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Zoo/Bot 3333
Zoo/Bot 3333

... a) 3.7 map units; b) 7.8 map units; c) 11 map units; d) 15.4 map units; e) 22 map units. Consider the gel at the right, derived from a sequencing reaction based on the Sanger chain termination method. A ...
notes- PG 2-15 in Biology Book
notes- PG 2-15 in Biology Book

...  Give common examples of the four major compounds.  Use chemical indicators to identify the presence of organic compounds.  Explain how the amino acid sequence of a protein is related to its function.  Recognize enzymes as a type of protein the regulate all chemical reactions in an organism.  I ...
Enzymes - Website of Neelay Gandhi
Enzymes - Website of Neelay Gandhi

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Recitation 3 - MIT OpenCourseWare
Recitation 3 - MIT OpenCourseWare

... Summary of Lecture 4: Biological macromolecules- Nucleic acids and Proteins: Nucleic acids [Deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) / Ribonucleic acids (RNA)] are polymers specialized for the storage, transfer and use of genetic information. They are comprised of nucleotides (A, T, G, C and U) each of which ha ...
Egri, Shawn March 23, 2015
Egri, Shawn March 23, 2015

... aminoacylation, or the attachment of an amino acid to its corresponding tRNA. Along with catalyzing this critical procedure many aaRSs have a secondary function as well. For ThreonyltRNA synthetase (ThrRS) this is promotion of angiogenesis, or blood vessel formation. Blood vessel formation is proble ...
Enzyme - Madison Public Schools
Enzyme - Madison Public Schools

... – facilitate chemical reactions • increase rate of reaction without being consumed • reduce activation energy ...
Unit 1 Objectives: Biochemistry
Unit 1 Objectives: Biochemistry

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Catalase Lab
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Enzymes are Most Effective at Optimal Conditions
Enzymes are Most Effective at Optimal Conditions

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Enzyme Structure and Function
Enzyme Structure and Function

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Biochemistry Presentation Notes Pre-AP 14-15
Biochemistry Presentation Notes Pre-AP 14-15

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Biochemistry
Biochemistry

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Enzymes
Enzymes

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Enzyme Structure and Function11
Enzyme Structure and Function11

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Enzymes

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factors_effecting_en..

... fastest. For most enzymes this is about pH 7-8 (physiological pH of most cells), but a few enzymes can work at extreme pH, such as protease enzymes in animal stomachs, which have an optimum of pH 1 The pH affects the charge of the amino acids at the active site, so the properties of the active site ...
Biology TEST: Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Life (Form: mrk 2008)
Biology TEST: Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Life (Form: mrk 2008)

... c. Enzymes are proteins. d. Enzymes are organic catalysts. 16. Which of the following statements is true about catalysts? a. Catalysts slow down the rate of chemical reactions. b. All catalysts are enzymes. c. Catalysts are used up during a chemical reaction. d. Catalysts lower the activation energy ...
Proteins - West Branch Schools
Proteins - West Branch Schools

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... wild-type enzyme. What information does this result provide about the reaction mechanism in the wild-type enzyme? The activity of the mutant enzyme C278D was 12-fold greater than the activity of the C278N mutant. Suggest an explanation for this result. 3. Some investigators have modified Cys278 with ...
ENZYMES
ENZYMES

... it was suggested by the Nobel laureate organic chemist Emil Fischer in 1894 that this was because both the enzyme and the substrate possess specific complementary geometric shapes that fit exactly into one another. This is often referred to as "the lock and key" model. ...
Lysosomes - Lincoln-Sudbury Regional High School
Lysosomes - Lincoln-Sudbury Regional High School

... Lysosomes are very common in white blood cells, where disease and sickness are fought so a lot bacteria needs to be digested. Their shape and size vary depending on what material is digested. ...
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Proteins, Enzymes, Nucleic Acids Proteins What are the buildi

... have significant amounts of lactase, so lactose is broken down by bacterial colonies that causes gastrointestinal distress. One way of treating this is to use lactase on milk before bottling it. This will break down the lactose molecule into its monomers without losing any nutritional value. Describ ...
chapter 20 lecture (ppt file)
chapter 20 lecture (ppt file)

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MACROMOLECULE WEBQUEST
MACROMOLECULE WEBQUEST

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Biomolecules - VCS1-to-1
Biomolecules - VCS1-to-1

... • Many slow reactions are essential for an organism to survive but, are not quick enough to sustain life. • Biological catalysts are chemical agents that influence the rate of a reaction without changing or affecting the reaction. • An enzyme is a biological catalyst that allows reactions to occur a ...
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Enzyme



Enzymes /ˈɛnzaɪmz/ are macromolecular biological catalysts. Enzymes accelerate, or catalyze, chemical reactions. The molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates and the enzyme converts these into different molecules, called products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. The set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell. The study of enzymes is called enzymology.Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Most enzymes are proteins, although a few are catalytic RNA molecules. Enzymes' specificity comes from their unique three-dimensional structures.Like all catalysts, enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering its activation energy. Some enzymes can make their conversion of substrate to product occur many millions of times faster. An extreme example is orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase, which allows a reaction that would otherwise take millions of years to occur in milliseconds. Chemically, enzymes are like any catalyst and are not consumed in chemical reactions, nor do they alter the equilibrium of a reaction. Enzymes differ from most other catalysts by being much more specific. Enzyme activity can be affected by other molecules: inhibitors are molecules that decrease enzyme activity, and activators are molecules that increase activity. Many drugs and poisons are enzyme inhibitors. An enzyme's activity decreases markedly outside its optimal temperature and pH.Some enzymes are used commercially, for example, in the synthesis of antibiotics. Some household products use enzymes to speed up chemical reactions: enzymes in biological washing powders break down protein, starch or fat stains on clothes, and enzymes in meat tenderizer break down proteins into smaller molecules, making the meat easier to chew.
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