The Female Athlete Triad
... Girls and women should be encouraged to participate in sports and to strive for excellence, but there is also an obligation on the part of health professionals responsible for their well-being to understand the influence of nutrition on reproductive and skeletal health. Low energy availability, defi ...
... Girls and women should be encouraged to participate in sports and to strive for excellence, but there is also an obligation on the part of health professionals responsible for their well-being to understand the influence of nutrition on reproductive and skeletal health. Low energy availability, defi ...
Steroid hormone receptor expression and action
... decrease bone formation, and consequently lead to a decrease in bone mass [25,26]. Excess glucocorticoids in vivo, as a result of either prolonged steroid therapy or Cushing’s syndrome, are associated with a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and in osteopenia, leading to the development of oste ...
... decrease bone formation, and consequently lead to a decrease in bone mass [25,26]. Excess glucocorticoids in vivo, as a result of either prolonged steroid therapy or Cushing’s syndrome, are associated with a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and in osteopenia, leading to the development of oste ...
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
... all patients with symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism.12 This includes those patients with substantially elevated calcium levels, as well as those with signs or symptoms of kidney stones or bone disease (e.g., fracture, osteoporosis). In asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism, parathyroidectom ...
... all patients with symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism.12 This includes those patients with substantially elevated calcium levels, as well as those with signs or symptoms of kidney stones or bone disease (e.g., fracture, osteoporosis). In asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism, parathyroidectom ...
Calcitonin, an enigmatic hormone: does it have a function?
... diuresis32. Despite these early suggestions that the function of CT may not be related to calcium metabolism, major research efforts on lower vertebrates, just as in mammals, were oriented to find effects of CT on calcium metabolism and bone. Such endeavors seem unwise in hindsight since the physiol ...
... diuresis32. Despite these early suggestions that the function of CT may not be related to calcium metabolism, major research efforts on lower vertebrates, just as in mammals, were oriented to find effects of CT on calcium metabolism and bone. Such endeavors seem unwise in hindsight since the physiol ...
Vitamin D intoxication - The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics
... In patients with severe hypercalcemia, IV hydration and diuretic treatment should be accompanied by glucocorticoids, calcitonin or preferably bisphosphonates treatment. Glucocorticoids and calcitonin have been used in the past with limited success. Glucocorticoids suppress the activity of calcitriol ...
... In patients with severe hypercalcemia, IV hydration and diuretic treatment should be accompanied by glucocorticoids, calcitonin or preferably bisphosphonates treatment. Glucocorticoids and calcitonin have been used in the past with limited success. Glucocorticoids suppress the activity of calcitriol ...
Anesthesia and parathyroid diseases
... calcium with low albumin may be corrected by adding 0.8 mg per dL (0.2 mmol per L) of calcium for each gram per dL that the albumin is below 4 g per dL (1 mmol per L). Alternatively, the serum ionized calcium level can be measured directly. Hyperparathyroidism Hyperparathyroidism is a metabolic diso ...
... calcium with low albumin may be corrected by adding 0.8 mg per dL (0.2 mmol per L) of calcium for each gram per dL that the albumin is below 4 g per dL (1 mmol per L). Alternatively, the serum ionized calcium level can be measured directly. Hyperparathyroidism Hyperparathyroidism is a metabolic diso ...
Parathyroid Glands
... PTH is synthesized as a 110 amino acid polypeptide called pre-pro-PTH It is cleaved to pro-PTH (90 amino acids) and then PTH (84 amino acids) PTH is the major storage, secreted and biologically active form of the hormone.Ca regulates synthesis, release and degradation of PTH ...
... PTH is synthesized as a 110 amino acid polypeptide called pre-pro-PTH It is cleaved to pro-PTH (90 amino acids) and then PTH (84 amino acids) PTH is the major storage, secreted and biologically active form of the hormone.Ca regulates synthesis, release and degradation of PTH ...
Calcium Homeostasis: Interactions of the Skeletal System and Other
... When all these processes return blood calcium levels to normal, there is enough calcium to bind with the receptors on the surface of the cells of the parathyroid glands, and this cycle of events is turned o (Figure 1 (Pathways in Calcium Homeostasis )). When blood levels of calcium get too high, th ...
... When all these processes return blood calcium levels to normal, there is enough calcium to bind with the receptors on the surface of the cells of the parathyroid glands, and this cycle of events is turned o (Figure 1 (Pathways in Calcium Homeostasis )). When blood levels of calcium get too high, th ...
Menopause Is Not an Estrogen Deficiency Problem
... Menopause cannot be simply explained by lack of estrogen. While estrogen deficiency may play a role in some women’s experience in most cases it does not. The key to minimizing menopausal symptoms is a balance between estrogen and progesterone. Most women in America are over their ideal body weight. ...
... Menopause cannot be simply explained by lack of estrogen. While estrogen deficiency may play a role in some women’s experience in most cases it does not. The key to minimizing menopausal symptoms is a balance between estrogen and progesterone. Most women in America are over their ideal body weight. ...
FGF23 Regulates Bone Mineralization in a 1,25(OH)2D3 and Klotho
... matrix mineralization, is a potent regulator of the mineralization process. PPi directly binds to the HA crystals, thereby inhibiting their growth and deposition onto collagen I. It is well established that increased levels of PPi in the ECM lead to impaired bone mineralization.(14,15) Conversely, a ...
... matrix mineralization, is a potent regulator of the mineralization process. PPi directly binds to the HA crystals, thereby inhibiting their growth and deposition onto collagen I. It is well established that increased levels of PPi in the ECM lead to impaired bone mineralization.(14,15) Conversely, a ...
Scapho-lunate Dissociation
... Carpal instability patterns may be classified as static or dynamic, based on the presence or absence of radiographically detectable abnormalities on routine studies. Rupture of the scapholunate interosseous ligament alone typically results in dynamic scapholunate instability, requiring abnormal stre ...
... Carpal instability patterns may be classified as static or dynamic, based on the presence or absence of radiographically detectable abnormalities on routine studies. Rupture of the scapholunate interosseous ligament alone typically results in dynamic scapholunate instability, requiring abnormal stre ...
Chapter 8 Calcium Homeostasis Introduction Calcium has a number
... resorption associated with these hormones is thought to be due to release of a variety of stimulatory factors (such as IL-1, IL-6, TNF, and others) by the osteoblasts. Osteoclast precursors respond to these factors by differentiating into mature osteoclasts; mature osteoclasts respond by increasing ...
... resorption associated with these hormones is thought to be due to release of a variety of stimulatory factors (such as IL-1, IL-6, TNF, and others) by the osteoblasts. Osteoclast precursors respond to these factors by differentiating into mature osteoclasts; mature osteoclasts respond by increasing ...
the overlooked hormone
... When taken orally, natural progesterone is almost completely degraded by the liver before it can reach the tissues that need it. Even micronized natural progesterone - now available as a prescription drug called Prometrium® - must be given in high doses to make it through the first pass through the ...
... When taken orally, natural progesterone is almost completely degraded by the liver before it can reach the tissues that need it. Even micronized natural progesterone - now available as a prescription drug called Prometrium® - must be given in high doses to make it through the first pass through the ...
Thyroid and Parathyroid glands
... Mithramycin, a cytotoxic agent, is the most effective and potent calcium chelator used to lower serum calcium levels. In most clients a single IV dose of 10 to 15 mg/kg of body weight by slow infusion can lower serum calcium levels within 48 hours. However, the toxic effects limit its use to two or ...
... Mithramycin, a cytotoxic agent, is the most effective and potent calcium chelator used to lower serum calcium levels. In most clients a single IV dose of 10 to 15 mg/kg of body weight by slow infusion can lower serum calcium levels within 48 hours. However, the toxic effects limit its use to two or ...
Figure 23-20
... Hypercortisolism: Excess cortisol in the body Cushings Syndrome: Hormonal disorder caused by prolonged exposure to excess cortisol (including iatrogenic). Signs and Symptoms Hyperglycemia Muscle protein breakdown Excess deposits of extra fat in trunk and face Thin arms and legs Thin skin ...
... Hypercortisolism: Excess cortisol in the body Cushings Syndrome: Hormonal disorder caused by prolonged exposure to excess cortisol (including iatrogenic). Signs and Symptoms Hyperglycemia Muscle protein breakdown Excess deposits of extra fat in trunk and face Thin arms and legs Thin skin ...
Serum total Osteocalcin level as a vascular marker in
... Figure 1: Osteocalcin synthesis in osteoblasts. The BGLAP gene encoding osteocalcin is mainly expressed in osteoblasts and to lesser extent odontoblasts. After transcription (which is stimulated by vitamin D) the preproosteocalcin peptide undergoes proteolysis giving rise to a prepeptide (23 aa) an ...
... Figure 1: Osteocalcin synthesis in osteoblasts. The BGLAP gene encoding osteocalcin is mainly expressed in osteoblasts and to lesser extent odontoblasts. After transcription (which is stimulated by vitamin D) the preproosteocalcin peptide undergoes proteolysis giving rise to a prepeptide (23 aa) an ...
Bone disease in anorexia nervosa
... As mentioned above, patients with anorexia nervosa may suffer permanent skeletal damage, which can imply higher fracture risk, even many years after diagnosis. Indeed, in larger epidemiological studies it has been demonstrated that patients with a lifetime history of anorexia nervosa have an increas ...
... As mentioned above, patients with anorexia nervosa may suffer permanent skeletal damage, which can imply higher fracture risk, even many years after diagnosis. Indeed, in larger epidemiological studies it has been demonstrated that patients with a lifetime history of anorexia nervosa have an increas ...
Question: 6
... around the time of puberty, and the family history are most consistent with constitutional delay in puberty. Unfortunately, other than “tincture of time,” there is no diagnostic maneuver that can confirm this diagnosis. Although a delayed bone age and prepubertal bone age are consistent with the dia ...
... around the time of puberty, and the family history are most consistent with constitutional delay in puberty. Unfortunately, other than “tincture of time,” there is no diagnostic maneuver that can confirm this diagnosis. Although a delayed bone age and prepubertal bone age are consistent with the dia ...
full text pdf
... 39 - year old non smoking female had a history of secondary amenorrhea for 3 years. She did not take any medical control for this matter since apart from menses resumption (which she believed is menopause) she did not experience any others complains. Then she desired fertility so she presented to an ...
... 39 - year old non smoking female had a history of secondary amenorrhea for 3 years. She did not take any medical control for this matter since apart from menses resumption (which she believed is menopause) she did not experience any others complains. Then she desired fertility so she presented to an ...
Full Text - J
... thyroid cells. Whole body technetium-99m scintigraphy found no abnormal bone involvement. The histological evidence was suggestive of follicular carcinoma metastasis. Surgical treatment was planned for the thyroid gland, but the patient did not consent. Two years later, the patient presented with th ...
... thyroid cells. Whole body technetium-99m scintigraphy found no abnormal bone involvement. The histological evidence was suggestive of follicular carcinoma metastasis. Surgical treatment was planned for the thyroid gland, but the patient did not consent. Two years later, the patient presented with th ...
calcium - Ipswich-Year2-Med-PBL-Gp-2
... Neuropsychiatric disturbances – A number of mild neuropsychiatric disturbances have been associated with hypercalcemia, mostly in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. The most common symptoms are • anxiety •depression •cognitive dysfunction ...
... Neuropsychiatric disturbances – A number of mild neuropsychiatric disturbances have been associated with hypercalcemia, mostly in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. The most common symptoms are • anxiety •depression •cognitive dysfunction ...
Ca/PO4
... o Bone: blocks Ca resorption from bone and stimulates Ca deposition into bone (predominant action)* o Kidney: relatively minor effects ...
... o Bone: blocks Ca resorption from bone and stimulates Ca deposition into bone (predominant action)* o Kidney: relatively minor effects ...
Subclinical hyperthyroidism: features and treatment
... levothyroxin, although the mean score remained significantly higher than that of euthyroid healthy controls14. Bone and mineral metabolism effects Women affected by endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism who were treated with antithyroid drugs for two years or with radioiodine significantly increased ...
... levothyroxin, although the mean score remained significantly higher than that of euthyroid healthy controls14. Bone and mineral metabolism effects Women affected by endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism who were treated with antithyroid drugs for two years or with radioiodine significantly increased ...
Life Technologies (India) Pvt. Ltd.
... by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands as a polypeptide containing 84 amino acids. It acts to increase the concentration of calcium (Ca2+) in the blood, whereas calcitonin (a hormone produced by the parafollicular cells (C cells) of the thyroid gland) acts to decrease calcium concentration. PT ...
... by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands as a polypeptide containing 84 amino acids. It acts to increase the concentration of calcium (Ca2+) in the blood, whereas calcitonin (a hormone produced by the parafollicular cells (C cells) of the thyroid gland) acts to decrease calcium concentration. PT ...
Parathyroid Hormone (1-34) human
... by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands as a polypeptide containing 84 amino acids. It acts to increase the concentration of calcium (Ca2+) in the blood, whereas calcitonin (a hormone produced by the parafollicular cells (C cells) of the thyroid gland) acts to decrease calcium concentration. PT ...
... by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands as a polypeptide containing 84 amino acids. It acts to increase the concentration of calcium (Ca2+) in the blood, whereas calcitonin (a hormone produced by the parafollicular cells (C cells) of the thyroid gland) acts to decrease calcium concentration. PT ...
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a disease where decreased bone strength increases the risk of a broken bone. It is the most common reason for a broken bone among people who are old. Bones that commonly break include the back bones, the bones of the forearm, and the hip. Until a broken bone occurs there are typically no symptoms. Bones may weaken to such a degree that a break may occur with minor stress or spontaneously. Chronic pain and a decreased ability to carry out normal activities may occur following a broken bone.Osteoporosis may be due to lower than normal peak bone mass and greater than normal bone loss. Bone loss increases after menopause due to lower levels of estrogen. Osteoporosis may also occur due to a number of diseases or treatments including alcoholism, anorexia, hyperthyroidism, surgical removal of the ovaries, and kidney disease. Certain medications increase the rate of bone loss including some antiseizure medications, chemotherapy, proton pump inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and steroids. Not enough exercise and smoking are also risk factors. Osteoporosis is defined as a bone density of 2.5 standard deviations below that of a young adult. This is typically measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the hip.Prevention of osteoporosis includes a proper diet during childhood and efforts to avoid medications that cause the condition. Efforts to prevent broken bones in those with osteoporosis include a good diet, exercise, and fall prevention. Lifestyle changes such as stopping smoking and not drinking alcohol may help. Medication of the bisphosphonate type are useful in those with previous broken bones due to osteoporosis. In those with osteoporosis but no previous broken bones they are less effective. A number of other medications may also be useful.Osteoporosis becomes more common with age. About 15% of white people in their 50s and 70% of those over 80 are affected. It is more common in women than men. In the developed world, depending on the method of diagnosis, 2% to 8% of males and 9% to 38% of females are affected. Rates of disease in the developing world are unclear. About 22 million women and 5.5 million men in the European Union had osteoporosis in 2010. In the United States in 2010 about eight million women and one to two million men had osteoporosis. White and Asian people are at greater risk. The word osteoporosis is from the Greek terms for ""porous bones"".