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Investigation 14
Investigation 14

... the positive end. Because there is only one path for the electrons, the electron flow or the electric current is the same at all points in the circuit. That is, the amount of current flowing past point A is the same as flowing past point B, and is also the same flowing through the bulb. ...
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Chapter wise Theoretical Important Questions in Physics for Class-XII
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... Thus it follows, that, if return currents flow through a reference plane it should be of very low impedance. If individual return wires are used with only one connection to the plane the problem still exists for higher frequencies where distributed capacitive grounding of units becomes effective: i. ...
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Skin effect



Skin effect is the tendency of an alternating electric current (AC) to become distributed within a conductor such that the current density is largest near the surface of the conductor, and decreases with greater depths in the conductor. The electric current flows mainly at the ""skin"" of the conductor, between the outer surface and a level called the skin depth. The skin effect causes the effective resistance of the conductor to increase at higher frequencies where the skin depth is smaller, thus reducing the effective cross-section of the conductor. The skin effect is due to opposing eddy currents induced by the changing magnetic field resulting from the alternating current. At 60 Hz in copper, the skin depth is about 8.5 mm. At high frequencies the skin depth becomes much smaller. Increased AC resistance due to the skin effect can be mitigated by using specially woven litz wire. Because the interior of a large conductor carries so little of the current, tubular conductors such as pipe can be used to save weight and cost.
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