Chemical Transport Model - Technical Description
... to reactive aerosols, the CTM includes a module for simulating the thermodynamic steady-state concentrations of an aerosol sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, water system (Saxena et al. 1986); and modules for simulating secondary organic aerosol production and sulfate production within cloud water. The CTM ...
... to reactive aerosols, the CTM includes a module for simulating the thermodynamic steady-state concentrations of an aerosol sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, water system (Saxena et al. 1986); and modules for simulating secondary organic aerosol production and sulfate production within cloud water. The CTM ...
synoptic and local weather conditions associated with pm2
... on days classified as Dry Tropical, Moist Moderate, or Moist Tropical in terms of air mass type. The air masses associated with high PM2.5 concentration days occur 34 percent of the time in summer and relatively infrequently the rest of the year. ...
... on days classified as Dry Tropical, Moist Moderate, or Moist Tropical in terms of air mass type. The air masses associated with high PM2.5 concentration days occur 34 percent of the time in summer and relatively infrequently the rest of the year. ...
Weather Influences on Carlisle`s Air Quality
... on days classified as Dry Tropical, Moist Moderate, or Moist Tropical in terms of air mass type. The air masses associated with high PM2.5 concentration days occur 34 percent of the time in summer and relatively infrequently the rest of the year. ...
... on days classified as Dry Tropical, Moist Moderate, or Moist Tropical in terms of air mass type. The air masses associated with high PM2.5 concentration days occur 34 percent of the time in summer and relatively infrequently the rest of the year. ...
The role of aqueous-phase oxidation in the A
... fraction of OA (~20-70% by mass, Jimenez et al., 2009), and has been shown to form rapidly in the atmosphere (Volkamer et al., 2006). However, its formation has not been well-reproduced in the laboratory. Laboratory chamber experiments of SOA formed from various classes of precursors tend to produce ...
... fraction of OA (~20-70% by mass, Jimenez et al., 2009), and has been shown to form rapidly in the atmosphere (Volkamer et al., 2006). However, its formation has not been well-reproduced in the laboratory. Laboratory chamber experiments of SOA formed from various classes of precursors tend to produce ...
Accurate Measurements of Aerosol Hygroscopic
... particle partitioning of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and SVOCs, and co-condensation with water during CCN activation is poorly constrained and has been largely ignored, not only effecting predictions of particle growth in the atmosphere but also introducing ambiguity into measurements of hygros ...
... particle partitioning of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and SVOCs, and co-condensation with water during CCN activation is poorly constrained and has been largely ignored, not only effecting predictions of particle growth in the atmosphere but also introducing ambiguity into measurements of hygros ...
Size and time-resolved growth rate measurements of 1 to 5 nm
... (SMPS) utilizing a DEG UCPC as the particle detector (Iida et al., 2009; Jiang et al., 2011a). In this study, uncertainties in the measured size distribution arise from uncertainties in the chemistry-dependent activation efficiency of particles smaller than 2 nm geometric diameter using the DEG UCPC ...
... (SMPS) utilizing a DEG UCPC as the particle detector (Iida et al., 2009; Jiang et al., 2011a). In this study, uncertainties in the measured size distribution arise from uncertainties in the chemistry-dependent activation efficiency of particles smaller than 2 nm geometric diameter using the DEG UCPC ...
hygroscopic properties of aerosols. investigations of particles from
... was characterised by nearly monomodal growth distributions, which means that the particles were to a large extent internally mixed in the investigated size range. Furthermore, continuous water uptake over the whole RH range was observed instead of a gradual deliquescence, indicating that the particl ...
... was characterised by nearly monomodal growth distributions, which means that the particles were to a large extent internally mixed in the investigated size range. Furthermore, continuous water uptake over the whole RH range was observed instead of a gradual deliquescence, indicating that the particl ...
Photo-oxidation of pinonaldehyde at low NOx
... 2007), visibility (Watson, 2002) and ecosystems (Bytnerowicz et al., 2007). Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) constitutes a significant portion of particulate matter mass (PM2.5 ) (Kanakidou et al., 2005; Hallquist et al., 2009) and is a very dynamic part of the atmospheric aerosol system. Organic aer ...
... 2007), visibility (Watson, 2002) and ecosystems (Bytnerowicz et al., 2007). Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) constitutes a significant portion of particulate matter mass (PM2.5 ) (Kanakidou et al., 2005; Hallquist et al., 2009) and is a very dynamic part of the atmospheric aerosol system. Organic aer ...
Hygroscopic properties of water-soluble matter and humic
... with concentrations of about 140–290 mg/l. Dry ISOM extracts were dissolved in MilliQ-water, by using an ultrasonic bath for about 20 min. Resulting concentrations were about 160–350 mg/l for the ISOM extracts. Dry NRFA, NRHA and NaHA samples were dissolved in MilliQ-water without using an ultrasoni ...
... with concentrations of about 140–290 mg/l. Dry ISOM extracts were dissolved in MilliQ-water, by using an ultrasonic bath for about 20 min. Resulting concentrations were about 160–350 mg/l for the ISOM extracts. Dry NRFA, NRHA and NaHA samples were dissolved in MilliQ-water without using an ultrasoni ...
On the formation of radiation fogs under heavily polluted
... et al., 2003; Bridgman et al., 2002). These are also areas where intense fog episodes occur frequently during the wintertime (Stevens et al., 1995). The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of sulfate production in growing, unactivated droplet populations when NH3 and HNO3 are present ...
... et al., 2003; Bridgman et al., 2002). These are also areas where intense fog episodes occur frequently during the wintertime (Stevens et al., 1995). The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of sulfate production in growing, unactivated droplet populations when NH3 and HNO3 are present ...
Gas/particle partitioning of water-soluble organic aerosol in Atlanta
... concentration (±2%), the overall estimated uncertainty for the WSOCg measurement is 7%. Measurements of aerosol organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were made with a Sunset Labs OCEC Field Analyzer (Sunset Laboratory Inc., Tigard, OR) in accordance with NIOSH method 5040 (NIOSH, 1996). The ...
... concentration (±2%), the overall estimated uncertainty for the WSOCg measurement is 7%. Measurements of aerosol organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were made with a Sunset Labs OCEC Field Analyzer (Sunset Laboratory Inc., Tigard, OR) in accordance with NIOSH method 5040 (NIOSH, 1996). The ...
The Potential Contribution of Organic Salts to New
... al., 2004) that indicate organics contribute to the growth of newly formed particles, and likely include compounds such as low-molecular weight (MW) amines and carboxylic acids (Smith et al., 2008). In general, based solely on their pure-compound vapor pressures (pL◦ ), one would not expect low-mole ...
... al., 2004) that indicate organics contribute to the growth of newly formed particles, and likely include compounds such as low-molecular weight (MW) amines and carboxylic acids (Smith et al., 2008). In general, based solely on their pure-compound vapor pressures (pL◦ ), one would not expect low-mole ...
Classifying organic materials by oxygen-to
... By comparison, data for slightly soluble compounds are still difficult to interpret, in part because of significant variability in experimental data. For instance, the reported experimental results for the CCN activity of adipic acid particles vary widely, which is perhaps related to artifacts assoc ...
... By comparison, data for slightly soluble compounds are still difficult to interpret, in part because of significant variability in experimental data. For instance, the reported experimental results for the CCN activity of adipic acid particles vary widely, which is perhaps related to artifacts assoc ...
Novel method of generation of Ca(HCO3)2 and CaCO3 aerosols
... On the regional scale, mineral dust has an impact on the visibility, air quality, and human health. On the global scale, it can not only influence radiative transfer by absorption and scattering of solar radiation, but also affect the cloud formation and cloud optical properties. Thus, mineral aeros ...
... On the regional scale, mineral dust has an impact on the visibility, air quality, and human health. On the global scale, it can not only influence radiative transfer by absorption and scattering of solar radiation, but also affect the cloud formation and cloud optical properties. Thus, mineral aeros ...
Hygroscopic growth and critical supersaturations for mixed aerosol
... et al., 2002; Ramanathan et al., 2001). Recently, Penner et al. (2004) have shown observational evidence for a substantial alteration of radiative fluxes due to the indirect aerosol effect, but this effect still accounts for one of the largest uncertainties in estimates of the climate change (IPCC, ...
... et al., 2002; Ramanathan et al., 2001). Recently, Penner et al. (2004) have shown observational evidence for a substantial alteration of radiative fluxes due to the indirect aerosol effect, but this effect still accounts for one of the largest uncertainties in estimates of the climate change (IPCC, ...
Volatility of Organic Aerosol: Evaporation of Ammonium Sulfate
... In E-AIM the activity coefficients of organic and inorganic compounds are calculated based on purely organic or inorganic aqueous solutions11,18,22 therefore neglecting the influence of AS on γSA. The water activity is calculated as a product of water activities of the water-inorganic and water-organic ...
... In E-AIM the activity coefficients of organic and inorganic compounds are calculated based on purely organic or inorganic aqueous solutions11,18,22 therefore neglecting the influence of AS on γSA. The water activity is calculated as a product of water activities of the water-inorganic and water-organic ...
Investigating Freezing Point Depression and Cirrus Cloud
... important for climate because they are optically thin in the visible wavelength range. Therefore, they allow most of the incoming solar radiation to reach the Earth’s surface. In contrast, they are strong infrared absorbers and contribute to greenhouse warming. It is important to determine temperatu ...
... important for climate because they are optically thin in the visible wavelength range. Therefore, they allow most of the incoming solar radiation to reach the Earth’s surface. In contrast, they are strong infrared absorbers and contribute to greenhouse warming. It is important to determine temperatu ...
Basic Meteorology - Northern Arizona University
... www.wrcc.dri.edu/: Western Region Climate Center at the Desert Research Institute. Huge amount of information on climate in the Western U.S. Note especially their pages on El Nino and their historical summaries (http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/climsum.html) of ...
... www.wrcc.dri.edu/: Western Region Climate Center at the Desert Research Institute. Huge amount of information on climate in the Western U.S. Note especially their pages on El Nino and their historical summaries (http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/climsum.html) of ...
A single parameter representation of hygroscopic
... Simple and accurate descriptions of cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) activity of complex atmospheric aerosols are needed to better constrain cloud resolving models, chemical transport models and global climate simulations (Koch, 2001; Chung and Seinfeld, 2002; Liu et al., 2005). Köhler theory (Köh ...
... Simple and accurate descriptions of cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) activity of complex atmospheric aerosols are needed to better constrain cloud resolving models, chemical transport models and global climate simulations (Koch, 2001; Chung and Seinfeld, 2002; Liu et al., 2005). Köhler theory (Köh ...
COURSE: Environmental and Atmospheric Physics CADEMIC YEAR
... The primary stock of knowledge provided by the course includes the fundamentals of environmental and atmospheric physics. More specifically, faced topics include: Atmospheric composition and its variability with height, thermal structure of the atmosphere, air pollution, dry and we ...
... The primary stock of knowledge provided by the course includes the fundamentals of environmental and atmospheric physics. More specifically, faced topics include: Atmospheric composition and its variability with height, thermal structure of the atmosphere, air pollution, dry and we ...
Cloud droplet activation and surface tension of mixtures of slightly
... incorporated in a Köhler model taking into account limited solubility. It has recently been suggested (Li et al., 1998; Sorjamaa et al., 2004) that partitioning of surface active organic compounds between bulk and surface in activating droplets ...
... incorporated in a Köhler model taking into account limited solubility. It has recently been suggested (Li et al., 1998; Sorjamaa et al., 2004) that partitioning of surface active organic compounds between bulk and surface in activating droplets ...
Intro to the Atmosphere
... manmade flourocarbon compounds may be depleting the ozone layer, with dire future consequences for life on the Earth. The Mesosphere and Ionosphere Above the stratosphere is the mesosphere and above that is the ionosphere (or thermosphere), where many atoms are ionized (have gained or lost electrons ...
... manmade flourocarbon compounds may be depleting the ozone layer, with dire future consequences for life on the Earth. The Mesosphere and Ionosphere Above the stratosphere is the mesosphere and above that is the ionosphere (or thermosphere), where many atoms are ionized (have gained or lost electrons ...
UNIT 5_THE ATMOSPHERE
... Humidity: The concentration of water vapour in the atmosphere. Clouds: Formed when rising air cools. How are the clouds formed?: In the areas heated by the Sun, the water evaporates and goes up to the troposphere. In the high part of the troposphere, the water vapour cools down. The cold vapor is co ...
... Humidity: The concentration of water vapour in the atmosphere. Clouds: Formed when rising air cools. How are the clouds formed?: In the areas heated by the Sun, the water evaporates and goes up to the troposphere. In the high part of the troposphere, the water vapour cools down. The cold vapor is co ...
Jon Abbatt - Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Physics
... To some degree, this depends on the setting. For example, in a large dust storm coming off the Gobi desert, the total particle surface area and mass will be overwhelmingly dominated by mineral dust. But, as this mineral dust “ages”, it will pick up a thin mixed sulfate/organic coating in addition to ...
... To some degree, this depends on the setting. For example, in a large dust storm coming off the Gobi desert, the total particle surface area and mass will be overwhelmingly dominated by mineral dust. But, as this mineral dust “ages”, it will pick up a thin mixed sulfate/organic coating in addition to ...
Particulates
Atmospheric particulate matter – also known as particulate matter (PM) or particulates – is microscopic solid or liquid matter suspended in the Earth's atmosphere. The term aerosol commonly refers to the particulate/air mixture, as opposed to the particulate matter alone. Sources of particulate matter can be man-made or natural. They have impacts on climate and precipitation that adversely affect human health. Subtypes of atmospheric particle matter include suspended particulate matter (SPM), respirable suspended particle (RSP; particles with diameter of 10 micrometres or less), fine particles (diameter of 2.5 micrometres or less), ultrafine particles, and soot.The IARC and WHO designate airborne particulates a Group 1 carcinogen. Particulates are the deadliest form of air pollution due to their ability to penetrate deep into the lungs and blood streams unfiltered, causing permanent DNA mutations, heart attacks, and premature death. In 2013, a study involving 312,944 people in nine European countries revealed that there was no safe level of particulates and that for every increase of 10 μg/m3 in PM10, the lung cancer rate rose 22%. The smaller PM2.5 were particularly deadly, with a 36% increase in lung cancer per 10 μg/m3 as it can penetrate deeper into the lungs.