Middles in German - EDOC HU - Humboldt
... verb’s first argument its second argument is linked to the subject position (i.e. to a NP assigned nominative case) in middle constructions. This second argument is normally linked to a NP assigned accusative case (i.e. the direct object) in the active counterpart (3).3 On the other hand, middle con ...
... verb’s first argument its second argument is linked to the subject position (i.e. to a NP assigned nominative case) in middle constructions. This second argument is normally linked to a NP assigned accusative case (i.e. the direct object) in the active counterpart (3).3 On the other hand, middle con ...
Clausal architecture and subject positions
... for a lot of interesting, encouraging and helpful comments (though timing was sometimes a bit of a problem). A big thank-you goes to Artemis Alexiadou for having so naturally taken care of all the doctoral students who were stranded when Ian left for Cambridge, for creating such an agreeable atmosph ...
... for a lot of interesting, encouraging and helpful comments (though timing was sometimes a bit of a problem). A big thank-you goes to Artemis Alexiadou for having so naturally taken care of all the doctoral students who were stranded when Ian left for Cambridge, for creating such an agreeable atmosph ...
Left/right asymmetries and the grammar of pre- vs. post
... fulfill his desire regarding the lemon at all. From the perspective of online syntax, the post-positioned conditional clause has a very different status from the core element – the main clause – in extract (2): instead of being projected, it is added to the syntactic unit already produced as an expa ...
... fulfill his desire regarding the lemon at all. From the perspective of online syntax, the post-positioned conditional clause has a very different status from the core element – the main clause – in extract (2): instead of being projected, it is added to the syntactic unit already produced as an expa ...
Unambiguous Argument Identification and the Distribution of Weak
... ferences which are observed with weak object pronouns in German and Dutch are symptomatic of a more basic, general difference in the organisation of the syntactic structure of the two languages. The question which is the main focus of our study is this: Provided that weak object pronouns are free t ...
... ferences which are observed with weak object pronouns in German and Dutch are symptomatic of a more basic, general difference in the organisation of the syntactic structure of the two languages. The question which is the main focus of our study is this: Provided that weak object pronouns are free t ...
Overview on Annotation of Ellipses
... - Although Helen is the oldest girl in the class, Julie is the tallest [girl] In German, the ellipsis remnant has to show strong morphological agreement in order to license the elided noun. In English, nominal ellipses after adjectives are less frequent than in German and mainly restricted to ellips ...
... - Although Helen is the oldest girl in the class, Julie is the tallest [girl] In German, the ellipsis remnant has to show strong morphological agreement in order to license the elided noun. In English, nominal ellipses after adjectives are less frequent than in German and mainly restricted to ellips ...
updated version
... prominence such as Selkirk (1995) or Truckenbrodt (1999). These works have noted that focus, intonation and constituent order requirements can be in conflict with one another, and Truckenbrodt (1999) has shown that sacrificing the canonical pattern of phonological phrasing is a strategy that some la ...
... prominence such as Selkirk (1995) or Truckenbrodt (1999). These works have noted that focus, intonation and constituent order requirements can be in conflict with one another, and Truckenbrodt (1999) has shown that sacrificing the canonical pattern of phonological phrasing is a strategy that some la ...
Münchhausen-style head movement and the analysis of verb second
... internal to a structure that has already been built. The head moved in (9) fails to ccommand its trace under a strict definition of the term: α c-commands β if the first node above α also dominates β. After movement, the first node above X in (9) is Y, and Y does not dominate the trace of X. This su ...
... internal to a structure that has already been built. The head moved in (9) fails to ccommand its trace under a strict definition of the term: α c-commands β if the first node above α also dominates β. After movement, the first node above X in (9) is Y, and Y does not dominate the trace of X. This su ...
Icelandic non-nominative subjects Facts and implications
... many NNSs are derived. If so, they obviously have interesting implications for casetheoretic approaches to subjecthood, NP-movement and EPP. In the statistical research on Icelandic case-marking reported in Barðdal (2001; see, in particular, p. 89), around 93-94% of all subjects turned out to be nom ...
... many NNSs are derived. If so, they obviously have interesting implications for casetheoretic approaches to subjecthood, NP-movement and EPP. In the statistical research on Icelandic case-marking reported in Barðdal (2001; see, in particular, p. 89), around 93-94% of all subjects turned out to be nom ...
Strategic Deception and Self-Deception in Markets - Max
... have shown how such definitions are built on the assumption that particular preconditions are met: for instance, the possibility of determining the truth and ultimately distinguishing between true and false (Harrington 2009a; Solomon 2009) as well as the intrinsically deliberate, intentional, consci ...
... have shown how such definitions are built on the assumption that particular preconditions are met: for instance, the possibility of determining the truth and ultimately distinguishing between true and false (Harrington 2009a; Solomon 2009) as well as the intrinsically deliberate, intentional, consci ...
Sprachvariation The Verb Cluster in Mennonite Low German: A New
... in great detail the data for embedded clauses with two verbal elements. Both structural and sociolinguistic analyses will be carried out. Building on the results given in section 5.1, the following sections deal with embedded clauses with three verbal elements (5.2) and with single verbs (5.3). In t ...
... in great detail the data for embedded clauses with two verbal elements. Both structural and sociolinguistic analyses will be carried out. Building on the results given in section 5.1, the following sections deal with embedded clauses with three verbal elements (5.2) and with single verbs (5.3). In t ...
- Wikimedia.org
... functions in a sentence. There are eight basic grammatical functions: case, gender, number, tense, person, mood, voice, and comparison. How words "signal" these functions is an important aspect of learning a new language. English speakers should know all of these functions and the signals used in En ...
... functions in a sentence. There are eight basic grammatical functions: case, gender, number, tense, person, mood, voice, and comparison. How words "signal" these functions is an important aspect of learning a new language. English speakers should know all of these functions and the signals used in En ...
For, zu and feature inheritance
... For this reason, it has been proposed that zu lowers in German; see e.g. von Stechow and Sternefeld (1988), Sternefeld (1990), Salzmann (2013). In the same vein, I will assume here that zu – representing the head C, which takes its complement to the right – is moved to the (rightmost) verb in the PF ...
... For this reason, it has been proposed that zu lowers in German; see e.g. von Stechow and Sternefeld (1988), Sternefeld (1990), Salzmann (2013). In the same vein, I will assume here that zu – representing the head C, which takes its complement to the right – is moved to the (rightmost) verb in the PF ...
Clause Structure and X
... generalized CP-recursion, SpecC' is not available. Although we assume that the subject is base-generated in VP (cf. in particular Koopman & Sportiche (1991)), the base-position of the subject is unavailable, at least for a definite NP, since it is not a position which can receive Nominative Case fro ...
... generalized CP-recursion, SpecC' is not available. Although we assume that the subject is base-generated in VP (cf. in particular Koopman & Sportiche (1991)), the base-position of the subject is unavailable, at least for a definite NP, since it is not a position which can receive Nominative Case fro ...
Proto-Roles and Case Selection in Optimality Theory
... The main theoretical assumptions of this paper are inspired by Dowty's (1991) Proto-Role approach and Optimality Theory (OT)1. One of the main assumptions is that all principles and constraints are violable, even if this is not stated explicitly. The OT constraints are supplemented by more general p ...
... The main theoretical assumptions of this paper are inspired by Dowty's (1991) Proto-Role approach and Optimality Theory (OT)1. One of the main assumptions is that all principles and constraints are violable, even if this is not stated explicitly. The OT constraints are supplemented by more general p ...
2002 - Henk van Riemsdijk
... auxiliaries, i.e., functional elements; the complement (such as the directional PP in (1c)) must then be a dependent of a phonetically unexpressed verb of motion which I will refer to as GO. The question, then, is how we can determine which of these two hypotheses is correct, first in a given analyt ...
... auxiliaries, i.e., functional elements; the complement (such as the directional PP in (1c)) must then be a dependent of a phonetically unexpressed verb of motion which I will refer to as GO. The question, then, is how we can determine which of these two hypotheses is correct, first in a given analyt ...
as a PDF
... Lena introduces the infinite construction: "ICH (.) KOIne fünf MEter do DRIN gwese," ('I (.) not five meters into it,') (line 279), which builds up a contrast to the joyful anticipation of the event. Again, the construction starts with the 1st person pronoun, referring to the protagonist "ICH" ('I') ...
... Lena introduces the infinite construction: "ICH (.) KOIne fünf MEter do DRIN gwese," ('I (.) not five meters into it,') (line 279), which builds up a contrast to the joyful anticipation of the event. Again, the construction starts with the 1st person pronoun, referring to the protagonist "ICH" ('I') ...
Free relative clauses: a new teaching approach for
... Free relative clauses have been thoroughly described by scientific literature and different models have been proposed. Within the Generative Grammar framework, one of the most relevant was outlined by Bresnan & Grimshaw (1978): they claimed that the wh- pronoun which introduces the free relative cla ...
... Free relative clauses have been thoroughly described by scientific literature and different models have been proposed. Within the Generative Grammar framework, one of the most relevant was outlined by Bresnan & Grimshaw (1978): they claimed that the wh- pronoun which introduces the free relative cla ...
Variation in the case system of German – linguistic analysis and
... GEN’), but not nominative. This case is exclusively linked with certain structural positions, that is to say the subject position as well as the position of a predicative nominative (cf. Er NOM ist Lehrer NOM ‘He NOM is a teacher ...
... GEN’), but not nominative. This case is exclusively linked with certain structural positions, that is to say the subject position as well as the position of a predicative nominative (cf. Er NOM ist Lehrer NOM ‘He NOM is a teacher ...
1 Dative and indirect object in German dialects: Evidence from
... (there seem to be no traces of the instrumental case functioning as such in any modern German variety). Of these three cases, dative has merged completely with accusative in some dialects; in these dialects, there is thus a two case-system distinguishing a nominative from an “objective” non-nominati ...
... (there seem to be no traces of the instrumental case functioning as such in any modern German variety). Of these three cases, dative has merged completely with accusative in some dialects; in these dialects, there is thus a two case-system distinguishing a nominative from an “objective” non-nominati ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... the system to a large extent, but there are nevertheless certain respects in which contact with the two languages has not affected the German spoken in Namibia, although in many of these respects the language of the bilinguals does feature this contact effect. In these instances, the bilinguals are ...
... the system to a large extent, but there are nevertheless certain respects in which contact with the two languages has not affected the German spoken in Namibia, although in many of these respects the language of the bilinguals does feature this contact effect. In these instances, the bilinguals are ...
functional interpretations
... involving typical uses of a noun. For instance, our knowledge of the things denoted by cage and gaol tells us that they are designed for accommodating animals and prisoners. When these nouns are converted to verbs, their object selection properties are sensitive to this knowledge. One can cage lions ...
... involving typical uses of a noun. For instance, our knowledge of the things denoted by cage and gaol tells us that they are designed for accommodating animals and prisoners. When these nouns are converted to verbs, their object selection properties are sensitive to this knowledge. One can cage lions ...
Areal-typological aspects of word
... verb with the preverb über. This form may also have been reinforced by language contact, cf. Polish prze-pracowywać się and Russian pere-rabatyvat’-sja, where the prefixes are semantically related to ‘over’. It may be worth noting that the aktionsart has a similar make up in Lithuanian: nu-si-dirbti ...
... verb with the preverb über. This form may also have been reinforced by language contact, cf. Polish prze-pracowywać się and Russian pere-rabatyvat’-sja, where the prefixes are semantically related to ‘over’. It may be worth noting that the aktionsart has a similar make up in Lithuanian: nu-si-dirbti ...
The Verbal Complex in Continental West Germanic
... multiple forms that correlate with different styles and geographic areas. To a lesser extent there is variation in Dutch. Interlanguage variation, as illustrated in 1 to 3, as well as intralanguage diversity have experienced an inconstant fate in 20th century linguistics, because such data have been ...
... multiple forms that correlate with different styles and geographic areas. To a lesser extent there is variation in Dutch. Interlanguage variation, as illustrated in 1 to 3, as well as intralanguage diversity have experienced an inconstant fate in 20th century linguistics, because such data have been ...
A Comparison of French and ... Auxiliary Verb Selection: The HAVE/BE Alternation ,.
... whether there is an identifiable commonality between the verbs in the first category which would cause them to take BE as their auxiliary in both French and German. Building on that idea, what do the verbs in List 4 have in common with the verbs in List 1 which causes all of them to select BE as th ...
... whether there is an identifiable commonality between the verbs in the first category which would cause them to take BE as their auxiliary in both French and German. Building on that idea, what do the verbs in List 4 have in common with the verbs in List 1 which causes all of them to select BE as th ...
Erzgebirgisch
Erzgebirgisch (or Aarzgebèèrgsch, pronounced [aːɰtskəpɛːɰjkʂ]) is a Central German dialect, spoken mainly in the central Erzgebirge (Ore Mountains). It has received relatively little academic attention. Due to the high mobility of the population and the resulting contact with Upper Saxon, the high emigration rate and last, but not least, its low mutual intelligibility with other dialects, the number of speakers is decreasing.