2013 46 Spring Wiring Matters
... my face – rather him than me! Nigel Redding PME Supplies While obviously agreeing with the points raised and the information in Mark Coles’ article in the November issue, I would raise a further important subject. The author describes the effects of open-circuit PEN/CEN conductors but fails to menti ...
... my face – rather him than me! Nigel Redding PME Supplies While obviously agreeing with the points raised and the information in Mark Coles’ article in the November issue, I would raise a further important subject. The author describes the effects of open-circuit PEN/CEN conductors but fails to menti ...
MehrdadMokhtariMFKE2013ABS
... standard lightning currents were applied as impulse currents. The results shown that the lightning protection system cannot completely protect the power system equipment during the high amplitude and very fast front times of discharge currents, which were experienced under CIGRE and Berger current. ...
... standard lightning currents were applied as impulse currents. The results shown that the lightning protection system cannot completely protect the power system equipment during the high amplitude and very fast front times of discharge currents, which were experienced under CIGRE and Berger current. ...
IJIREEICE 41
... The bulk of power delivery from generating plant to load centers is transported by overhead lines. The transmission line conductors not only have to be physically connected to the support structures, but also electrically isolated from the support structures. The insulator used to perform the dual f ...
... The bulk of power delivery from generating plant to load centers is transported by overhead lines. The transmission line conductors not only have to be physically connected to the support structures, but also electrically isolated from the support structures. The insulator used to perform the dual f ...
The Electron-Positron Sea
... continuity between the two pilot effects, which being on different wires, don’t appear to be physically connected to each other. Let us first look at what must be happening in the return wire as the pilot effect moves away from the battery. Electric current must be flowing into the wire at the loca ...
... continuity between the two pilot effects, which being on different wires, don’t appear to be physically connected to each other. Let us first look at what must be happening in the return wire as the pilot effect moves away from the battery. Electric current must be flowing into the wire at the loca ...
F(t)
... Shipping a system after the infant mortality period can be done by: 1. Aging the system for that period (this can be several months) 2. Aging the system under stress – This accelerates the aging process An important stress condition is increased temperature: Burn-In The accelerating effect of temper ...
... Shipping a system after the infant mortality period can be done by: 1. Aging the system for that period (this can be several months) 2. Aging the system under stress – This accelerates the aging process An important stress condition is increased temperature: Burn-In The accelerating effect of temper ...
SEL Arc-Flash Solutions
... application of current-limiting fuses. However, the best and most direct way to reduce arc-flash hazards is to reduce fault-clearing times, thereby reducing the overall incident energy, or to eliminate the need for personnel to be in harm’s way by using remote operation. ...
... application of current-limiting fuses. However, the best and most direct way to reduce arc-flash hazards is to reduce fault-clearing times, thereby reducing the overall incident energy, or to eliminate the need for personnel to be in harm’s way by using remote operation. ...
CM1231-02SO 2, 4 and 8-Channel Low-Capacitance ESD Protection Array
... to absorb a large amount of the EOS energy, and may be more likely to fail. 3. Subsequent to the ESD/EOS event, both devices must immediately return to their original specifications, ready for an additional strike. Any deterioration in parasitics or clamping capability should be considered a failure ...
... to absorb a large amount of the EOS energy, and may be more likely to fail. 3. Subsequent to the ESD/EOS event, both devices must immediately return to their original specifications, ready for an additional strike. Any deterioration in parasitics or clamping capability should be considered a failure ...
Times-Protect Brochure
... Any one (or more) of multiple return strokes can have the pulse decay extended from 35 to 550 milliseconds. During the extended time line, continuing lightning currents can cause damage to equipment that might have survived the initial series of short duration, high current pulses. The short duratio ...
... Any one (or more) of multiple return strokes can have the pulse decay extended from 35 to 550 milliseconds. During the extended time line, continuing lightning currents can cause damage to equipment that might have survived the initial series of short duration, high current pulses. The short duratio ...
WLTS Hand-Held Test Set
... of ETU types 745-746 with an installed ground-fault protection module (with tripping function WLGFM48 or WLGFM76) can be tested using the test device. The current sensor for the neutral conductor and/or the iron-core groundfault sensor must be attached. 1. Charge the circuit breaker 2. Close the ...
... of ETU types 745-746 with an installed ground-fault protection module (with tripping function WLGFM48 or WLGFM76) can be tested using the test device. The current sensor for the neutral conductor and/or the iron-core groundfault sensor must be attached. 1. Charge the circuit breaker 2. Close the ...
Electrical Starting and Testing by
... Air Breakers: Prior to carrying out hipot test, ensure all surrounding primary connections to main equipment are properly grounded and isolated. ...
... Air Breakers: Prior to carrying out hipot test, ensure all surrounding primary connections to main equipment are properly grounded and isolated. ...
Data Sheet (current)
... This symbol advises the user that the terminal(s) so marked must not be connected to a circuit point at which the voltage with respect to earth ground exceeds 600V. This symbol adjacent to one or more terminals identifies them as being associated with ranges that may, in normal use, be subjected to ...
... This symbol advises the user that the terminal(s) so marked must not be connected to a circuit point at which the voltage with respect to earth ground exceeds 600V. This symbol adjacent to one or more terminals identifies them as being associated with ranges that may, in normal use, be subjected to ...
Optimizing the Output Configuration of Semtech Bipolar Pin Drivers
... When correcting for multiple parasitics, it is important to remember that one is attempting to approximate a continuous series L-parallel C structure. The best waveforms will be obtained when each parasitic is connected separately to the signal path and each has its own compensating component. For i ...
... When correcting for multiple parasitics, it is important to remember that one is attempting to approximate a continuous series L-parallel C structure. The best waveforms will be obtained when each parasitic is connected separately to the signal path and each has its own compensating component. For i ...
LBM Key Compliance Areas of Focus
... equipment operating at 50 volts or more must be guarded against accidental contact by use of approved cabinets or other forms of approved enclosures or by one of several means set out in the Standard. See 1910.303(g)(2)(i). These include by location in a room or similar enclosure accessible only to ...
... equipment operating at 50 volts or more must be guarded against accidental contact by use of approved cabinets or other forms of approved enclosures or by one of several means set out in the Standard. See 1910.303(g)(2)(i). These include by location in a room or similar enclosure accessible only to ...
AN-037 ESD Handling Precautions
... contained in an ESD event is concentrated into a short time period. Several thousand volts at currents of many amps are common in an ESD event, and the event is over in less than a hundred nanoseconds. When this energy is applied to a semiconductor circuit it is likely to cause immediate device fail ...
... contained in an ESD event is concentrated into a short time period. Several thousand volts at currents of many amps are common in an ESD event, and the event is over in less than a hundred nanoseconds. When this energy is applied to a semiconductor circuit it is likely to cause immediate device fail ...
Electromagnetic compatibility
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is the branch of electrical sciences which studies the unintentional generation, propagation and reception of electromagnetic energy with reference to the unwanted effects (electromagnetic interference, or EMI) that such energy may induce. The goal of EMC is the correct operation, in the same electromagnetic environment, of different equipment which use electromagnetic phenomena, and the avoidance of any interference effects.In order to achieve this, EMC pursues two different kinds of issues. Emission issues are related to the unwanted generation of electromagnetic energy by some source, and to the countermeasures which should be taken in order to reduce such generation and to avoid the escape of any remaining energies into the external environment. Susceptibility or immunity issues, in contrast, refer to the correct operation of electrical equipment, referred to as the victim, in the presence of unplanned electromagnetic disturbances.Interference mitigation and hence electromagnetic compatibility is achieved by addressing both emission and susceptibility issues, i.e., quieting the sources of interference and hardening the potential victims. The coupling path between source and victim may also be separately addressed to increase its attenuation.