Ozone decomposition
... In recent years, scientific research in all leading countries of the world has been aimed primarily at solving the deep environmental problems on the planet, including air pollution and global warming. One of the factors affecting negatively these processes is the presence of ozone in ground atmosph ...
... In recent years, scientific research in all leading countries of the world has been aimed primarily at solving the deep environmental problems on the planet, including air pollution and global warming. One of the factors affecting negatively these processes is the presence of ozone in ground atmosph ...
IMPACT OF AIR RETURN STRATEGY ON BUILDING ENERGY
... down risers and part way to local plenum returns, and (3) fully ducted. Hydeman et al. (2003) recommend using plenum returns whenever possible because of lower fan energy use and lower first costs compared to ducted returns. They report that typical plenum returns allow the use of relief fans with l ...
... down risers and part way to local plenum returns, and (3) fully ducted. Hydeman et al. (2003) recommend using plenum returns whenever possible because of lower fan energy use and lower first costs compared to ducted returns. They report that typical plenum returns allow the use of relief fans with l ...
Residential Attic Ventilation In A Hot And Humid Climate
... The reality of the effect of natural ventilation in a residential attic cavity has been the topic of many debates and scholarly reports since the 1930’s. The purpose of ventilating an attic cavity is to prevent collection of condensate on the structural surfaces, and to create a thermal buffer betwe ...
... The reality of the effect of natural ventilation in a residential attic cavity has been the topic of many debates and scholarly reports since the 1930’s. The purpose of ventilating an attic cavity is to prevent collection of condensate on the structural surfaces, and to create a thermal buffer betwe ...
Chapter 2 Kiln Types and Features
... medium for kiln drying of lumber. Steam is moved from the boiler into the kiln by pipes, and the heat is then transferred to the circulating air in the kiln. Historically, many lumber processing operations required steam for a variety of applications, and it was therefore natural to include sufficie ...
... medium for kiln drying of lumber. Steam is moved from the boiler into the kiln by pipes, and the heat is then transferred to the circulating air in the kiln. Historically, many lumber processing operations required steam for a variety of applications, and it was therefore natural to include sufficie ...
Aalborg Universitet Cooling of the Building Structure by Night-time Ventilation Artmann, Nikolai
... cooling concept. Many successful examples of passively cooled buildings demonstrate the possibility of providing good thermal comfort conditions without the need for energy-intensive air conditioning systems. However, due to uncertainties in the prediction of thermal comfort, architects and engineer ...
... cooling concept. Many successful examples of passively cooled buildings demonstrate the possibility of providing good thermal comfort conditions without the need for energy-intensive air conditioning systems. However, due to uncertainties in the prediction of thermal comfort, architects and engineer ...
Ventilative Cooling
... and is based on the findings in the participating countries. The report is an official Annex report that describes the state-of-the-art ventilative cooling potentials and limitations, its consideration in current energy performance regulations, available building components and control strategies an ...
... and is based on the findings in the participating countries. The report is an official Annex report that describes the state-of-the-art ventilative cooling potentials and limitations, its consideration in current energy performance regulations, available building components and control strategies an ...
BESTFAÇADE Best Practice for Double Skin Façades EIE/04/135
... temperature extremes, winds, and sound. Sun-shading devices are often located between the two skins. All elements can be arranged differently into numbers of permutations and combinations of both solid and diaphanous membranes”.1 “The Double Skin Façade is a system consisting of two glass skins plac ...
... temperature extremes, winds, and sound. Sun-shading devices are often located between the two skins. All elements can be arranged differently into numbers of permutations and combinations of both solid and diaphanous membranes”.1 “The Double Skin Façade is a system consisting of two glass skins plac ...
Passivhaus primer: Designer`s guide A guide for the design team
... form have higher A/V ratios than their larger counterparts. It is therefore particularly important to design small detached buildings with a very compact form, whilst larger buildings offer the designer greater freedom to explore more complex geometries. Figure 1 illustrates the influence of form an ...
... form have higher A/V ratios than their larger counterparts. It is therefore particularly important to design small detached buildings with a very compact form, whilst larger buildings offer the designer greater freedom to explore more complex geometries. Figure 1 illustrates the influence of form an ...
34 Classification of Dryers
... conveyor. Once in the drying chamber, a mechanical agitator breaks up the particles while air is introduced to fluidise the small particles. Dry particles are carried to the exhaust system by the fluidising system. Pastes of pigments and dyes are dried industrially using this method. 5. Centrifugal ...
... conveyor. Once in the drying chamber, a mechanical agitator breaks up the particles while air is introduced to fluidise the small particles. Dry particles are carried to the exhaust system by the fluidising system. Pastes of pigments and dyes are dried industrially using this method. 5. Centrifugal ...
Natural Ventilation for Infection Control in Health
... a design and operation guide for hospital planners, engineers, architects and infectioncontrol personnel. The recommendations in this WHO guideline followed a systematic review of the literature on the association of ventilation and disease transmission, as well as effective natural ventilation solu ...
... a design and operation guide for hospital planners, engineers, architects and infectioncontrol personnel. The recommendations in this WHO guideline followed a systematic review of the literature on the association of ventilation and disease transmission, as well as effective natural ventilation solu ...
Effect of stratosphere-troposphere exchange on the future
... observed ozone evolution. Details of the STOCHEM model used in this study are unchanged from those given by Collins et al. [2002] except where described below. In this model 100 000 air parcels are advected around the globe between the surface and 10 hPa, each carrying the mixing ratios of 70 chemic ...
... observed ozone evolution. Details of the STOCHEM model used in this study are unchanged from those given by Collins et al. [2002] except where described below. In this model 100 000 air parcels are advected around the globe between the surface and 10 hPa, each carrying the mixing ratios of 70 chemic ...
thermal and moisture control in insulated assemblies - U
... plane, parallel surfaces. These data are based on experimental measurements (Robinson et al. 1954). Resistance values for systems with air spaces can be estimated from these results if emittance values are corrected for field conditions. However, for some common composite building insulation systems ...
... plane, parallel surfaces. These data are based on experimental measurements (Robinson et al. 1954). Resistance values for systems with air spaces can be estimated from these results if emittance values are corrected for field conditions. However, for some common composite building insulation systems ...
Single-sided Natural Ventilation: Design Analysis
... In the building industry, there has been a recognized need for sustainable development. This means that building designers must satisfy the needs of today's users without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Buildings impose long-term impacts on the environment. Me ...
... In the building industry, there has been a recognized need for sustainable development. This means that building designers must satisfy the needs of today's users without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Buildings impose long-term impacts on the environment. Me ...
Untitled - BEAM Society
... Both Version 4/04 ‘New Buildings’[6] and Version 5/04 ‘Existing Buildings’ [7] had significant upgrades to the previous BEAM documents in 2004. These versions had been developed from the pilot versions 4/03 and 5/03 which were published in June 2003, following extensive review by the BEAM Society Te ...
... Both Version 4/04 ‘New Buildings’[6] and Version 5/04 ‘Existing Buildings’ [7] had significant upgrades to the previous BEAM documents in 2004. These versions had been developed from the pilot versions 4/03 and 5/03 which were published in June 2003, following extensive review by the BEAM Society Te ...
Heat recovery with hybrid ventilation in office
... consumption of energy. One of the main energy users in the building is the ventilation system (Pérez-Lombard, Ortiz, & Pout, 2008). In order to create a good working environment most buildings use a ventilation system that is also able to heat or cool down the building (HVAC). This HVAC system consu ...
... consumption of energy. One of the main energy users in the building is the ventilation system (Pérez-Lombard, Ortiz, & Pout, 2008). In order to create a good working environment most buildings use a ventilation system that is also able to heat or cool down the building (HVAC). This HVAC system consu ...
2. The Ozone 35 2. The ozone
... importance to obtain a yield of ozone. Moreover, with air, nitrogen oxides can form nitric acid, which can cause corrosion. The presence of organic impurities in the feed gas should be avoided, including impurities arising from engine exhaust, leakages in cooling groups, or leakages in electrode coo ...
... importance to obtain a yield of ozone. Moreover, with air, nitrogen oxides can form nitric acid, which can cause corrosion. The presence of organic impurities in the feed gas should be avoided, including impurities arising from engine exhaust, leakages in cooling groups, or leakages in electrode coo ...
Overheating in new homes
... presented and analysed as case studies. The report also discusses what parameters might be used in the definition of overheating including possible threshold temperature levels. Guidance on the requirements for reducing overheating is also presented and discussed. There is increasing evidence that n ...
... presented and analysed as case studies. The report also discusses what parameters might be used in the definition of overheating including possible threshold temperature levels. Guidance on the requirements for reducing overheating is also presented and discussed. There is increasing evidence that n ...
chapter 11 - Description
... A building surface influences comfort primarily through its surface temperature; secondarily, a surface can modify air temperature (as when cool air moves across a warm surface). As important as these two determinants of comfort are, they are often not sufficient by themselves. In cooling situations ...
... A building surface influences comfort primarily through its surface temperature; secondarily, a surface can modify air temperature (as when cool air moves across a warm surface). As important as these two determinants of comfort are, they are often not sufficient by themselves. In cooling situations ...
Insulation – Improving the Thermal Envelope - Strunk
... The IRC states that if the building’s total thermal envelope UA (sum of the U-factor times the assembly area) is less than or equal to the total UA resulting from using the Ufactors in Table N1102.1.2 then the building shall be considered to be in compliance. This means if the wall assembly does not ...
... The IRC states that if the building’s total thermal envelope UA (sum of the U-factor times the assembly area) is less than or equal to the total UA resulting from using the Ufactors in Table N1102.1.2 then the building shall be considered to be in compliance. This means if the wall assembly does not ...
Weather Influences on Carlisle`s Air Quality
... on days classified as Dry Tropical, Moist Moderate, or Moist Tropical in terms of air mass type. The air masses associated with high PM2.5 concentration days occur 34 percent of the time in summer and relatively infrequently the rest of the year. ...
... on days classified as Dry Tropical, Moist Moderate, or Moist Tropical in terms of air mass type. The air masses associated with high PM2.5 concentration days occur 34 percent of the time in summer and relatively infrequently the rest of the year. ...
synoptic and local weather conditions associated with pm2
... on days classified as Dry Tropical, Moist Moderate, or Moist Tropical in terms of air mass type. The air masses associated with high PM2.5 concentration days occur 34 percent of the time in summer and relatively infrequently the rest of the year. ...
... on days classified as Dry Tropical, Moist Moderate, or Moist Tropical in terms of air mass type. The air masses associated with high PM2.5 concentration days occur 34 percent of the time in summer and relatively infrequently the rest of the year. ...
Ozone Writeup - International Research Institute for Climate and
... and Andersen, 2006) that Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) played a part in depleting the ozone layer. Many factors play into ozone depletion and formation and will be discussed in this paper: location of ozone depletion, the role of greenhouse gases, chemistry, sunlight, and temperature. The Arctic and An ...
... and Andersen, 2006) that Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) played a part in depleting the ozone layer. Many factors play into ozone depletion and formation and will be discussed in this paper: location of ozone depletion, the role of greenhouse gases, chemistry, sunlight, and temperature. The Arctic and An ...
Chapter 14
... Consider 1 kg of dry air. By definition, dry air contains no water vapor, and thus its specific humidity is zero. Now let us add some water vapor to this dry air. The specific humidity will increase. As more vapor or moisture is added, the specific humidity will keep increasing until the air can hol ...
... Consider 1 kg of dry air. By definition, dry air contains no water vapor, and thus its specific humidity is zero. Now let us add some water vapor to this dry air. The specific humidity will increase. As more vapor or moisture is added, the specific humidity will keep increasing until the air can hol ...
Domestic cold pitched roofs in the UK
... gaps, cracks and holes in the ceiling. The rate of transfer depends on the amount of insulation, the presence or absence of vapour control layers and the number of unsealed penetrations through the ceiling (Essah, 2009). Energy losses due to ventilation and air infiltration accounts for a significan ...
... gaps, cracks and holes in the ceiling. The rate of transfer depends on the amount of insulation, the presence or absence of vapour control layers and the number of unsealed penetrations through the ceiling (Essah, 2009). Energy losses due to ventilation and air infiltration accounts for a significan ...
Tax Office of Enschede
... The CO2 concentration level during working hours in the summer were measured in June. These results differ not much from the CO2 level in the winter. The outdoor CO2 concentration level is 350 ppm. Values less than 350 ppm are due to the accuracy of the measurement instrument. The CO2 concentration ...
... The CO2 concentration level during working hours in the summer were measured in June. These results differ not much from the CO2 level in the winter. The outdoor CO2 concentration level is 350 ppm. Values less than 350 ppm are due to the accuracy of the measurement instrument. The CO2 concentration ...
Indoor air quality
Indoor air quality (IAQ) is a term which refers to the air quality within and around buildings and structures, especially as it relates to the health and comfort of building occupants.IAQ can be affected by gases (including carbon monoxide, radon, volatile organic compounds), particulates, microbial contaminants (mold, bacteria), or any mass or energy stressor that can induce adverse health conditions. Source control, filtration and the use of ventilation to dilute contaminants are the primary methods for improving indoor air quality in most buildings. Residential units can further improve indoor air quality by routine cleaning of carpets and area rugs. EPA has guidelines for frequency of cleaning based on traffic, number of household members, pets, children and smokers. Carpets and rugs act like an air filter and must be cleaned.Determination of IAQ involves the collection of air samples, monitoring human exposure to pollutants, collection of samples on building surfaces, and computer modelling of air flow inside buildings.IAQ is part of indoor environmental quality (IEQ), which includes IAQ as well as other physical and psychological aspects of life indoors (e.g., lighting, visual quality, acoustics, and thermal comfort).Indoor air pollution in developing nations is by far the most deadly risk globally. A major source of indoor air pollution in developing countries is the burning of biomass (e.g. wood, charcoal, dung, or crop residue) for heating and cooking. The resulting exposure to high levels of particulate matter resulted in between 1.5 million and 2 million deaths in 2000.