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Unit 12 - HKU Physics
Unit 12 - HKU Physics

... flow of heat that results is always from the high temperature object to the low temperature object. Spontaneous heat flow never proceeds in the reverse direction. The second law of thermodynamics is more restrictive than the first law; it says that of all processes that conserve energy, only those t ...
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... used is to make a sketch. 3) Circle the question being asked. 4) Underline the relevant information. 5) Cross out or ignore unimportant information. 6) Identify the zero point and any negative numbers. 2) Solve or evaluate the equation. Follow all rules of ...
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... heat. That is the way heat moves! Heat moves from an area of higher concentration (or heat) to an area of lesser heat! ...
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... The first law expresses the conservation of energy. The law was constructed from separate older conservation laws for mechanical energy in mechanics and for caloric in the theory of heat. It retrospect, the ability to rub two sticks together to produce heat flagrantly contradicts any conservation of ...
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... – Thermal – temperature same at all points of system – Mechanical – pressure same at all points of system at all time – Phase – mass of each phase about the ...
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... We can then let the gas expand its volume back to that of the larger chamber through a quasistatic isothermal expansion, where the gas does some work on the outside while it absorbs some heat, which implies that we have managed to fully convert heat into work while the gas returns to the equilibrium ...
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... subsurface in order to know where to land. Robotic probes for planetary exploration are an excellent way to acquire high quality data to groundtruth orbiting observations. The orbiting systems allow large area coverage and the ground systems provide spot validation. The ability to fly such missions ...
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... The specific heat (S.H.) of the solutions in Parts A and B can be estimated and have been provided in the Calculations sections on Data Sheets 1 and 2. Knowing the mass of the reaction solution (m) and the change in temperature (ΔT), we can calculate the heat of the reaction. We can calculate the te ...
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... Many processes in the human body represent physical phenomena or have significant physical aspect. Such processes will best be understood by means of the physical concepts and laws. These include the flow of blood; perception of sound, light and heat signals; respiratory activity of lung; deformatio ...
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kauzmann temperature and the glass transition

< 1 ... 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 ... 110 >

Thermoregulation

Thermoregulation is the ability of an organism to keep its body temperature within certain boundaries, even when the surrounding temperature is very different. A thermoconforming organism, by contrast, simply adopts the surrounding temperature as its own body temperature, thus avoiding the need for internal thermoregulation. The internal thermoregulation process is one aspect of homeostasis: a state of dynamic stability in an organism's internal conditions, maintained far from equilibrium with its environment (the study of such processes in zoology has been called physiological or physiological ecology). If the body is unable to maintain a normal temperature and it increases significantly above normal, a condition known as hyperthermia occurs. For humans, this occurs when the body is exposed to constant temperatures of approximately 55 °C (131 °F), and with prolonged exposure (longer than a few hours) at this temperature and up to around 75 °C (167 °F) death is almost inevitable. Humans may also experience lethal hyperthermia when the wet bulb temperature is sustained above 35 °C (95 °F) for six hours. The opposite condition, when body temperature decreases below normal levels, is known as hypothermia.It was not until the introduction of thermometers that any exact data on the temperature of animals could be obtained. It was then found that local differences were present, since heat production and heat loss vary considerably in different parts of the body, although the circulation of the blood tends to bring about a mean temperature of the internal parts. Hence it is important to identify the parts of the body that most closely reflect the temperature of the internal organs. Also, for such results to be comparable, the measurements must be conducted under comparable conditions. The rectum has traditionally been considered to reflect most accurately the temperature of internal parts, or in some cases of sex or species, the vagina, uterus or bladder.Occasionally the temperature of the urine as it leaves the urethra may be of use in measuring body temperature. More often the temperature is taken in the mouth, axilla, ear or groin.Some animals undergo one of various forms of dormancy where the thermoregulation process temporarily allows the body temperature to drop, thereby conserving energy. Examples include hibernating bears and torpor in bats.
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