabetes. Learning to manage this disorder can dramatically boost your peace of mind and improve your quality of life. Far too often, people with OCD suffer in silence, unaware that their symptoms are caused by a neurobiological problem. An abundance of research indicates that the disorder ...
1 EFFECT OF MBSR ON RUMINATION COULD MBSR REDUCE
1 EFFECT OF MBSR ON RUMINATION COULD MBSR REDUCE

... Two of the most studied mindfulness interventions are Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) and Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR). MBSR was originally developed as an intervention for outpatients with stress, chronic pain, and illness (KabatZinn, 2003). This eight-week group program aim ...


... Copyright 2013, American Psychiatric Association. APA makes this practice guideline freely available to promote its dissemination and use; however, copyright protections are enforced in full. No part of this guideline may be reproduced except as permitted under Sections 107 and 108 of U.S. Copyright ...
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Bipolar II disorder

Bipolar II disorder (BP-II; pronounced ""type two bipolar disorder"") is a bipolar spectrum disorder (see also Bipolar disorder) characterized by at least one episode of hypomania and at least one episode of major depression. Diagnosis for bipolar II disorder requires that the individual must never have experienced a full manic episode (unless it was caused by an antidepressant medication; otherwise one manic episode meets the criteria for bipolar I disorder). Symptoms of mania and hypomania are similar, though mania is more severe and may precipitate psychosis. The hypomanic episodes associated with bipolar II disorder must last for at least four days. Commonly, depressive episodes are more frequent and more intense than hypomanic episodes. Additionally, when compared to bipolar I disorder, type II presents more frequent depressive episodes and shorter intervals of well-being. The course of bipolar II disorder is more chronic and consists of more frequent cycling than the course of bipolar I disorder. Finally, bipolar II is associated with a greater risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors than bipolar I or unipolar depression. Although bipolar II is commonly perceived to be a milder form of Type I, this is not the case. Types I and II present equally severe burdens.Bipolar II is difficult to diagnose. Patients usually seek help when they are in a depressed state. Because the symptoms of hypomania are often mistaken for high functioning behavior or simply attributed to personality, patients are typically not aware of their hypomanic symptoms. As a result, they are unable to provide their doctor with all the information needed for an accurate assessment; these individuals are often misdiagnosed with unipolar depression. Of all individuals initially diagnosed with major depressive disorder, between 40% and 50% will later be diagnosed with either BP-I or BP-II. Substance abuse disorders (which have high comorbidity with BP-II) and periods of mixed depression may also make it more difficult to accurately identify BP-II. Despite the difficulties, it is important that BP-II individuals be correctly assessed so that they can receive the proper treatment. Antidepressant use, in the absence of mood stabilizers, is correlated with worsening BP-II symptoms.
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