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The Global Competitiveness Report 2013–2014 - WEF
The Global Competitiveness Report 2013–2014 - WEF

... We thank Hope Steele for her excellent editing work and Neil Weinberg for his superb graphic design and layout. We are grateful to Dimitri Kaskoutas and Edoardo Campanella for their invaluable research assistance. The terms country and nation as used in this Report do not in all cases refer to a ter ...
The Global Competitiveness Report 2014–2015 - WEF
The Global Competitiveness Report 2014–2015 - WEF

... We thank Hope Steele for her superb editing work and Neil Weinberg for his excellent graphic design and layout. We are grateful to Mirza Taqi for his invaluable research assistance. The terms country and nation as used in this report do not in all cases refer to a territorial entity that is a state ...
The Global Competitiveness Report 2012–2013 - WEF
The Global Competitiveness Report 2012–2013 - WEF

... The terms country and nation as used in this report do not in all cases refer to a territorial entity that is a state as understood by international law and practice. The terms cover well-defined, geographically self-contained economic areas that may not be states but for which statistical data are ...
LF printer PDF - Online Library of Liberty
LF printer PDF - Online Library of Liberty

... The book, originally published in 1963 (with no subsequent editions), had been part of a series of works by the Volker Fund to make sure that economic teaching did not come completely under the sway of ­Keynesianism.2 Published one year earlier, in 1962, Murray Rothbard’s Man, Economy, and State pro ...
(SUPA) - Economics - Whitesboro Central School
(SUPA) - Economics - Whitesboro Central School

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THE CONTINUING RELEVANCE OF FRED - dinamia`cet-iul
THE CONTINUING RELEVANCE OF FRED - dinamia`cet-iul

... The above quotation sums up one of the most important insights developed by Fred Hirsh in Social Limits to Growth, published in 1976. This article is an effort to bring into contemporary debate the analysis forged in this remarkable and much neglected work of economic theory. As with almost all ambi ...
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... socialist, embracing an economic system in which the government owns and operates only selected sources of production. As in a communist system, there is a high level of government planning and ownership of vital industries such as transportation, utilities, and steel. The government provides such s ...
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... schools of economic thought considered that a certain form of planning was necessary for a transitional period following the war. However, whereas the pivotal membes of the Freiburg Circles, Erwin von Beckerath, Adolf Lampe and Jens Jessen, favoured ‘productive’ governmental intervention, i.e. an ec ...
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kadochnikov ge08 6483571 en

... Governments of many countries consider the attraction of foreign direct investment (hereinafter – FDI) as their priority task. It is believed that by investing companies not only contribute to GDP growth in the host country, but also provide up-to-date technologies of production and management, ther ...
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... down the foundations of a vast literature that shows how equilibrium theories could provide a plausible explanation of aggregate fluctuations of economic activity. The rest of this section is devoted to elaborating on the structure of the one-sector real business cycle model and the different multi- ...
Theoretical and Econometric Modeling of Disequilibrium
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... difficulties in finding a computationally tractable method for estimating models with more than two markets. The second is the smoothing by aggregation approach first suggested by Muellbauer (1978) and used in among others Lambert (1988). Many other recent papers estimating empirical disequilibrium ...
Introduction to Macroeconomics
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... Modeling aggregate consumer demand In nearly all economic models, the main determinant of private consumption C is disposable income. Disposable income YD is the income that remains once households have paid taxes and received transfers from the government: ...
CEN TER - Coldwell Banker Imobiliare
CEN TER - Coldwell Banker Imobiliare

... The improvement of credit terms, by successive reductions in bank interest rates and policy rate, which directly impacts the costs of the funding granted under the “Prima Casa” (First Home) program, and wage increases, both in private and state companies, resulted in an ever growing number of person ...
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... Critics also point out that the actual operation of the pricing and takeover mechanism in well functioning stock markets lead to short-termism and lower rates of long-term investment, particularly in firm specific human capital. It also generates perverse incentives, rewarding managers for their suc ...
János Kornai`s Comparative Theory and Defense of Capitalism
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... characteristics of a given system, and its general coherence: this was true for both classical socialism and capitalism. This approach is akin to the notion of institutional complementarities later developed by some institutional economists (Aoki, 2001, Amable, 2003) at the level of national forms o ...
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM)
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... Prime lending rate also has significant effects on stock market prices much in the same way as interest rate: Agenor (2000) captures these views by stating that interest rate, high inflection, large fiscal deficits and real exchange rate over-valuation are often key symptoms of macroeconomic instabi ...
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...  Largest global housing and credit bubble in history has burst.  Households, businesses and governments face tight (or no access to) credit and massive wealth destruction. ...
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... aggressive stance by the central bank against inflation may help improve business sentiment Interest rates in Brazil are now similar to 2012 levels, so there is no room for the government to save on interest payments or to execute fiscal stimuli without hurting public finances significantly. We shou ...
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Market socialism

Market socialism is a type of economic system involving the public, cooperative, or social ownership of the means of production in the framework of a market economy. Market socialism differs from non-market socialism in that the market mechanism is utilized for the allocation of capital goods and the means of production. Depending on the specific model of market socialism, profits generated by socially owned firms may variously be used to directly remunerate employees, accrue to society at large as the source of public finance, or be distributed amongst the population in a social dividend.Although economic proposals involving social ownership with factor markets have existed since the early 19th century, the term ""market socialism"" only emerged in the 1920s during the socialist calculation debate. Contemporary market socialism emerged from the debate on socialist calculation during the early-to-mid 20th century among socialist economists who believed that a socialist economy could neither function on the basis of calculation in natural units nor through solving a system of simultaneous equations for economic coordination, and that capital markets would be required in a socialist economy.Early models of market socialism trace their roots to the work of Adam Smith and the theories of classical economics, which consisted of proposals for cooperative enterprises operating in a free-market economy. The aim of such proposals was to eliminate exploitation by allowing individuals to receive the full product of their labor while removing the market-distorting effects of concentrating ownership and wealth in the hands of private owners. Among early advocates of market socialism were the Ricardian socialist economists and mutualist philosophers. In the early 20th century, Oskar Lange and Abba Lerner outlined a neoclassical model of socialism which included a role for a central planning board (CPB) in setting prices equal marginal cost to achieve Pareto efficiency. Even though these early models did not rely on genuine markets, they were labeled ""market socialist"" for their utilization of financial prices and calculation. In more recent models proposed by American neoclassical economists, public ownership of the means of production is achieved through public ownership of equity and social control of investment.Market socialism is distinguished from the concept of the mixed economy, because unlike the mixed economy, models of market socialism are complete and self-regulating systems. Market socialism is also contrasted with social democratic policies implemented within capitalist market economies: while social democracy aims to achieve greater economic stability and equality through policy measures such as taxes, subsidies and social welfare programs; market socialism aims to achieve similar goals through changing patterns of enterprise ownership and management.
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