Cells
... By definition, antigen processing involves the internal cellular fragmentation of proteins into peptides that can associate with class I or class II MHC molecules and then be presented on the cell surface to a T cell. Superantigens are not processed, but rather exert their effect externally by bindi ...
... By definition, antigen processing involves the internal cellular fragmentation of proteins into peptides that can associate with class I or class II MHC molecules and then be presented on the cell surface to a T cell. Superantigens are not processed, but rather exert their effect externally by bindi ...
Table of contents
... 1. Overview Hematopoiesis is the process by which all the different cell lineages that form the blood and immune system are generated from a common pluripotent stem cell. During the life of an individual, two separate hematopoietic systems exist, both arising during embryonic development but only o ...
... 1. Overview Hematopoiesis is the process by which all the different cell lineages that form the blood and immune system are generated from a common pluripotent stem cell. During the life of an individual, two separate hematopoietic systems exist, both arising during embryonic development but only o ...
Historical Perspectives (cont.)
... In 1975 demonstrated the need for self recognition in effector role of cell mediated immunity (CMI). Received the Nobel Prize in 1997 for this work which was carried out in the John Curtin School for Medical Research at the Australian National University in Canberra. ...
... In 1975 demonstrated the need for self recognition in effector role of cell mediated immunity (CMI). Received the Nobel Prize in 1997 for this work which was carried out in the John Curtin School for Medical Research at the Australian National University in Canberra. ...
All normal, healthy body cells have MHC
... diffuse across the target cell’s hydrophobic membrane because the plasma membrane is made of lipids, and that hormone B is lipid-soluble and can diffuse across the plasma membrane but must be carried via transport proteins through the blood. Aligned to: LO 4.9 CA 4.9: Predict Effects of Changes to B ...
... diffuse across the target cell’s hydrophobic membrane because the plasma membrane is made of lipids, and that hormone B is lipid-soluble and can diffuse across the plasma membrane but must be carried via transport proteins through the blood. Aligned to: LO 4.9 CA 4.9: Predict Effects of Changes to B ...
disease emergence and re-emergence
... Cells Monocytes – precursors of macrophages Macrophages – ingest and eliminate (innate) present antigens (adaptive) Dendritic cells – induce innate immunity present antigens (adaptive) and stimulate cytokine production Lymphocytes T cells – mature in the thymus B cells – mature in the bone mar ...
... Cells Monocytes – precursors of macrophages Macrophages – ingest and eliminate (innate) present antigens (adaptive) Dendritic cells – induce innate immunity present antigens (adaptive) and stimulate cytokine production Lymphocytes T cells – mature in the thymus B cells – mature in the bone mar ...
Blood - Studyclix
... If you haven’t you are Rhesus negative or RhWhen classifing blood both systems are used ...
... If you haven’t you are Rhesus negative or RhWhen classifing blood both systems are used ...
Immune Responses to Infectious Diseases
... IFN-γ which in turns increase the synthesis of microbicidal substances inside the phagocytes [40]. The NK cells are also able to directly identify virus-infected cells that have reduced expression of MHC-I molecules. This cellular recognition promotes the destruction of infected cells through the re ...
... IFN-γ which in turns increase the synthesis of microbicidal substances inside the phagocytes [40]. The NK cells are also able to directly identify virus-infected cells that have reduced expression of MHC-I molecules. This cellular recognition promotes the destruction of infected cells through the re ...
histology of lymphoid organs lymphoid organs
... • Cytokines are a unique family of growth factors Æ messenger molecules that can communicate signals from one cell type to another – Secreted primarily from leukocytes but also produced by various cells of the body Æ interleukin (IL) – IL instruct the receiving cells to proliferate, differentiate, s ...
... • Cytokines are a unique family of growth factors Æ messenger molecules that can communicate signals from one cell type to another – Secreted primarily from leukocytes but also produced by various cells of the body Æ interleukin (IL) – IL instruct the receiving cells to proliferate, differentiate, s ...
apch22.ppt
... More Innate Cellular Mast Cells – non-moving. Stay in connective tissue near potential entry points of the body – skin, lungs, GI tract etc. Release chemical defenses – which bring on inflammation Eosinophils – leave blood to enter tissues. Produce enzymes to break down chemicals from Mast cells & ...
... More Innate Cellular Mast Cells – non-moving. Stay in connective tissue near potential entry points of the body – skin, lungs, GI tract etc. Release chemical defenses – which bring on inflammation Eosinophils – leave blood to enter tissues. Produce enzymes to break down chemicals from Mast cells & ...
Nr - MWM-Vermittlung
... ethical issues and political debates are less important than for embryonic stem (ES) cells, iPS cells have the advantage that they are tailored to the particular patient and therefore – unlike ES cells – cannot be rejected by the immune system," Professor Jaenisch said. This could lead to a ‘revolut ...
... ethical issues and political debates are less important than for embryonic stem (ES) cells, iPS cells have the advantage that they are tailored to the particular patient and therefore – unlike ES cells – cannot be rejected by the immune system," Professor Jaenisch said. This could lead to a ‘revolut ...
Discussion of a Recent Paper on Sporadic Inclusion Body Myositis:
... Non-self: referring to chemicals and structures that should not be present, for example, viral or bacterial infections of the body. Cytotoxic: Anything that kills a cell. Non-necrotic: healthy Leukocyte: White blood cells, including lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and macrophages. A le ...
... Non-self: referring to chemicals and structures that should not be present, for example, viral or bacterial infections of the body. Cytotoxic: Anything that kills a cell. Non-necrotic: healthy Leukocyte: White blood cells, including lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and macrophages. A le ...
mucosal immunity
... HUMORAL IMMUNITY: MASSIVE INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF PLASMA CELLS AND IN IgG PRODUCTION (IgG2 IN CD AND IgG1 IN UC) IMBALANCE OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY (TNF-a, ...
... HUMORAL IMMUNITY: MASSIVE INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF PLASMA CELLS AND IN IgG PRODUCTION (IgG2 IN CD AND IgG1 IN UC) IMBALANCE OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY (TNF-a, ...
Document
... receptor specificity. There are millions of lymphocytes in the body, and thus millions of different antigen receptors. Each naive lymphocyte bearing a unique receptor is the progenitor of a genetically identical CLONE of daughter cells. PROBLEM: The CLONAL DISTRIBUTION of antigen receptors means tha ...
... receptor specificity. There are millions of lymphocytes in the body, and thus millions of different antigen receptors. Each naive lymphocyte bearing a unique receptor is the progenitor of a genetically identical CLONE of daughter cells. PROBLEM: The CLONAL DISTRIBUTION of antigen receptors means tha ...
Presentation - people.vcu.edu
... obtained from another source? - Strategies to take advantage of mutant cell function will be used - Be able to distinguish from local and non-local cells - Observe results to view what is actually there - Test results to know what is present ...
... obtained from another source? - Strategies to take advantage of mutant cell function will be used - Be able to distinguish from local and non-local cells - Observe results to view what is actually there - Test results to know what is present ...
Chapter 24 The Immune System
... Cytotoxic T cells destroy infected body cells Cytotoxic T cells - are the only T cells that kill infected cells. - bind to infected body cells. - destroy them. Cytotoxic T cells also play a role in protecting the body against the spread of some cancers (about 20% of human cancers are caused by ...
... Cytotoxic T cells destroy infected body cells Cytotoxic T cells - are the only T cells that kill infected cells. - bind to infected body cells. - destroy them. Cytotoxic T cells also play a role in protecting the body against the spread of some cancers (about 20% of human cancers are caused by ...
BIOL242Ch20,21Lymph1OCT2012
... • The stroma of the thymus consists of star-shaped epithelial cells (not reticular fibers) • These thymocytes secrete the hormones that stimulate lymphocytes to become immunocompetent • T cells: – migrate into medulla – divide in the cortex – leave thymus by medullary blood vessels ...
... • The stroma of the thymus consists of star-shaped epithelial cells (not reticular fibers) • These thymocytes secrete the hormones that stimulate lymphocytes to become immunocompetent • T cells: – migrate into medulla – divide in the cortex – leave thymus by medullary blood vessels ...
Chapter 20
... The size of the thymus varies with age – In infants, it is found in the inferior neck and extends into the mediastinum where it partially overlies the heart – It increases in size and is most active during childhood – It stops growing during adolescence and then gradually atrophies ...
... The size of the thymus varies with age – In infants, it is found in the inferior neck and extends into the mediastinum where it partially overlies the heart – It increases in size and is most active during childhood – It stops growing during adolescence and then gradually atrophies ...
Chapter 22 The Lymphatic System, Nonspecific Resistance to
... ingestion of microbes or foreign material by phagocytes 2 kinds of phagocytosis - neutrophils and macrophages ...
... ingestion of microbes or foreign material by phagocytes 2 kinds of phagocytosis - neutrophils and macrophages ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.