Integrable Lattice Models From Gauge Theory
... four-dimensional gauge theory.1 Arguably this perspective is in line with a vision relating theories in different dimensions that was offered many years ago by Michael Atiyah [4]. As we will see, Costello’s work is also a close cousin of the relationship [5] between Chern-Simons gauge theory in thre ...
... four-dimensional gauge theory.1 Arguably this perspective is in line with a vision relating theories in different dimensions that was offered many years ago by Michael Atiyah [4]. As we will see, Costello’s work is also a close cousin of the relationship [5] between Chern-Simons gauge theory in thre ...
BHs and effective quantum gravity approaches
... • Follows from the conservation of probability in quantum mechanics. ...
... • Follows from the conservation of probability in quantum mechanics. ...
Compact dimensions
... ADD Solution to the Hierarchy problem: 1. All known experiments/observations are done on the D3 brane and do not sense the extra dimensions until the energy scale of the experiment reaches the bulk scale (string tension)-1 (= TeV?) 2. Gravity propagates in all the 3+d spatial dimensions, includin ...
... ADD Solution to the Hierarchy problem: 1. All known experiments/observations are done on the D3 brane and do not sense the extra dimensions until the energy scale of the experiment reaches the bulk scale (string tension)-1 (= TeV?) 2. Gravity propagates in all the 3+d spatial dimensions, includin ...
The Hierarchy Problem and New Dimensions at a Millimeter
... In our framework physics below a TeV is very simple: It consists of the Standard Model together with a graviton propagating in 4+n dimensions. Equivalently –in four dimensional language–our theory consists of the Standard model together with the graviton and all its Kaluza-Klein (KK) excitations rec ...
... In our framework physics below a TeV is very simple: It consists of the Standard Model together with a graviton propagating in 4+n dimensions. Equivalently –in four dimensional language–our theory consists of the Standard model together with the graviton and all its Kaluza-Klein (KK) excitations rec ...
Particle physics today
... Standard Model (SM): successful theory of strong (QCD), weak and electromagnetic (EW) elementary interactions ...
... Standard Model (SM): successful theory of strong (QCD), weak and electromagnetic (EW) elementary interactions ...
The Standard Model of Particle Physics: An - LAPTh
... current, one can write it as ĒL γ µ Wµ+ τ + EL . The entity EL = should be considered as a doublet (one eL speaks of an isospin doublet) and τ ± are the raising and lowering Pauli matrices. This two-level transition is also very familiar to us from quantum mechanics as is the use of the Pauli matri ...
... current, one can write it as ĒL γ µ Wµ+ τ + EL . The entity EL = should be considered as a doublet (one eL speaks of an isospin doublet) and τ ± are the raising and lowering Pauli matrices. This two-level transition is also very familiar to us from quantum mechanics as is the use of the Pauli matri ...
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Non Abelian Gauge Theories
... the strong force, respectively, but it is the first that will be the main subject of this paper. The outline is as follows: First, I will give a brief mathematical introduction to theories with spontaneously broken continuous symmetries, beginning with Goldstone’s U (1) model and the abelian Higgs m ...
... the strong force, respectively, but it is the first that will be the main subject of this paper. The outline is as follows: First, I will give a brief mathematical introduction to theories with spontaneously broken continuous symmetries, beginning with Goldstone’s U (1) model and the abelian Higgs m ...
arXiv:1501.01596v1 [cond-mat.mtrl-sci] 3 Jan 2015
... with low background levels and low energy threshold. The range of applications is diverse: the search of dark matter in the form of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) [1] or axions [2], the detection of low-energy neutrinos, radon and neutron counting. In this context, the Spherical Propor ...
... with low background levels and low energy threshold. The range of applications is diverse: the search of dark matter in the form of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) [1] or axions [2], the detection of low-energy neutrinos, radon and neutron counting. In this context, the Spherical Propor ...
Higgs Update - Oxford Physics
... On the 4th of July 2012, ATLAS and CMS experiments announced the observation of a new narrow resonance at a mass of ~125-126 GeV. Studies of the properties of this particle are now in full force with the aim to establish if the particle is the long sought Higgs boson of the Higgs mechanism responsib ...
... On the 4th of July 2012, ATLAS and CMS experiments announced the observation of a new narrow resonance at a mass of ~125-126 GeV. Studies of the properties of this particle are now in full force with the aim to establish if the particle is the long sought Higgs boson of the Higgs mechanism responsib ...
Strings as hadrons
... that time. It was soon discovered by Yoichiro Nambu of the University of Chicago and myself (and in a slightly different form by Holger Bech Nielsen at the Niels Bohr Institute) that these amplitudes were the solution of a definite physical system that consists of extended 1D elastic strings. For th ...
... that time. It was soon discovered by Yoichiro Nambu of the University of Chicago and myself (and in a slightly different form by Holger Bech Nielsen at the Niels Bohr Institute) that these amplitudes were the solution of a definite physical system that consists of extended 1D elastic strings. For th ...
Euler Lagrange Equation
... 4- calculation of quark propagators on each gluon configuration 5- combination of quark propagators to form hadron correlators 6- Determination of lattice spacing in Gev(lattice calibration) 7- extrapolation of hadron masses as a function of bare quark masses 8- repeat the calculation using several ...
... 4- calculation of quark propagators on each gluon configuration 5- combination of quark propagators to form hadron correlators 6- Determination of lattice spacing in Gev(lattice calibration) 7- extrapolation of hadron masses as a function of bare quark masses 8- repeat the calculation using several ...
CMS Ecal Laser Monitoring System
... leptons, identifying Higgs boson decays through kinematic variables sensitive to the Higgs mass ...
... leptons, identifying Higgs boson decays through kinematic variables sensitive to the Higgs mass ...
Beyond the Standard Model at the LHC and Beyond
... … there would be no heavy nuclei … weak interactions would not be weak – Life would be impossible: everything would be radioactive Its existence is a big deal! ...
... … there would be no heavy nuclei … weak interactions would not be weak – Life would be impossible: everything would be radioactive Its existence is a big deal! ...
From Maxwell to Higgs - James Clerk Maxwell Foundation
... the relativistic quantum mechanical spin states as a result, corresponding to description of the electron and predicted the classical polarization directions. We the existence of its anti-particle, the would describe it has having two degrees positron. Processes, such as the scattering of freedom. A ...
... the relativistic quantum mechanical spin states as a result, corresponding to description of the electron and predicted the classical polarization directions. We the existence of its anti-particle, the would describe it has having two degrees positron. Processes, such as the scattering of freedom. A ...
PDF
... Most notably, the f ields that carry the three fundamental forces of the standard model of particle physics are gauge f ields: 1. Ordinary electromagnetism–considered without any magnetic charges– is a gauge theory of U (1)-symmetry-principal bundles with connection. 2. The f ields in the Yang-Mills ...
... Most notably, the f ields that carry the three fundamental forces of the standard model of particle physics are gauge f ields: 1. Ordinary electromagnetism–considered without any magnetic charges– is a gauge theory of U (1)-symmetry-principal bundles with connection. 2. The f ields in the Yang-Mills ...
What are we are made of?
... particles called quarks and gluons. How about quarks? They are regarded as fundamental particles; they do not show any substructure, and hence, they cannot be further broken up into still smaller particles. Electrons and neutrinos are regarded as fundamental particles too. Thus, electrons, neutrinos ...
... particles called quarks and gluons. How about quarks? They are regarded as fundamental particles; they do not show any substructure, and hence, they cannot be further broken up into still smaller particles. Electrons and neutrinos are regarded as fundamental particles too. Thus, electrons, neutrinos ...
2008
... we have identified a critical coupling strength, beyond which all minority atoms pair up with majority atoms, and form a Bose condensate [4]. This is the regime where the system can be effectively described as a boson-fermion mixture. We have also determined the dimer-fermion scattering length, cons ...
... we have identified a critical coupling strength, beyond which all minority atoms pair up with majority atoms, and form a Bose condensate [4]. This is the regime where the system can be effectively described as a boson-fermion mixture. We have also determined the dimer-fermion scattering length, cons ...
Neutrino mass and New Physics: Facts and Fancy
... A description of the same hypothetical process is just creation of electrons in a nuclear transition this emphasizes test of lepton number, clarifies the creation of matter components (=electrons), shows that it is as important as proton decay, suggests connections with cosmic origin of matter and ca ...
... A description of the same hypothetical process is just creation of electrons in a nuclear transition this emphasizes test of lepton number, clarifies the creation of matter components (=electrons), shows that it is as important as proton decay, suggests connections with cosmic origin of matter and ca ...
Nucleosynthesis and the time dependence of
... The successful predictions of the light element abundances in the standard model of big bang nucleosynthesis (SBBN) [ I] provides a basis to test extensions to the standard model of particle interactions. While deviations to SBBN typically induce changes in all of the light element abundance predict ...
... The successful predictions of the light element abundances in the standard model of big bang nucleosynthesis (SBBN) [ I] provides a basis to test extensions to the standard model of particle interactions. While deviations to SBBN typically induce changes in all of the light element abundance predict ...
A View of Mathematics
... The first embryo of mental picture of the mathematical world one can start from is that of a network of bewildering complexity between basic concepts. These basic concepts themselves are quite simple and are the result of a long process of “distillation" in the alembic of the human thought. Where a ...
... The first embryo of mental picture of the mathematical world one can start from is that of a network of bewildering complexity between basic concepts. These basic concepts themselves are quite simple and are the result of a long process of “distillation" in the alembic of the human thought. Where a ...
1.5 physics beyond the Standard Model
... in the last two years, driven in particular by the discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012. The existence of this scalar particle completes the SM, but also triggers many fundamental questions on its properties. The vacuum expectation value of the SM Higgs field generates masses for all the elementary ...
... in the last two years, driven in particular by the discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012. The existence of this scalar particle completes the SM, but also triggers many fundamental questions on its properties. The vacuum expectation value of the SM Higgs field generates masses for all the elementary ...
Gonzalez-MestresPreBigBang
... A superbradyonic phase in the history of the Universe with cs >> c can naturally solve the horizon problem. Similarly, deviations from standard field theory at ultra-high energy can solve the monopole problem. => In principle, no obvious need for inflation. The spatial size of the Universe is not kn ...
... A superbradyonic phase in the history of the Universe with cs >> c can naturally solve the horizon problem. Similarly, deviations from standard field theory at ultra-high energy can solve the monopole problem. => In principle, no obvious need for inflation. The spatial size of the Universe is not kn ...
1. Mathematical Principles of Modern Natural Philosophy
... This reflects a dramatic change in our philosophical understanding of nature. (iii) In order to mathematically describe quantum effects, one has to modify classical theories. This is called the process of quantization, which we will encounter in this series of monographs again and again. As an introdu ...
... This reflects a dramatic change in our philosophical understanding of nature. (iii) In order to mathematically describe quantum effects, one has to modify classical theories. This is called the process of quantization, which we will encounter in this series of monographs again and again. As an introdu ...
The Evolution of Quantum Field Theory, From QED to Grand
... Before 1970, the particle physics community was (unequally) divided concerning the relevance of quantized fields for the understanding of subatomic particles and their interactions. On hindsight, one can see clearly why the experts were negative about this approach. Foremost was the general feeling ...
... Before 1970, the particle physics community was (unequally) divided concerning the relevance of quantized fields for the understanding of subatomic particles and their interactions. On hindsight, one can see clearly why the experts were negative about this approach. Foremost was the general feeling ...
An Exceptionally Simple Theory of Everything
""An Exceptionally Simple Theory of Everything"" is a physics preprint proposing a basis for a unified field theory, very often referred to as ""E8 Theory"", which attempts to describe all known fundamental interactions in physics and to stand as a possible theory of everything. The paper was posted to the physics arXiv by Antony Garrett Lisi on November 6, 2007, and was not submitted to a peer-reviewed scientific journal. The title is a pun on the algebra used, the Lie algebra of the largest ""simple"", ""exceptional"" Lie group, E8. The paper's goal is to describe how the combined structure and dynamics of all gravitational and Standard Model particle fields, including fermions, are part of the E8 Lie algebra. In the paper, Lisi states that all three generations of fermions do not directly embed in E8 with correct quantum numbers and spins, but that they might be described via a triality transformation, noting that the theory is incomplete and that a correct description of the relationship between triality and generations, if it exists, awaits a better understanding.The theory received accolades from a few physicists amid a flurry of media coverage, but also met with widespread skepticism. Scientific American reported in March 2008 that the theory was being ""largely but not entirely ignored"" by the mainstream physics community, with a few physicists picking up the work to develop it further.In a follow-up paper, Lee Smolin proposed a spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism for obtaining the classical action in Lisi's model, and speculated on the path to its quantization.In July 2009, Jacques Distler and Skip Garibaldi published a critical paper in Communications in Mathematical Physics called ""There is no 'Theory of Everything' inside E8"", arguing that Lisi's theory, and a large class of related models, cannot work. They offer a direct proof that it is impossible to embed all three generations of fermions in E8, or to obtain even the one-generation Standard Model without the presence of an antigeneration. In response to Distler and Garibaldi's paper, Lisi argued, in a new paper ""An Explicit Embedding of Gravity and the Standard Model in E8"", peer reviewed and published in a conference proceedings, that some assumptions about fermion embeddings are unnecessary and that the antigeneration is not by itself a problem sufficient to rule out the one-generation Standard Model. In December 2010 and May 2011, Lisi wrote in the popular magazine Scientific American a feature article on the E8 Theory of Everything and an entry in the blog section of the magazine addressing some of the criticism of his theory and how it has progressed, noting that the theory is still incomplete and makes only tenuous predictions, with the three generation issue remaining as a significant problem.