Persistent influenza C virus possesses distinct functional properties
... Fig. 3. Kinetics of virus attachment to cell surfaces. InfluenzaC/Ann Arbor/l/50 virus (a to d) and its persistent variant (C/AA-pi; e to h) were processedin an MDCK cell attachment assay and visualizedby indirect immunofluorescence.Mock controls (a and e) are a cell control without virus. Adsorptio ...
... Fig. 3. Kinetics of virus attachment to cell surfaces. InfluenzaC/Ann Arbor/l/50 virus (a to d) and its persistent variant (C/AA-pi; e to h) were processedin an MDCK cell attachment assay and visualizedby indirect immunofluorescence.Mock controls (a and e) are a cell control without virus. Adsorptio ...
Acute Encephalitis
... (which will be discussed below), many other viruses can cause encephalitis, but in most cases, the encephalitis is milder, has fewer sequelae, and is associated with lower mortality rates (table 1). The enteroviruses (coxsackieviruses and echoviruses) are the commonest causes of acute viral meningit ...
... (which will be discussed below), many other viruses can cause encephalitis, but in most cases, the encephalitis is milder, has fewer sequelae, and is associated with lower mortality rates (table 1). The enteroviruses (coxsackieviruses and echoviruses) are the commonest causes of acute viral meningit ...
Virus survival in the environment
... has been widely studied for its strong environmental stability. Virus shed from infected mammary glands was incorporated into milk micelles and fat droplets, thus affording thermal resistance (7). A portion of the viral population was found viable in contaminated milk after pasteurization at 72°C fo ...
... has been widely studied for its strong environmental stability. Virus shed from infected mammary glands was incorporated into milk micelles and fat droplets, thus affording thermal resistance (7). A portion of the viral population was found viable in contaminated milk after pasteurization at 72°C fo ...
Viral Encephalitis
... the trigeminal ganglia, which spread along sensory nerve fibers to the base of the anterior and middle ...
... the trigeminal ganglia, which spread along sensory nerve fibers to the base of the anterior and middle ...
Zika virus, emergencies, uncertainty and vulnerable populations
... Transactions of the Royal Society for Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. An experienced team of UK and US investigators, who worked on identifying and characterising mosquito-vectored viruses in Africa, identified the virus in Zika, Uganda.1,2 Working on six tree platforms in the forest separated from L ...
... Transactions of the Royal Society for Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. An experienced team of UK and US investigators, who worked on identifying and characterising mosquito-vectored viruses in Africa, identified the virus in Zika, Uganda.1,2 Working on six tree platforms in the forest separated from L ...
- IJASR International Journal of Academic Scientific
... Zika virus (ZIKAV) is a single-stranded positive RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family, it is most known for causing flaviviral infectious diseases Zika virus disease is a vector borne disease transmitted by several Aedes species such as Ae. hensilli, and Ae. Aegypti Ae. africanus, Ae. Luteocephalus. ...
... Zika virus (ZIKAV) is a single-stranded positive RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family, it is most known for causing flaviviral infectious diseases Zika virus disease is a vector borne disease transmitted by several Aedes species such as Ae. hensilli, and Ae. Aegypti Ae. africanus, Ae. Luteocephalus. ...
Infectious Bursal Disease - Hy
... times. The exact timing can be adjusted for convenience purposes, but in general, the first live IBD vaccination should be at 18–20 days of age, a second at 24–26 days, and the last at 30–32 days of age. All applications should be done with an "intermediate" vaccine strain of IBD and should preferab ...
... times. The exact timing can be adjusted for convenience purposes, but in general, the first live IBD vaccination should be at 18–20 days of age, a second at 24–26 days, and the last at 30–32 days of age. All applications should be done with an "intermediate" vaccine strain of IBD and should preferab ...
Passage of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) through
... species are food generalists who ingest large amounts of detritus and sediment in addition to traditional invertebrate prey. Although the prawns might have been exposed to virus from the water, it seems likely that the prawns kept in the tank containing the baskets with scallops became contaminated ...
... species are food generalists who ingest large amounts of detritus and sediment in addition to traditional invertebrate prey. Although the prawns might have been exposed to virus from the water, it seems likely that the prawns kept in the tank containing the baskets with scallops became contaminated ...
note for guidance on virus validation studies
... demonstration that the manufacturing process is capable of removing or inactivating them. Validation of the process for viral inactivation/removal can play an essential and important role in establishing the safety of biological products especially when there is a high potential for the source mater ...
... demonstration that the manufacturing process is capable of removing or inactivating them. Validation of the process for viral inactivation/removal can play an essential and important role in establishing the safety of biological products especially when there is a high potential for the source mater ...
Variable region of the 39 UTR is a critical virulence factor in the Far
... pathogenic) and Oshima 5-10 (low pathogenic). The replacement of the coding region for the structural and non-structural proteins from Sofjin into Oshima showed a partial increase of the viral pathogenicity in a mouse model. Oshima-based chimeric viruses with the variable region of the 39 UTR of Sof ...
... pathogenic) and Oshima 5-10 (low pathogenic). The replacement of the coding region for the structural and non-structural proteins from Sofjin into Oshima showed a partial increase of the viral pathogenicity in a mouse model. Oshima-based chimeric viruses with the variable region of the 39 UTR of Sof ...
Facts About Zika Virus
... infected mosquito. The primary mosquito that transmits Zika virus is Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito. This mosquito is found in the tropics and southern United States. It is not established in Ohio. Aedes albopictus, the Asian tiger mosquito which is established in parts of Ohio, may potent ...
... infected mosquito. The primary mosquito that transmits Zika virus is Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito. This mosquito is found in the tropics and southern United States. It is not established in Ohio. Aedes albopictus, the Asian tiger mosquito which is established in parts of Ohio, may potent ...
Citrus Virus Diseases
... later lesions become flat or raised necrotic areas leaves and fruit abscise when lesions are abundant, can get twig dieback can mechanically transmit to Chenopodium spp ...
... later lesions become flat or raised necrotic areas leaves and fruit abscise when lesions are abundant, can get twig dieback can mechanically transmit to Chenopodium spp ...
rhabdoviridae - Department of Library Services
... Rabies virus particles are bullet-shaped, measure 180 × 75 nm and consist of a nucleocapsid, 160 × 50 nm, which is surrounded by a bilayer lipid envelope, derived from host cell membranes, and through which flattened spikes or peplomers, each composed of three molecules of glycoprotein (G protein), p ...
... Rabies virus particles are bullet-shaped, measure 180 × 75 nm and consist of a nucleocapsid, 160 × 50 nm, which is surrounded by a bilayer lipid envelope, derived from host cell membranes, and through which flattened spikes or peplomers, each composed of three molecules of glycoprotein (G protein), p ...
An Effective Scheme for Email Virus Detection and
... symptoms that are common to most, if not all, viruses. Currently, an email virus is identified by the subject line of the email, the file name of the attachment, the size of the attachment, etc. However, these are different for different viruses. Also, one email virus can use arbitrary subject line, ...
... symptoms that are common to most, if not all, viruses. Currently, an email virus is identified by the subject line of the email, the file name of the attachment, the size of the attachment, etc. However, these are different for different viruses. Also, one email virus can use arbitrary subject line, ...
isolation and characterization of infectious laryngotracheitis virus in
... infection (Bauer et al., 1999; Guy & Bagust, 2003). Clinical signs associated with the severe form of the disease include gasping, depression, nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, and expectoration of bloody mucus. Upon gross examination of the trachea, characteristic severe hemorrhages and mucus plugs ...
... infection (Bauer et al., 1999; Guy & Bagust, 2003). Clinical signs associated with the severe form of the disease include gasping, depression, nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, and expectoration of bloody mucus. Upon gross examination of the trachea, characteristic severe hemorrhages and mucus plugs ...
HERPES B-VIRUS EXPOSURE PROTOCOL
... Herpes B virus management in EEP Programmes for Sulawesi Crested Macaque and Lion-Tailed Macaque There are two EEP programmes for macaque species managed by the Old World Monkey TAG. There are no reports of Herpes B in either Sulawesi Crested Macaque or Lion Tailed Macaque in the wild. There has bee ...
... Herpes B virus management in EEP Programmes for Sulawesi Crested Macaque and Lion-Tailed Macaque There are two EEP programmes for macaque species managed by the Old World Monkey TAG. There are no reports of Herpes B in either Sulawesi Crested Macaque or Lion Tailed Macaque in the wild. There has bee ...
VACCINIA VIRUS and VACCINIA VIRAL VECTORS
... Although there is no formal surveillance system in place, there have not been any reports of laboratory-acquired infection resulting from exposure to any of the above highly attenuated strains or recombinant vaccines derived from these strains in the literature or to the CDC. Appropriate biosafety g ...
... Although there is no formal surveillance system in place, there have not been any reports of laboratory-acquired infection resulting from exposure to any of the above highly attenuated strains or recombinant vaccines derived from these strains in the literature or to the CDC. Appropriate biosafety g ...
Nipah Virus: Effects of Urbanization and Climate Change
... Nipah Virus is a spherical virus that is single stranded negative sense RNA. It consists of F – fusion protein, G – attachment protein, nucleocapsid, phosphoprotein, Viral RNA, M – matrix protein and a bilayer lipid envelop [16]. After host cell samples were collected from infected pigs and humans i ...
... Nipah Virus is a spherical virus that is single stranded negative sense RNA. It consists of F – fusion protein, G – attachment protein, nucleocapsid, phosphoprotein, Viral RNA, M – matrix protein and a bilayer lipid envelop [16]. After host cell samples were collected from infected pigs and humans i ...
Zika Virus: Frequently Asked Questions What is Zika virus disease
... o Consider postponing travel to any area where Zika virus transmission is ongoing. o If you must travel to one of these areas, talk to your doctor first and strictly follow steps to prevent mosquito bites during your trip. Women who are trying to become pregnant: o Before you travel, talk to your ...
... o Consider postponing travel to any area where Zika virus transmission is ongoing. o If you must travel to one of these areas, talk to your doctor first and strictly follow steps to prevent mosquito bites during your trip. Women who are trying to become pregnant: o Before you travel, talk to your ...
Long-term survival of New Zealand rabbit haemorrhagic disease
... sequences of the viral capsids were related closely to the released Czech strain of RHDV, although the sequence from one rabbit was related most closely to a Spanish strain of RHDV. Phylogenetic analysis of the capsid sequences of 38 samples implied that there have been at least two introductions of ...
... sequences of the viral capsids were related closely to the released Czech strain of RHDV, although the sequence from one rabbit was related most closely to a Spanish strain of RHDV. Phylogenetic analysis of the capsid sequences of 38 samples implied that there have been at least two introductions of ...
REPORT ON THE ANIMAL HEALTH SITUATION IN GREENLAND
... laboratory testing was performed at the Danish Veterinary Laboratory, Copenhagen, Denmark, using the ELISA technique. It is assumed that these animals had been infected with the reindeer herpessvirus (RHV) which cross-reacts with bovine herpesvirus type 1 (Rockborn,et. al., Rangifer. 1990 Special Is ...
... laboratory testing was performed at the Danish Veterinary Laboratory, Copenhagen, Denmark, using the ELISA technique. It is assumed that these animals had been infected with the reindeer herpessvirus (RHV) which cross-reacts with bovine herpesvirus type 1 (Rockborn,et. al., Rangifer. 1990 Special Is ...
Zika Medical Information
... January 17, 2016. Pan American Health Organization • www.paho.org • © PAHO/WHO, 2016 ...
... January 17, 2016. Pan American Health Organization • www.paho.org • © PAHO/WHO, 2016 ...
safety manual - The Wildlife Rehabilitation Center of Minnesota
... to have rabies pre-exposure immunizations followed by written rabies titer results showing an adequate protective titer to the rabies vaccination. The following information clarifies this policy. What is rabies? Rabies is an infectious, deadly viral disease that affects the central nervous system. I ...
... to have rabies pre-exposure immunizations followed by written rabies titer results showing an adequate protective titer to the rabies vaccination. The following information clarifies this policy. What is rabies? Rabies is an infectious, deadly viral disease that affects the central nervous system. I ...
cucumber mosaic, and tomato spotted wilt. The tomato mosaic virus
... mosaic tends to progress more slowly than tobacco mosaic in a field or garden. ...
... mosaic tends to progress more slowly than tobacco mosaic in a field or garden. ...
Interim guidance for healthcare providers and Zika virus laboratory
... first 5 days after onset of symptoms (Figure 2). The time needed for the detection of viral RNA in blood may also depend of the viral load during the acute phase of the disease. The duration and level of viraemia in asymptomatic patients are still unknown. Because viraemia decreases over time, a neg ...
... first 5 days after onset of symptoms (Figure 2). The time needed for the detection of viral RNA in blood may also depend of the viral load during the acute phase of the disease. The duration and level of viraemia in asymptomatic patients are still unknown. Because viraemia decreases over time, a neg ...
Rabies
Rabies is a viral disease that causes acute inflammation of the brain in humans and other warm-blooded animals. Early symptoms can include fever and tingling at the site of exposure. These symptoms are followed by one or more of the following symptoms: violent movements, uncontrolled excitement, fear of water, an inability to move parts of the body, confusion, and loss of consciousness. Once symptoms appear it nearly always results in death. The time period between contracting the disease and the start of symptoms is usually one to three months; however, this time period can vary from less than one week to more than one year. The time is dependent on the distance the virus must travel to reach the central nervous system.Rabies is caused by lyssaviruses including: rabies virus and Australian bat lyssavirus. Rabies is spread when an infected animal scratches or bites another animal or human. Saliva from an infected animal can also transmit rabies if the saliva comes into contact with the mouth, nose, or eyes. Overall dogs are the most common animal involved. More than 99% of rabies cases in countries where dogs commonly have the disease are caused by dog bites. In the Americas, bat bites are the most common source of rabies infections in humans, and less than 5% of cases are from dogs. Rodents are very rarely infected with rabies. The rabies virus travels to the brain by following the peripheral nerves. The disease can only be diagnosed after the start of symptoms.Animal control and vaccination programs have decreased the risk of rabies from dogs in a number of regions of the world. Immunizing people before they are exposed is recommended for those who are at high risk. The high-risk group includes people who work with bats or who spend prolonged periods in areas of the world where rabies is common. In people who have been exposed to rabies, the rabies vaccine and sometimes rabies immunoglobulin are effective in preventing the disease if the person receives the treatment before the start of rabies symptoms. Washing bites and scratches for 15 minutes with soap and water, povidone iodine, or detergent may reduce the number of viral particles and may be somewhat effective at preventing transmission. Only a few people have survived a rabies infection after showing symptoms and this was with extensive treatment known as the Milwaukee protocol.Rabies causes about 26,000 to 55,000 deaths worldwide per year. More than 95% of these deaths occur in Asia and Africa. Rabies is present in more than 150 countries and on all continents but Antarctica. More than 3 billion people live in regions of the world where rabies occurs. A number of countries, including Australia, Canada, Japan, the United States, and Western Europe, do not have rabies among dogs. Many small island nations do not have rabies at all.