On the onset of ionospheric precursors 40 min before strong
... Increases of the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) were recently reported just before strong earthquakes [see Cahyadi and Heki, 2013; Heki, 2011; Heki and Enomoto, 2013] including the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake. The TEC enhancements were considered to be possibly linked to the preparatory pha ...
... Increases of the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) were recently reported just before strong earthquakes [see Cahyadi and Heki, 2013; Heki, 2011; Heki and Enomoto, 2013] including the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake. The TEC enhancements were considered to be possibly linked to the preparatory pha ...
Probability gains of an epidemic-type aftershock sequence
... to declare that subsequent felt earthquakes are possible, but very unlikely to be stronger than the previous ones. Events occurring in the recent past in Italy have demonstrated that judgments based only on simple common seismological sense may lead one to underestimate the likelihood of strong afte ...
... to declare that subsequent felt earthquakes are possible, but very unlikely to be stronger than the previous ones. Events occurring in the recent past in Italy have demonstrated that judgments based only on simple common seismological sense may lead one to underestimate the likelihood of strong afte ...
THE NATURE OF SEISMICITY PATTERNS BEFORE LARGE
... Abstract. Various seismicity patterns before major earthquakes have been reported in the literature. They include foreshocks (broad sense), preseismic quiescence, precursory swarms, and doughnut patterns. Although many earthquakes are preceded by all, or some, of these patterns, their detail differ ...
... Abstract. Various seismicity patterns before major earthquakes have been reported in the literature. They include foreshocks (broad sense), preseismic quiescence, precursory swarms, and doughnut patterns. Although many earthquakes are preceded by all, or some, of these patterns, their detail differ ...
Urgent aftershock observation of the 2004 off the Kii Peninsula... using ocean bottom seismometers
... the upper mantle of the subducting slab. We cannot recognize any clear dipping plane formed by the hypocenters in the projected distribution (Fig. 5). Thus, most OBS-located events were intra-plate earthquakes within the down going Philippine Sea plate. There is a distinct difference between Septemb ...
... the upper mantle of the subducting slab. We cannot recognize any clear dipping plane formed by the hypocenters in the projected distribution (Fig. 5). Thus, most OBS-located events were intra-plate earthquakes within the down going Philippine Sea plate. There is a distinct difference between Septemb ...
a testable five-year forecast of moderate and large earthquakes in
... several different continental strike-slip regions, but there are likely to be exceptions in southern California. Bird and Kagan studied tectonic events, but earthquakes in volcanic and geothermal zones in southern California might have a different magnitude distribution. For these earthquakes the c ...
... several different continental strike-slip regions, but there are likely to be exceptions in southern California. Bird and Kagan studied tectonic events, but earthquakes in volcanic and geothermal zones in southern California might have a different magnitude distribution. For these earthquakes the c ...
Satellite thermal infrared anomalies associated with strong
... Vrancea tectonically active area in Romania for which anomalies can be detected using time-series satellite data, in support of lithosphere- surfacesphere-atmosphere coupling models. One of the short-term earthquake pre-signals investigated for this study was thermal anomalism, defined as sudden ris ...
... Vrancea tectonically active area in Romania for which anomalies can be detected using time-series satellite data, in support of lithosphere- surfacesphere-atmosphere coupling models. One of the short-term earthquake pre-signals investigated for this study was thermal anomalism, defined as sudden ris ...
Earthquakes: Risk, Detection, Warning, and Research
... The United States faces the possibility of large economic losses from earthquake-damaged buildings and infrastructure. The Federal Emergency Management Agency has estimated that earthquakes cost the United States, on average, over $5 billion per year. California, Oregon, and Washington account for n ...
... The United States faces the possibility of large economic losses from earthquake-damaged buildings and infrastructure. The Federal Emergency Management Agency has estimated that earthquakes cost the United States, on average, over $5 billion per year. California, Oregon, and Washington account for n ...
Testing earthquake predictions
... earthquakes found by a given authority, such as the U.S. Geological Survey. Earthquake catalogs are incomplete below some magnitude (left-censored in magnitude) because smaller events are harder to identify and locate. Moreover, unless some minimum number of stations detect ground motion, the algori ...
... earthquakes found by a given authority, such as the U.S. Geological Survey. Earthquake catalogs are incomplete below some magnitude (left-censored in magnitude) because smaller events are harder to identify and locate. Moreover, unless some minimum number of stations detect ground motion, the algori ...
Earthquake Impact Mitigation Plan
... has a history of devastating earthquakes as it falls within high seismic region. The geological structure and presence of active tectonic plates are the main reason behind occurrence of earthquakes. However, the impact of earthquakes in the capital city Kathmandu has continued to grow due; populatio ...
... has a history of devastating earthquakes as it falls within high seismic region. The geological structure and presence of active tectonic plates are the main reason behind occurrence of earthquakes. However, the impact of earthquakes in the capital city Kathmandu has continued to grow due; populatio ...
Earthquake geotechnical engineering practice
... The high seismic hazard in New Zealand and profound relevance of earthquake geotechnical engineering were demonstrated by the Canterbury Earthquake Sequence. Christchurch and Canterbury were hit hard by a series of strong earthquakes generated by previously unmapped faults located in the vicinity or ...
... The high seismic hazard in New Zealand and profound relevance of earthquake geotechnical engineering were demonstrated by the Canterbury Earthquake Sequence. Christchurch and Canterbury were hit hard by a series of strong earthquakes generated by previously unmapped faults located in the vicinity or ...
Inglés
... or extrusion, of mass occurred during the earthquake near 3.5 degrees north of the equator. The inertial axis of the planet was displaced away from the extrusion zone. Immediately the instantaneous rotational pole shifted toward the new inertial axis position. Actually, the rotation axis does not mo ...
... or extrusion, of mass occurred during the earthquake near 3.5 degrees north of the equator. The inertial axis of the planet was displaced away from the extrusion zone. Immediately the instantaneous rotational pole shifted toward the new inertial axis position. Actually, the rotation axis does not mo ...
Spatial clustering and repeating of seismic events observed along
... Figure 2. A comparison of (left) BSN catalog locations and (right) DD locations of the seismicity. (a) Map view of seismicity. (b) Depth cross section views of the seismicity. Similar and repeating events are shown by open squares. The three sequences discussed in the text are shown by solid squares ...
... Figure 2. A comparison of (left) BSN catalog locations and (right) DD locations of the seismicity. (a) Map view of seismicity. (b) Depth cross section views of the seismicity. Similar and repeating events are shown by open squares. The three sequences discussed in the text are shown by solid squares ...
Earthquake Disasters in China
... Yunnan, Hebei, Taiwan, and other eastern provinces. First, according to the geologic structure, the western inland area can be divided into Xinjiang seismotectonic zone and Qinghai–Tibet seismotectonic zone. Xinjiang seismotectonic zone: Earthquakes in this area are related to the movements of the h ...
... Yunnan, Hebei, Taiwan, and other eastern provinces. First, according to the geologic structure, the western inland area can be divided into Xinjiang seismotectonic zone and Qinghai–Tibet seismotectonic zone. Xinjiang seismotectonic zone: Earthquakes in this area are related to the movements of the h ...
Relationship between Modified Mercalli Intensity and peak ground
... level of VIII in a radius of 150 km from its source. After that, on 5th May 1930, a Mw-7.3 earthquake occurred again in southern Myanmar, generating a maximum MMI level of IX. Then, on 3rd - 4th December 1930, two earthquakes of approximately the same magnitude (~Mw 7.3) in Pyu and Yangon, respectiv ...
... level of VIII in a radius of 150 km from its source. After that, on 5th May 1930, a Mw-7.3 earthquake occurred again in southern Myanmar, generating a maximum MMI level of IX. Then, on 3rd - 4th December 1930, two earthquakes of approximately the same magnitude (~Mw 7.3) in Pyu and Yangon, respectiv ...
Postseismic stress transfer explains time clustering of large
... Due to the elastic behavior of the lithosphere over short time periods, a permanent strain and stress change is caused on surrounding faults after the occurrence of an earthquake (e.g. [15]). Such a distant trigger may increase the slow secular loading rate that would advance the time of an earthqua ...
... Due to the elastic behavior of the lithosphere over short time periods, a permanent strain and stress change is caused on surrounding faults after the occurrence of an earthquake (e.g. [15]). Such a distant trigger may increase the slow secular loading rate that would advance the time of an earthqua ...
Geodynamics of the Wadati-Benioff zone earthquakes - Earth
... or extrusion, of mass occurred during the earthquake near 3.5 degrees north of the equator. The inertial axis of the planet was displaced away from the extrusion zone. Immediately the instantaneous rotational pole shifted toward the new inertial axis position. Actually, the rotation axis does not mo ...
... or extrusion, of mass occurred during the earthquake near 3.5 degrees north of the equator. The inertial axis of the planet was displaced away from the extrusion zone. Immediately the instantaneous rotational pole shifted toward the new inertial axis position. Actually, the rotation axis does not mo ...
A Testable Five-Year Forecast of Moderate and Large Earthquakes
... many exceptions to the assumed stationarity, but they are fairly forgiving. Most of the departures from stationarity result from clusters of events following fairly large earthquakes. Such large earthquakes can alter the seismicity rather strongly, but since they are rare, the stationarity assumptio ...
... many exceptions to the assumed stationarity, but they are fairly forgiving. Most of the departures from stationarity result from clusters of events following fairly large earthquakes. Such large earthquakes can alter the seismicity rather strongly, but since they are rare, the stationarity assumptio ...
Distribution Characteristics of Geohazards Induced by the Lushan
... Dachuan-Shuangshi fault; (b) Wenchuan Earthquake area, F1. Wenchuan-Maoxian fault; F2. Beichuan-Yingxiu fault; F3. Anxian-Guanxian fault. 1.3.1 Gangoutou landslide-debris-flow Gangoutou landslide-debris-flow is located at Tangjia gully in Laochang, Tianquan County at the north end of the Dachuan-Shu ...
... Dachuan-Shuangshi fault; (b) Wenchuan Earthquake area, F1. Wenchuan-Maoxian fault; F2. Beichuan-Yingxiu fault; F3. Anxian-Guanxian fault. 1.3.1 Gangoutou landslide-debris-flow Gangoutou landslide-debris-flow is located at Tangjia gully in Laochang, Tianquan County at the north end of the Dachuan-Shu ...
Performance-Based Seismic Design Code for Buildings in Japan
... The seismic design code of buildings in Japan was revised in June 2000 to implement a performance-based structural engineering framework. The code provides two performance objectives: life safety and damage limitation of a building at two corresponding levels of earthquake motions. The design earthq ...
... The seismic design code of buildings in Japan was revised in June 2000 to implement a performance-based structural engineering framework. The code provides two performance objectives: life safety and damage limitation of a building at two corresponding levels of earthquake motions. The design earthq ...
Relocation of aftershocks, focal mechanisms and stress inversion:
... to have been occurring in the Kachchh region since historical times (Rajendran and Rajendran, 2001). It has been inferred, based on the radiocarbon dating, that an earthquake occurred between A.D. 885–1035 along the Allah Bund fault (Rajendran and Rajendran, 2001). In 1668, a moderate earthquake occ ...
... to have been occurring in the Kachchh region since historical times (Rajendran and Rajendran, 2001). It has been inferred, based on the radiocarbon dating, that an earthquake occurred between A.D. 885–1035 along the Allah Bund fault (Rajendran and Rajendran, 2001). In 1668, a moderate earthquake occ ...
Performance Study of an 8-story Steel Building Equipped with
... this building were devastated by the unprecedented earthquake (Xie et al., 2015). The deficiency of the stroke limit caused the dampers to pound repeatedly against the connection on the floor and finally wrecked the passive dampers on the first floor. This article aims to report the full rehabilitat ...
... this building were devastated by the unprecedented earthquake (Xie et al., 2015). The deficiency of the stroke limit caused the dampers to pound repeatedly against the connection on the floor and finally wrecked the passive dampers on the first floor. This article aims to report the full rehabilitat ...
case study on an existing rc building
... existing RC buildings according to Eurocode 8 and TEC’07 will be outlined and compared. Then the procedure is applied to a real case study building is selected which is exposed to 1998 Adana- Ceyhan Earthquake in Turkey, the seismic action of Ms =6.3 with a maximum ground acceleration of 0.28g It is ...
... existing RC buildings according to Eurocode 8 and TEC’07 will be outlined and compared. Then the procedure is applied to a real case study building is selected which is exposed to 1998 Adana- Ceyhan Earthquake in Turkey, the seismic action of Ms =6.3 with a maximum ground acceleration of 0.28g It is ...
Aftershock activity of the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal
... (Bollinger et al. 2014, Cattin and Avouac 2000). No clear hypocenter alignment along a shallow-dipping fault plane (which might suggest a mainshock rupture location) was identified. Most earthquakes occurred in the upper crust, at depths shallower than 10 km, corresponding to the overriding Himalaya ...
... (Bollinger et al. 2014, Cattin and Avouac 2000). No clear hypocenter alignment along a shallow-dipping fault plane (which might suggest a mainshock rupture location) was identified. Most earthquakes occurred in the upper crust, at depths shallower than 10 km, corresponding to the overriding Himalaya ...
Major Earthquakes around Taipei and a Seismic
... for earthquake magnitudes and source-to-site distances. Fig. 5 indicates that the majority of the earthquake magnitudes are below M w 6.5, with mean and SD equal to Mw 6.12 and 0.68, respectively. As for source-to-site distance, the majority of them were occurring within a distance of 100–200 km fro ...
... for earthquake magnitudes and source-to-site distances. Fig. 5 indicates that the majority of the earthquake magnitudes are below M w 6.5, with mean and SD equal to Mw 6.12 and 0.68, respectively. As for source-to-site distance, the majority of them were occurring within a distance of 100–200 km fro ...
A first-order second-moment calculation for seismic hazard
... model error of empirical relationships. This paper introduces a novel first-order second-moment (FOSM) calculation to estimate the annual rate of earthquake motion (or seismic hazard) on a probabilistic basis, including the consideration of the uncertain magnitude conversion and three other sources ...
... model error of empirical relationships. This paper introduces a novel first-order second-moment (FOSM) calculation to estimate the annual rate of earthquake motion (or seismic hazard) on a probabilistic basis, including the consideration of the uncertain magnitude conversion and three other sources ...
2010 Canterbury earthquake
The 2010 Canterbury earthquake (also known as the Christchurch earthquake or Darfield earthquake) struck the South Island of New Zealand with a moment magnitude of 7.1 at 4:35 a.m. local time on 4 September, and had a maximum perceived intensity of X (Extreme) on the Mercalli Intensity Scale. Some damaging aftershocks followed the main event, the strongest of which was a magnitude 6.3 shock that occurred on 22 February 2011. Because this aftershock was centred very close to Christchurch, it was much more destructive and resulted in the deaths of 185 people, and was felt from Invercargill to Wellington.The main shock caused widespread damage and several power outages, particularly in the city of Christchurch, New Zealand's second largest city. Two residents were seriously injured, one by a collapsing chimney and a second by flying glass. One person died of a heart attack suffered during the quake, although this could not be directly linked to the earthquake. Mass fatalities were avoided partly due to there being few houses of unreinforced construction, although this was also aided by the quake occurring during the night when most people were off the street.The earthquake's epicentre was 40 kilometres (25 mi) west of Christchurch, near the town of Darfield. The hypocentre was at a shallow depth of 10 km. A foreshock of roughly magnitude 5.8 hit five seconds before the main quake, and strong aftershocks have been reported, up to magnitude 6.3.The initial quake lasted about 40 seconds, and was felt widely across the South Island, and in the North Island as far north as New Plymouth. As the epicentre was on land away from the coast, no tsunami occurred.The National Crisis Management Centre in the basement of the Beehive in Wellington was activated, and Civil Defence declared a state of emergency for Christchurch, the Selwyn District, and the Waimakariri District, while Selwyn District, Waimakariri and Timaru activated their emergency operation centres. Initially, a curfew was established for parts of Christchurch Central City from 7:00 pm to 7:00 am in response to the earthquake. The New Zealand Army was deployed to the worst affected areas in Canterbury.Claims from the earthquake were confirmed at being between $2.75 and $3.5 billion NZD.