General Summary - edoc
... and lupus18. Although MPs could not be clearly implicated in the pathophysiology of these diseases, significant quantitative as well as qualitative changes in MP-counts were observed in health versus disease. PMN-ectosome-counts were in particular found elevated in situations where PMN are systemica ...
... and lupus18. Although MPs could not be clearly implicated in the pathophysiology of these diseases, significant quantitative as well as qualitative changes in MP-counts were observed in health versus disease. PMN-ectosome-counts were in particular found elevated in situations where PMN are systemica ...
Can We Translate Vitamin D Immunomodulating Effect on Innate
... 3.2. VitD and Adaptive Immunity The tissue-specific synthesis of calcitriol from circulating 25(OH)VitD has been shown to be important for both T-cells and B-cells immune response. As presented in Figure 1, once activated, DCs induces intracellular activation of 25(OH)VitD, which by intracrine activ ...
... 3.2. VitD and Adaptive Immunity The tissue-specific synthesis of calcitriol from circulating 25(OH)VitD has been shown to be important for both T-cells and B-cells immune response. As presented in Figure 1, once activated, DCs induces intracellular activation of 25(OH)VitD, which by intracrine activ ...
Lymphatic
... Tonsils are lymphoid nodules in the wall of the pharynx. They fight infections of the nose, ear, and throat region. Lymph nodes are encapsulated masses of lymphoid tissue that contain lymphocytes. Lymph nodes monitor the lymph before it drains into the veins. They remove antigens and initiate approp ...
... Tonsils are lymphoid nodules in the wall of the pharynx. They fight infections of the nose, ear, and throat region. Lymph nodes are encapsulated masses of lymphoid tissue that contain lymphocytes. Lymph nodes monitor the lymph before it drains into the veins. They remove antigens and initiate approp ...
Immune Response in Infections Caused by Helminthes
... Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens. Proc. Heartworm Symposium, American Heartworm Society 1995; ...
... Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens. Proc. Heartworm Symposium, American Heartworm Society 1995; ...
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN Fc RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN
... (?Ir)-associated determinants are in close proximity to the specific antigen-binding sites on T cells but not on B cells. Effect of Pretreatment with anti-H-2 Serum on the Binding of Immune Complexes to the Fe Receptor on B cells. The previous experiment indicated that H-2-associated antigens were n ...
... (?Ir)-associated determinants are in close proximity to the specific antigen-binding sites on T cells but not on B cells. Effect of Pretreatment with anti-H-2 Serum on the Binding of Immune Complexes to the Fe Receptor on B cells. The previous experiment indicated that H-2-associated antigens were n ...
Respiratory epithelial cells orchestrate pulmonary innate immunity
... fluids, mucins and other host-defense proteins into the airways. The human trachea, bronchi and bronchioles are lined mainly by a pseudostratified epithelium whose surface is dominated by ciliated cells (Fig. 1a,b). The highly ciliated nature of primate airways is distinct from that in the mouse and ...
... fluids, mucins and other host-defense proteins into the airways. The human trachea, bronchi and bronchioles are lined mainly by a pseudostratified epithelium whose surface is dominated by ciliated cells (Fig. 1a,b). The highly ciliated nature of primate airways is distinct from that in the mouse and ...
Your Amazing Immune System - how it protects your body
... One type of lymphocyte you’d discover is the B lymphocyte or B cell. B cells produce special weapons called antibodies which stick to a pathogen and help the immune system to destroy it. Other lymphocytes are known as helper T cells and killer T cells. Helper T cells help B cells to produce antibodi ...
... One type of lymphocyte you’d discover is the B lymphocyte or B cell. B cells produce special weapons called antibodies which stick to a pathogen and help the immune system to destroy it. Other lymphocytes are known as helper T cells and killer T cells. Helper T cells help B cells to produce antibodi ...
Alternative Activation Is an Innate Response to Injury That Requires CD4
... cycle of these cells, as well as the cells and mediators that are necessary for the induction and upkeep of AAM!, have not been well characterized beyond a requirement for type 2 cytokines. This is in contrast to the type 1 proinflammatory pathway in which the interplay between innate and adaptive i ...
... cycle of these cells, as well as the cells and mediators that are necessary for the induction and upkeep of AAM!, have not been well characterized beyond a requirement for type 2 cytokines. This is in contrast to the type 1 proinflammatory pathway in which the interplay between innate and adaptive i ...
Regulation of immunity during visceral Leishmania infection
... stages, thrombocytopenia along with prothrombin depletion leads to severe mucosal hemorrhage. Jaundice and ascites also occur at advanced disease. Secondary infections, particularly tuberculosis and pneumonia, become common and are frequent causes of death [5]. Immunity to Leishmania has long been k ...
... stages, thrombocytopenia along with prothrombin depletion leads to severe mucosal hemorrhage. Jaundice and ascites also occur at advanced disease. Secondary infections, particularly tuberculosis and pneumonia, become common and are frequent causes of death [5]. Immunity to Leishmania has long been k ...
Phagocytic ability declines with age in adult Drosophila hemocytes
... roles have not been characterized in most studies because common assays, like the ability to survive and/or clear bacterial infection, combine the effects of both. Research in a variety of organisms suggests a model for how phagocytic cells destroy bacteria [reviewed in (Nordenfelt & Tapper, 2011)]. ...
... roles have not been characterized in most studies because common assays, like the ability to survive and/or clear bacterial infection, combine the effects of both. Research in a variety of organisms suggests a model for how phagocytic cells destroy bacteria [reviewed in (Nordenfelt & Tapper, 2011)]. ...
Correlates with Immunodominance Markedly over the Course of
... During the acute phase of the immune response to virus infection, the speed at which IFN-␥ synthesis is initiated (the on-rate) varies depending on the epitope specificity of the cells The primary CD8⫹ T cell response to LCMV infection peaks ⬃8 days after infection and is composed of several populat ...
... During the acute phase of the immune response to virus infection, the speed at which IFN-␥ synthesis is initiated (the on-rate) varies depending on the epitope specificity of the cells The primary CD8⫹ T cell response to LCMV infection peaks ⬃8 days after infection and is composed of several populat ...
Ontogeny, Phytogeny, and Cellular Cooperation It should not be at
... al. (1971) found that some anti-theta preparations are contaminated with antibodies directed against surface receptor sites other than theta. At least one site is present on thymus-independent (B) cells. However, in support of the view that at least some RFC are thymus dependent cells in rodents, Ba ...
... al. (1971) found that some anti-theta preparations are contaminated with antibodies directed against surface receptor sites other than theta. At least one site is present on thymus-independent (B) cells. However, in support of the view that at least some RFC are thymus dependent cells in rodents, Ba ...
The role of the cell wall in fungal pathogenesis
... 2008). Pattern recognition receptors are differentially expressed in the surface of immune cells (Fig. 3). Phagocytes are essential components of the innate system in the control of the fungal infection as they contribute to eliminate the microbe. They comprise both monocytes and neutrophils in the ...
... 2008). Pattern recognition receptors are differentially expressed in the surface of immune cells (Fig. 3). Phagocytes are essential components of the innate system in the control of the fungal infection as they contribute to eliminate the microbe. They comprise both monocytes and neutrophils in the ...
T Lymphocytes Negatively Regulate Lymph Node Lymphatic Vessel
... dynamic remodeling of LN microarchitecture takes place. At the peak of inflammation, LNLVs were found to penetrate deep into the T cell zone (paracortex and cortex), but once the inflammation had resolved, their regression was observed. Consequently, LNLVs would have had to trespass the T cell zone ...
... dynamic remodeling of LN microarchitecture takes place. At the peak of inflammation, LNLVs were found to penetrate deep into the T cell zone (paracortex and cortex), but once the inflammation had resolved, their regression was observed. Consequently, LNLVs would have had to trespass the T cell zone ...
Cell–Matrix Contact Prevents Recognition and Damage
... dislodged state. Our experiments were extended to include the influence of heightened anti-endothelial immunity that is a common clinical feature in a variety of autoimmune and endocrinologic diseases. Serial injections of free PAEs raised circulating anti-PAE antibodies (Figure 1), elevating immuno ...
... dislodged state. Our experiments were extended to include the influence of heightened anti-endothelial immunity that is a common clinical feature in a variety of autoimmune and endocrinologic diseases. Serial injections of free PAEs raised circulating anti-PAE antibodies (Figure 1), elevating immuno ...
Down-regulation of miR-302c and miR
... cells against malignant cells (Ljunggren, 2008; Obeidy & Sharland, 2009; Tsuboi et al, 2011). Ligands that bind NKG2D receptors include major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I chain-related proteins A and B (MICA/B) and unique long 16 (UL16)-binding proteins 1 through 6 (ULBP1-6) (Brandt et a ...
... cells against malignant cells (Ljunggren, 2008; Obeidy & Sharland, 2009; Tsuboi et al, 2011). Ligands that bind NKG2D receptors include major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I chain-related proteins A and B (MICA/B) and unique long 16 (UL16)-binding proteins 1 through 6 (ULBP1-6) (Brandt et a ...
The Lymphatic System
... Lymphocytes evolve from pluripotent stem cells located in the bone marrow, and differentiate into two major functional cell types: 1. B lymphocytes, comprising the humoral immune system, whose ultimate function is the production of antibodies 2. T lymphocytes, comprising the cellular immune system, ...
... Lymphocytes evolve from pluripotent stem cells located in the bone marrow, and differentiate into two major functional cell types: 1. B lymphocytes, comprising the humoral immune system, whose ultimate function is the production of antibodies 2. T lymphocytes, comprising the cellular immune system, ...
Federica Chessa Dr. sc. hum. Dendritic cell function in different renal
... from 300 mOsm/L in the cortex up to 1200 mOsm/L in the inner medulla. A major contribution to the strong osmolarity increase in medulla is given by interstitial sodium. An aspect so far not investigated is whether non-immunologic biophysical factors within the kidney, such as medullary hyperosmolari ...
... from 300 mOsm/L in the cortex up to 1200 mOsm/L in the inner medulla. A major contribution to the strong osmolarity increase in medulla is given by interstitial sodium. An aspect so far not investigated is whether non-immunologic biophysical factors within the kidney, such as medullary hyperosmolari ...
Deciphering the tête-à-tête between the microbiota and the
... Further work demonstrated that PSA is both protective and therapeutic in murine models of colitis and multiple sclerosis via induction of IL-10–secreting Tregs in a process that requires both TLR2 and MHCII (32–36). More recently, we and others have independently established that B. fragilis also pr ...
... Further work demonstrated that PSA is both protective and therapeutic in murine models of colitis and multiple sclerosis via induction of IL-10–secreting Tregs in a process that requires both TLR2 and MHCII (32–36). More recently, we and others have independently established that B. fragilis also pr ...
BIOT 184 Introduction to Biotechnology
... Major advantages of this technique are that the antigen does not need to be purified prior to use, and that these assays are very specific. However, one disadvantage is that not all antibodies can be used. Monoclonal antibody combinations must be qualified as “matched pairs”, meaning that they can r ...
... Major advantages of this technique are that the antigen does not need to be purified prior to use, and that these assays are very specific. However, one disadvantage is that not all antibodies can be used. Monoclonal antibody combinations must be qualified as “matched pairs”, meaning that they can r ...
Innate and adaptive immune responses subsequent to
... critical for the activation of naïve T-cells, thereby driving pathogen speciÀc T-cell responses [40]. In mouse models of liver IRI, TLR-4 rather than TLR-2 has been identiÀed as a MyD88 independent key mechanism mediating hepatic inflammation [38,41,42]. In contrast, TLR-2 and TLR-4 have been shown ...
... critical for the activation of naïve T-cells, thereby driving pathogen speciÀc T-cell responses [40]. In mouse models of liver IRI, TLR-4 rather than TLR-2 has been identiÀed as a MyD88 independent key mechanism mediating hepatic inflammation [38,41,42]. In contrast, TLR-2 and TLR-4 have been shown ...
FasL on human nucleus pulposus cells prevents angiogenesis in
... Many pieces of evidence identify the expression of FasL on NP cells [17, 22, 23]. As one of the most important pathways of apoptosis, Fas-FasL caspases signaling pathway could result in the recruitment and activation of several key proteins and caspases, the chief of which are Fas-associated death d ...
... Many pieces of evidence identify the expression of FasL on NP cells [17, 22, 23]. As one of the most important pathways of apoptosis, Fas-FasL caspases signaling pathway could result in the recruitment and activation of several key proteins and caspases, the chief of which are Fas-associated death d ...
Ouchterlony Procedure
... attach to mast cells and basophils. When antigens bind, they signal release of histamine. IgA - A dimer - Produced by cells in the mucus membranes to prevent attachment of pathogens. IgA is also found in many body secretions including milk. IgM - A pentamer - First antibody to appear following expos ...
... attach to mast cells and basophils. When antigens bind, they signal release of histamine. IgA - A dimer - Produced by cells in the mucus membranes to prevent attachment of pathogens. IgA is also found in many body secretions including milk. IgM - A pentamer - First antibody to appear following expos ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.