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ISLAM
ISLAM

... Umayyads had been the clan which ruled Mecca before Muhammad Umayyad elected caliph, won civil war, established dynasty Ali murdered by caliph’s followers Established capital city at Damascus in Syria Ruled for the interests of Arabian military aristocracy ...
1. Misconception: Islam is a religion only for Arabs... The fastest way
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... 1. Misconception: Islam is a religion only for Arabs... The fastest way to prove that this is completely false is to state the fact that only about 15% to 20% of the Muslims in the world are Arabs. There are more Indian Muslims than Arab Muslims, and more Indonesian Muslims than Indian Muslims! Beli ...
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PRIMARY SOURCES: The Qur`an (“Recitation”), which Muslims
PRIMARY SOURCES: The Qur`an (“Recitation”), which Muslims

... lands under Islamic rule. Two of these copies are known to exist today. In addition, the Qur’an was preserved through memorization by the Prophet’s companions and by countless Muslims throughout history. Secondary sources of Islam beliefs and practices are the life example (“Sunnah”) and sayings (“H ...
Study Guide Bulliet, chapter 7 The Sasanid Empire and the Rise of
Study Guide Bulliet, chapter 7 The Sasanid Empire and the Rise of

... (adopted from Indian Ocean trade)  h.  Literature ­­­ The Arabian Nights, The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam  i.  Language  ­­­  spread  the  Arabic  language,  helping  to  culturally  unify  the  Muslim  world.    Arabic  the  source  of  many  English  words:  alcohol,  algebra, almanac, cipher, coffee ...
Was Islam Spread by the Sword? - The MacMillan Center Initiative
Was Islam Spread by the Sword? - The MacMillan Center Initiative

... Palestinian Christianity but it was not part of any sort of general policy. It was the result not of government action but the break down of government, The sources suggest that a crude assumption that people were offered the choice of conversion to Islam or death has little if any historical valid ...
Introduction to World Religions
Introduction to World Religions

... What are the fundamental beliefs and practices of these traditions? What are their sacred sources of divine wisdom, authority and enlightenment? What are some of the changes through history? What are the visions of salvation, liberation or religious transformation suggested by each tradition? What a ...
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Islam in Indonesia



Indonesia is constitutionally a secular state (but the government officially recognizes only six formal religions), with Islam being the dominant religion in the country. Indonesia also has a larger Muslim population than any other country in the world, with approximately 202.9 million identifying themselves as Muslim (87.2% of Indonesia's total population in 2011).Based on demographical statistics, 99% of Indonesian Muslims mainly follow the Shafi'i school of Sunni jurisprudence, although when asked, 56% does not adhere to any specific denomination. There are around one million Shias (0.5%), who are concentrated around Jakarta, and about 400,000 Ahmadi Muslims (0.2%). The remaining 0.3% are adherents of other branches including Wahhabism/Salafism etc. In general, Muslims in Indonesia can be categorized in terms of two orientations: ""modernists"" who closely adhere to orthodox theology while embracing modern learning, ""traditionalists,"" who tend to follow the interpretations of local religious leaders and religious teachers at Islamic boarding schools (pesantren).
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