Question bank-6 –B-cell activation Q1 Explain briefly the fallowing
... 1. Antigen presenting cells . 2. Producing of antibodies . Q2 Choose the correct sentences. Complete the following : 1. Adaptive immunity is not independent of innate immunity. The phagocytic cells crucial to nonspecific immune responses are intimately involved in activating the specific immune resp ...
... 1. Antigen presenting cells . 2. Producing of antibodies . Q2 Choose the correct sentences. Complete the following : 1. Adaptive immunity is not independent of innate immunity. The phagocytic cells crucial to nonspecific immune responses are intimately involved in activating the specific immune resp ...
Chap 40 Immune Syst
... • Occurs simultaneously with innate immune cells • Certain white blood cells (lymphocytes) “learn” to recognize foreign substances and react specifically to them. – These cells can eventually inactivate/destroy pathogens – This takes time (from days up to 2 weeks). ...
... • Occurs simultaneously with innate immune cells • Certain white blood cells (lymphocytes) “learn” to recognize foreign substances and react specifically to them. – These cells can eventually inactivate/destroy pathogens – This takes time (from days up to 2 weeks). ...
Slide 1
... successful gestation of the genetically different fetal semi-allograft. Mothers revise the roster of the different leukocyte lineages (macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells, lymphocytes; see Box 41.1) in the decidua to disallow residence of most antigen-specific immune cells. Production of soluble ...
... successful gestation of the genetically different fetal semi-allograft. Mothers revise the roster of the different leukocyte lineages (macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells, lymphocytes; see Box 41.1) in the decidua to disallow residence of most antigen-specific immune cells. Production of soluble ...
Lecture 16 - Adaptive Immunity Day 2 2 slides per page S11
... Class II Exogenous proteins (i.e. those that have been taken up by the cell) are presented Found on antigen-presenting cells (macrophages, B cells….and dendritic cells) ...
... Class II Exogenous proteins (i.e. those that have been taken up by the cell) are presented Found on antigen-presenting cells (macrophages, B cells….and dendritic cells) ...
Mechanism
... Usually occur 24 to 72 hours after exposure of a sensitized individual to the offending antigen. It is mediated by T lymphocytes that are directly cytotoxic (CD8+ T cells) or that secrete inflammatory mediators (CD4+ T cells) that cause tissue changes. The reaction is initiated by antigen-specific C ...
... Usually occur 24 to 72 hours after exposure of a sensitized individual to the offending antigen. It is mediated by T lymphocytes that are directly cytotoxic (CD8+ T cells) or that secrete inflammatory mediators (CD4+ T cells) that cause tissue changes. The reaction is initiated by antigen-specific C ...
Termination of the Acute Inflammatory Response
... Hypersensitivity (any excessive reaction of the immune system) Autoimmune diseases (react to something it shouldn’t, should not recognize self antigens) These two are chronic in nature to begin with, so cannot be cured. 3. Prolonged exposure to potentially toxic agents, either: Exogenous (from outsi ...
... Hypersensitivity (any excessive reaction of the immune system) Autoimmune diseases (react to something it shouldn’t, should not recognize self antigens) These two are chronic in nature to begin with, so cannot be cured. 3. Prolonged exposure to potentially toxic agents, either: Exogenous (from outsi ...
cells of the immune system
... variety of complex interactions to defend the host. These interactions are essential and have evolved to rid the body of pathogens and other foreign substances. There are two sites at which pathogens may be located: 1. Extracellular sites 2. Intracellular sites Depending on the location of the patho ...
... variety of complex interactions to defend the host. These interactions are essential and have evolved to rid the body of pathogens and other foreign substances. There are two sites at which pathogens may be located: 1. Extracellular sites 2. Intracellular sites Depending on the location of the patho ...
FUNCTIONS OF THE BLOOD
... • Binding to receptors- polysaccharides or similar bacterial cell wall substances [nonspecific]. • Electrical charge of the surface- positive charge in living tissue. No charge in dead tissues and negative out side of bacteria. • Opsonized material is said to be “tasty” to phagocytes. June 2013 ...
... • Binding to receptors- polysaccharides or similar bacterial cell wall substances [nonspecific]. • Electrical charge of the surface- positive charge in living tissue. No charge in dead tissues and negative out side of bacteria. • Opsonized material is said to be “tasty” to phagocytes. June 2013 ...
Cells
... In mice and humans, immature B cells proliferate and differentiate within the bone marrow, and the stromal cells interact with the B cells and secrete various cytokines that are required for development. Like thymic selection during T-cell maturation, a selection process within the bone marrow elimi ...
... In mice and humans, immature B cells proliferate and differentiate within the bone marrow, and the stromal cells interact with the B cells and secrete various cytokines that are required for development. Like thymic selection during T-cell maturation, a selection process within the bone marrow elimi ...
Review Questions for leukocyte
... eyes, etc., which are associated with allergies such as hay fever. Although allergies would seem to have no benefit for defense against disease, these same inflammatory mechanisms participate in the fight against parasites, which is a serious health problem in some developing countries. Cytotoxicity ...
... eyes, etc., which are associated with allergies such as hay fever. Although allergies would seem to have no benefit for defense against disease, these same inflammatory mechanisms participate in the fight against parasites, which is a serious health problem in some developing countries. Cytotoxicity ...
Immunology Terms Phagocytosis- method of engulfing and
... Phagocytosis- method of engulfing and digesting and ultimately presenting antigens to immune system. Neutrophils- phagocytic white blood cells. Monocytes- white blood cells that migrate to tissues and mature into macrophages Macrophages- phagocytic antigen presenting cells Eosinophils- white blood c ...
... Phagocytosis- method of engulfing and digesting and ultimately presenting antigens to immune system. Neutrophils- phagocytic white blood cells. Monocytes- white blood cells that migrate to tissues and mature into macrophages Macrophages- phagocytic antigen presenting cells Eosinophils- white blood c ...
Receptors
... • small, not immunogenic molecules, commongy not of biological ethiology (synthetic epitopes) • are antigens able to bind on immunity receptors and not able to induce immunity reaction, not immunogenic • Hapten + immunogen (carrier) = immunity reaction against both ...
... • small, not immunogenic molecules, commongy not of biological ethiology (synthetic epitopes) • are antigens able to bind on immunity receptors and not able to induce immunity reaction, not immunogenic • Hapten + immunogen (carrier) = immunity reaction against both ...
TEST immune 2012 markscheme
... may produce (mild) symptoms of the disease; human error in preparation/storage/administration of vaccine; individual may react badly to vaccine / defective immune system / ...
... may produce (mild) symptoms of the disease; human error in preparation/storage/administration of vaccine; individual may react badly to vaccine / defective immune system / ...
Name Adrenocorticotropic (Hormone human) (1-24) Cat # PP
... corticotropes in the anterior lobe (or adenohypophysis) of the pituitary gland in response to the hormone corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) released by the hypothalamus. It is also produced by cells of immune system (T cells, B cells and macrophages) as a response to stimuli that go along with ...
... corticotropes in the anterior lobe (or adenohypophysis) of the pituitary gland in response to the hormone corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) released by the hypothalamus. It is also produced by cells of immune system (T cells, B cells and macrophages) as a response to stimuli that go along with ...
Document
... Which of the following correctly describes the sequence of WBCs responsible for overcoming an infection? a. neutrophils and NK cells → phagocytes/cytotoxic T cells → plasma cells b. memory B cells → plasma cells → NK cells c. phagocytes → plasma cells → antibodies d. B cells → helper T cells → phag ...
... Which of the following correctly describes the sequence of WBCs responsible for overcoming an infection? a. neutrophils and NK cells → phagocytes/cytotoxic T cells → plasma cells b. memory B cells → plasma cells → NK cells c. phagocytes → plasma cells → antibodies d. B cells → helper T cells → phag ...
A1982PC81600001
... that the spleen has all the necessary immunologic machinery), but transferred thymus cells plus antigen were inert. “The important experiment involved pure serendipity. We felt that the transferred thymus cells might be either too immature or too ‘sluggish’ to respond, so we gave the recipients thym ...
... that the spleen has all the necessary immunologic machinery), but transferred thymus cells plus antigen were inert. “The important experiment involved pure serendipity. We felt that the transferred thymus cells might be either too immature or too ‘sluggish’ to respond, so we gave the recipients thym ...
Chapter 24
... lymphocytes that have complementary receptors. In clonal selection, the selected lymphocyte cells multiply into clones of short-lived effector cells, specialized for defending against the antigen that triggered the response, and multiply into memory cells, which ...
... lymphocytes that have complementary receptors. In clonal selection, the selected lymphocyte cells multiply into clones of short-lived effector cells, specialized for defending against the antigen that triggered the response, and multiply into memory cells, which ...
The Mediators of Inflammation.
... - many chemicals released into the body. • Immune system.. -Innate. -Acquired. ...
... - many chemicals released into the body. • Immune system.. -Innate. -Acquired. ...
Bacteria - mrswehri.com
... response becomes active. Immune activity then rises, levels off, and falls. During following exposures to the same antigen, the immune system responds much more quickly and reaches higher levels. This is because Memory Cells remain in the body. Memory cells will recognize the pathogen and be ...
... response becomes active. Immune activity then rises, levels off, and falls. During following exposures to the same antigen, the immune system responds much more quickly and reaches higher levels. This is because Memory Cells remain in the body. Memory cells will recognize the pathogen and be ...
Lymphatic and Immune System
... • Through antigen recognition because of specific antigen receptors • Each lymphocyte has 1 receptor type (lock & key) o B cells= give rise to plasma cells, which produce antibodies to combine with and neutralize an antigen o T cells= do NOT produce antibodies they release chemicals to regulate th ...
... • Through antigen recognition because of specific antigen receptors • Each lymphocyte has 1 receptor type (lock & key) o B cells= give rise to plasma cells, which produce antibodies to combine with and neutralize an antigen o T cells= do NOT produce antibodies they release chemicals to regulate th ...
CellsNoTP
... What happens if damaged cells are not destroyed? What happens if Apoptosis is not invoked? Bcl-2 gene up-regulation in leucocytes leads to leukemia. (Strong inhibition of Apoptosis) FAS Gene or Caspase Genes down-regulated or lost in cells leads to leukemia and other cancer. (Failure to initiate or ...
... What happens if damaged cells are not destroyed? What happens if Apoptosis is not invoked? Bcl-2 gene up-regulation in leucocytes leads to leukemia. (Strong inhibition of Apoptosis) FAS Gene or Caspase Genes down-regulated or lost in cells leads to leukemia and other cancer. (Failure to initiate or ...
Immunity Textbook
... region. The variable region is the portion of the molecule that allows for binding to antigens. MHC class I molecules display antigens on the surface of cells. The antigens are produced inside cells. One example is a cell infected with a virus. The virus replicates inside the cell producing proteins ...
... region. The variable region is the portion of the molecule that allows for binding to antigens. MHC class I molecules display antigens on the surface of cells. The antigens are produced inside cells. One example is a cell infected with a virus. The virus replicates inside the cell producing proteins ...
The Specific/Adaptive Immune Response
... –Phagolysosome fuses with a vesicle containing MHCII molecules –Each fragment binds to the antigen-binding groove of a complementary MHCII molecule –The fused vesicle then inserts the MHCII-antigen complex into the cytoplasmic membrane so the antigen is presented on the outside of the cell Processin ...
... –Phagolysosome fuses with a vesicle containing MHCII molecules –Each fragment binds to the antigen-binding groove of a complementary MHCII molecule –The fused vesicle then inserts the MHCII-antigen complex into the cytoplasmic membrane so the antigen is presented on the outside of the cell Processin ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.