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... available to be used safely and economically. The basic requirement for a PCM is that it must have a melting/freezing transition temperature within a useful range. For example, to provide an adequate heat storage in a DHW system, the PCM must melt and freeze around 60-75°C [9]. Ideal PCM candidates ...
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... We have already seen that it is quite easy to work out the entropy change of the surroundings from the heat change; here we will discuss more about how the entropy change of the system can be determined. The Second Law is easier to apply if we express it in terms of the Gibbs energy, G, and we saw t ...
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... • Triploblastic animals that possess a pseudocoelom are called pseudocoelomates ...
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... roughly 0.5 inches from the edge of the support plate, while the peak volumetric power generation is located at the end of the fuel meat, about 0.1 inches from the edge of the support plate. Although the heat transfer coefficient is lower in the corner of the coolant channel, this has a negligible e ...
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Arnica Aggarwal (2011)

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Chapter 19 - Clg Coils

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The Representative Particle Model - DepositOnce

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Chapter 1 - UniMasr.com • Home

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... computer. If the liquid is somewhat electrically conductive, it may be necessary to insulate certain parts of components susceptible to electromagnetic interference, such as the CPU. For these reasons, it is preferred that the liquid be dielectric. A wide variety of liquids exist for this purpose, t ...
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Entropy generation minimization of one and two

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A Multiscale Finite-element Method for Modeling Fully

... In recent years, with the availability of affordable and increasingly powerful multi-processor computational resources, it has become possible to perform finite element modeling of materials at two different continuum scales and use fine-scale results to predict macroscopic state variables and mater ...
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... to be constant across 0 < r < Ri . Tu , ρu are the temperature and the density of the unburnt reactants. δT is the flame base standoff distance. We assume that the temperature at the flame base (where the reaction rate is zero) is the burnt gas temperature, Tb . This assumption over-estimates the fl ...
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... moments of inertia. For these reasons, the contribution from rotation of atoms on their axes is essentially zero in monatomic gases, because the energy-spacing of the associated quantum levels is too large for significant thermal energy to be stored in rotation of systems such small moments of inert ...
feature article
feature article

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Thermoregulation

Thermoregulation is the ability of an organism to keep its body temperature within certain boundaries, even when the surrounding temperature is very different. A thermoconforming organism, by contrast, simply adopts the surrounding temperature as its own body temperature, thus avoiding the need for internal thermoregulation. The internal thermoregulation process is one aspect of homeostasis: a state of dynamic stability in an organism's internal conditions, maintained far from equilibrium with its environment (the study of such processes in zoology has been called physiological or physiological ecology). If the body is unable to maintain a normal temperature and it increases significantly above normal, a condition known as hyperthermia occurs. For humans, this occurs when the body is exposed to constant temperatures of approximately 55 °C (131 °F), and with prolonged exposure (longer than a few hours) at this temperature and up to around 75 °C (167 °F) death is almost inevitable. Humans may also experience lethal hyperthermia when the wet bulb temperature is sustained above 35 °C (95 °F) for six hours. The opposite condition, when body temperature decreases below normal levels, is known as hypothermia.It was not until the introduction of thermometers that any exact data on the temperature of animals could be obtained. It was then found that local differences were present, since heat production and heat loss vary considerably in different parts of the body, although the circulation of the blood tends to bring about a mean temperature of the internal parts. Hence it is important to identify the parts of the body that most closely reflect the temperature of the internal organs. Also, for such results to be comparable, the measurements must be conducted under comparable conditions. The rectum has traditionally been considered to reflect most accurately the temperature of internal parts, or in some cases of sex or species, the vagina, uterus or bladder.Occasionally the temperature of the urine as it leaves the urethra may be of use in measuring body temperature. More often the temperature is taken in the mouth, axilla, ear or groin.Some animals undergo one of various forms of dormancy where the thermoregulation process temporarily allows the body temperature to drop, thereby conserving energy. Examples include hibernating bears and torpor in bats.
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