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Chem. Sci. 2016, 7, 5052-5058
Chem. Sci. 2016, 7, 5052-5058

... C. Peptides constructed with amino acids such as glutamate (Glu), tyrosine (Tyr), serine (Ser) and Lys, presenting functionalities that could in principle disturb the assemblage of the heterocyclic framework, were relatively innocent in this process, demonstrating the robustness and generality of th ...
Zero-Field Splitting in Transition Metal Complexes: Ab Initio
Zero-Field Splitting in Transition Metal Complexes: Ab Initio

... correspond to a spherical or cubic symmetry) and (ii) when SOC is sufficiently large [56]. Spin-spin coupling (SSC) is also at play [55], but usually to a lesser extent. ZFS can in principle occur in any type of systems; however, it is commonly associated with an orbitally nondegenerate ground SOF s ...
Porphyrin
Porphyrin

... Coenzyme B12 is the biologically active form of vitamin B12 (VI). The parent macrocycle, referred to as corrin, is a highly reduced tetrapyrrole with one less bridging carbon atom than the porphyrin. The B12 coenzyme and related corrinoids represent the most complex nonpolymeric structures found in ...
Chemistry in Society - Cathkin High School
Chemistry in Society - Cathkin High School

... tons per annum more versatile than continuous as they can be used form ore than one reaction more suited for multi step reactions or when reaction time is long ...
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IntroS09

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Chapter 15
Chapter 15

... • An example is trypsin, a digestive enzyme. • It is synthesized and stored as trypsinogen, which has no enzyme activity. • It becomes active only after a six-amino acid fragment is hydrolyzed and removed from the N-terminal end of its chain. • Removal of this small fragment changes not only the pri ...
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS

... • Take one element at a time usually starting with the most complex substance. • It is usually better to balance in this order: metals, nonmetals, hydrogen, oxygen. • If everything balances except for O2, and there is no way to balance O2 with a whole number, use a fraction or mixed number. Then, mu ...
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PDF File

... simplified version of the general velocity equation for this model that holds when ATP is subsaturating, as was the case for all experiments reported herein. 2 A random binding model is presented, although the data do not allow it to be distinguished from an ordered binding model for ATP and Im. One ...
Mechanistic Studies on the Galvanic Replacement Reaction
Mechanistic Studies on the Galvanic Replacement Reaction

... The synthesis of hollow structures in an organic phase may provide an attractive route to optical coatings by spraydeposition,14 be more amenable for subsequent surface modification,22 and add greater value to catalytic applications.24 There is also demand to use Ag nanoparticles <20 nm in size as t ...
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Chapter 19.1 Balancing Redox Equations
Chapter 19.1 Balancing Redox Equations

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Water deuteration and ortho-to-para nuclear spin ratio of H2 in

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Slide 1

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Molecular Architecture of the Exocyst Complex and its
Molecular Architecture of the Exocyst Complex and its

... (Morgera et al., MBC 2011) ...
Section 4.9 Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
Section 4.9 Oxidation–Reduction Reactions

... • Limiting Reactant – reactant that is completely consumed and limits amount of product • Reactant in excess – reactant present in greater quantity than limiting reactant • Theoretical Yield – amount of product made based on consumption of all the limiting reactant • Actual Yield – amount of product ...
thermdyn - chemmybear.com
thermdyn - chemmybear.com

... chloride. Indicate whether each factor makes the (a) When liquid water is introduced into an evacuated reaction for the formation of sodium chloride from vessel at 25C, some of the water vaporizes. Preits elements more or less exothermic. dict how the enthalpy, entropy, free energy, and temperature ...
Can sugars be produced from fatty acids? A test case for pathway
Can sugars be produced from fatty acids? A test case for pathway

... Lusk wrote that this was a figment of imagination (cf. Weinman et al., 1957). This controversy intensified in 1922 with the discovery of insulin and the extended work on diabetes. In the 1950s, experiments using a new method involving isotopically labelled compounds started to reveal the mechanism b ...
3D Models Enzyme Student Handout
3D Models Enzyme Student Handout

... ENZYMES IN ACTION KIT Introduction: Enzymes are specialized proteins that catalyze or speed up chemical reactions within cells. The substance upon which an enzyme acts is called a substrate. Substrates are small molecules. Enzymes: ...
Lecture 4 POWERPOINT here
Lecture 4 POWERPOINT here

... 02_12_polar covalent.jpg It may make a molecule polar, or… ...
Can sugars be produced from fatty acids? A test
Can sugars be produced from fatty acids? A test

... In the 1950s, experiments using a new method involving isotopically labelled compounds started to reveal the mechanism by which carbons of fatty acids are incorporated in carbohydrates. Experiments showed that labelled carbons arrived at glucose when the system was supplied with 14 C-labelled fatty ...
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- Wiley Online Library

... lies elsewhere: in an important change in the way that biologists practice their science, and its potential role in reconciling functional biology and evolutionary biology. ...
MS Word
MS Word

... rate-limiting for the basal GTPase reaction of cpSRP54, because the maximal rate constant of GTP hydrolysis (0.017 min-1; Figure 2A) is 4  104 -fold slower than the rate at which GTP dissociates from the enzyme active site (10.4 s-1; Figure 3E). Therefore, the K1/2 value obtained from the data in F ...
Main-group elements as transition metals
Main-group elements as transition metals

... labels. This type of activation by main-group species is general, as shown by the fact that several other unsaturated heavier main-group molecules, including the carbene-like :GeAr2 and :SnAr2 as well as the monovalent :GaAr species, have been recently shown to react directly with H2 (Fig. 3a and b) ...
The role of ATP in metabolism
The role of ATP in metabolism

... amides, glycosides or esters, (eg, see Eqn 13). Direct condensation reactions (which do not involve ATP) have equilibrium constants which are usually very much less than unity, reflecting the fact that water must be liberated into a medium in which its chemical potential is already very high. It is ...
aq - Haverford Alchemy
aq - Haverford Alchemy

... What is aqueous? What is an aqueous reaction? What are some types of aqueous reactions? Why might these be important? Give examples. • Aqueous reactions cannot take place without water. What do you already know about water that will help us understand aqueous reactions? Aqueous Reactions ...
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Multi-state modeling of biomolecules

Multi-state modeling of biomolecules refers to a series of techniques used to represent and compute the behaviour of biological molecules or complexes that can adopt a large number of possible functional states.Biological signaling systems often rely on complexes of biological macromolecules that can undergo several functionally significant modifications that are mutually compatible. Thus, they can exist in a very large number of functionally different states. Modeling such multi-state systems poses two problems: The problem of how to describe and specify a multi-state system (the ""specification problem"") and the problem of how to use a computer to simulate the progress of the system over time (the ""computation problem""). To address the specification problem, modelers have in recent years moved away from explicit specification of all possible states, and towards rule-based formalisms that allow for implicit model specification, including the κ-calculus, BioNetGen, the Allosteric Network Compiler and others. To tackle the computation problem, they have turned to particle-based methods that have in many cases proved more computationally efficient than population-based methods based on ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations, or the Gillespie stochastic simulation algorithm. Given current computing technology, particle-based methods are sometimes the only possible option. Particle-based simulators further fall into two categories: Non-spatial simulators such as StochSim, DYNSTOC, RuleMonkey, and NFSim and spatial simulators, including Meredys, SRSim and MCell. Modelers can thus choose from a variety of tools; the best choice depending on the particular problem. Development of faster and more powerful methods is ongoing, promising the ability to simulate ever more complex signaling processes in the future.
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