Immunometabolism governs dendritic cell and macrophage function
... R ecent studies on intracellular metabolism in dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages provide new insights on the functioning of these critical controllers of innate and adaptive immunity. Both cell types undergo profound metabolic reprogramming in response to environmental cues, such as hypoxia or n ...
... R ecent studies on intracellular metabolism in dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages provide new insights on the functioning of these critical controllers of innate and adaptive immunity. Both cell types undergo profound metabolic reprogramming in response to environmental cues, such as hypoxia or n ...
Immunometabolism governs dendritic cell and macrophage function
... R ecent studies on intracellular metabolism in dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages provide new insights on the functioning of these critical controllers of innate and adaptive immunity. Both cell types undergo profound metabolic reprogramming in response to environmental cues, such as hypoxia or n ...
... R ecent studies on intracellular metabolism in dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages provide new insights on the functioning of these critical controllers of innate and adaptive immunity. Both cell types undergo profound metabolic reprogramming in response to environmental cues, such as hypoxia or n ...
Protozoan Parasite Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchors from a
... Cells of the macrophage lineage exposed to these microbial components synthesize high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-12 and TNF-␣, two mediators that appear to be important for the initiation of IFN-␥ synthesis by NK cells (8). Recognition of bacterial glycolipids by IFN-␥-expose ...
... Cells of the macrophage lineage exposed to these microbial components synthesize high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-12 and TNF-␣, two mediators that appear to be important for the initiation of IFN-␥ synthesis by NK cells (8). Recognition of bacterial glycolipids by IFN-␥-expose ...
Determination of the temporal pattern and importance of BALF1 expression in
... Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a vital process that helps maintain homeostasis in normal multicellular organisms. This process eliminates cells that have been produced in excess, developed improperly, or sustained DNA damage (4). The process can be induced by many different signals, but the ...
... Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a vital process that helps maintain homeostasis in normal multicellular organisms. This process eliminates cells that have been produced in excess, developed improperly, or sustained DNA damage (4). The process can be induced by many different signals, but the ...
... his thesis has focused on two unique lymphocyte subsets that play an important role in anti-tumor immune responses and interactions between these subsets. iNKT cells constitute a lymphocyte lineage sharing characteristics of both T cells and NK cells. They display a highly restricted TCR repertoire ...
Vaccinology Jeopardy.
... Lymphocytes that mediate cellmediated immunity are called ... (a) T-lymphocytes (b) B-lymphocytes (c) T4 lymphocytes ...
... Lymphocytes that mediate cellmediated immunity are called ... (a) T-lymphocytes (b) B-lymphocytes (c) T4 lymphocytes ...
PERSPECTIVES
... by the injection of sheep or mouse lymphocytes28. Lafferty and Jones concluded that the reactivity of xenogeneic cells was always less than that of allogeneic cells, a paradox that had been reported previously, but not explained adequately (reviewed in REF. 29). Over the course of a series of experi ...
... by the injection of sheep or mouse lymphocytes28. Lafferty and Jones concluded that the reactivity of xenogeneic cells was always less than that of allogeneic cells, a paradox that had been reported previously, but not explained adequately (reviewed in REF. 29). Over the course of a series of experi ...
(Delayed or Cell-Mediated) Hypersensitivity
... • T cells may encounter self-antigens that are normally "hidden" • Microorganisms may trigger autoimmunity due to molecular mimicry • Failure of the normal control mechanisms of the immune system © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... • T cells may encounter self-antigens that are normally "hidden" • Microorganisms may trigger autoimmunity due to molecular mimicry • Failure of the normal control mechanisms of the immune system © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Regulation of type 2 immunity to helminths by mast cells
... Mast cells (MCs) are a potent arm of the innate immune system and can be found in barrier tissues throughout the body. MCs are induced by cytokines such as stem cell factor (SCF), IL-3, IL-4 and IL-9 and accumulate in the inflamed tissue. In response to a wide range of infections MCs rapidly release ...
... Mast cells (MCs) are a potent arm of the innate immune system and can be found in barrier tissues throughout the body. MCs are induced by cytokines such as stem cell factor (SCF), IL-3, IL-4 and IL-9 and accumulate in the inflamed tissue. In response to a wide range of infections MCs rapidly release ...
influence of aerobic and anaerobic training on immune
... environmental toxins and harmful rays and contrast the lack of physical activity and lack of physical activity leads to the accumulation of metabolites and harmful bacteria and viruses. It is noteworthy (Amir, 2008) that the sports training a significant impact on all of the different organs of the ...
... environmental toxins and harmful rays and contrast the lack of physical activity and lack of physical activity leads to the accumulation of metabolites and harmful bacteria and viruses. It is noteworthy (Amir, 2008) that the sports training a significant impact on all of the different organs of the ...
Chapter 8 - Dr. Jennifer Capers
... Antibodies can recognize antigen alone T-cell receptors can only recognize antigen that has been processed and presented by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) ...
... Antibodies can recognize antigen alone T-cell receptors can only recognize antigen that has been processed and presented by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) ...
Nerve activates contraction
... •Crucial in the body’s defense against disease •These are complete cells, with a nucleus and organelles(segmented nucleus) •Able to move into and out of blood vessels (diapedesis) •Can move by ameboid motion •Can respond to chemicals released by damaged tissues •5, 000 to 11,000 WBC per cubic millim ...
... •Crucial in the body’s defense against disease •These are complete cells, with a nucleus and organelles(segmented nucleus) •Able to move into and out of blood vessels (diapedesis) •Can move by ameboid motion •Can respond to chemicals released by damaged tissues •5, 000 to 11,000 WBC per cubic millim ...
... this Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR), the domain interacts with different adaptor molecules that through activation of nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) and/or IFN-regulatory factors (IRF) leads to the transcription activation of a broad panel of genes (15, 16). In the respiratory tract the lung is continu ...
Chapter 4. Antigens
... Antigen: Substances that can be recognized by the surface antibody (B cells) or by the TCR when associated with MHC molecules Immunogenicity VS Antigenicity: Immunogenicity – ability to induce an antibody and/or cell-mediated immune response Antigenicity – ability to combine with the final products ...
... Antigen: Substances that can be recognized by the surface antibody (B cells) or by the TCR when associated with MHC molecules Immunogenicity VS Antigenicity: Immunogenicity – ability to induce an antibody and/or cell-mediated immune response Antigenicity – ability to combine with the final products ...
Systemically dispersed innate IL-13–expressing cells in type 2
... critically on production of the canonical type 2-associated cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 (1, 2). Although adaptive Th2 cells and follicular T cells are important sources of these cytokines (3), various innate cells, including eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells, have also been implicated as pr ...
... critically on production of the canonical type 2-associated cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 (1, 2). Although adaptive Th2 cells and follicular T cells are important sources of these cytokines (3), various innate cells, including eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells, have also been implicated as pr ...
Kuby Immunology 6/e
... Antibodies can recognize antigen alone T-cell receptors can only recognize antigen that has been processed and presented by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) ...
... Antibodies can recognize antigen alone T-cell receptors can only recognize antigen that has been processed and presented by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) ...
Pulparesponser
... For the most part, these two forms of IL-1 bind to the same cellular receptor. This receptor is composed of two related, but non-identical, subunits that transmit intracellular signals via a pathway that is mostly shared with certain other receptors. These include the Toll family of innate immune re ...
... For the most part, these two forms of IL-1 bind to the same cellular receptor. This receptor is composed of two related, but non-identical, subunits that transmit intracellular signals via a pathway that is mostly shared with certain other receptors. These include the Toll family of innate immune re ...
Specificity of primary and secondary responses
... responses induced are called secondary immune responses. During secondary immune responses the lag period is shortened and antibody level reaches a very high steady state level within few days. Since the secondary immune responses are induced rapidly (within a short time after the entry of the antig ...
... responses induced are called secondary immune responses. During secondary immune responses the lag period is shortened and antibody level reaches a very high steady state level within few days. Since the secondary immune responses are induced rapidly (within a short time after the entry of the antig ...
6. ABO and H Blood Groups
... These antibodies were called "naturally occurring", but this term is a misnomer although continued to be used.. a. Anti-A and anti-B are stimulated by agents such as bacteria, pollen or other substances present in the internal or external environment that have molecular configurations similar to the ...
... These antibodies were called "naturally occurring", but this term is a misnomer although continued to be used.. a. Anti-A and anti-B are stimulated by agents such as bacteria, pollen or other substances present in the internal or external environment that have molecular configurations similar to the ...
The role of gut-associated lymphoid tissues and mucosal defence
... and sustainment of intestinal defences. For example, probiotics can stimulate the synthesis and secretion of polymeric IgA, the antibody that coats and protects mucosal surfaces against harmful bacterial invasion. In addition, appropriate colonization with probiotics helps to produce a balanced T he ...
... and sustainment of intestinal defences. For example, probiotics can stimulate the synthesis and secretion of polymeric IgA, the antibody that coats and protects mucosal surfaces against harmful bacterial invasion. In addition, appropriate colonization with probiotics helps to produce a balanced T he ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.