Cooling - Carson Dunlop
... The cooled air is distributed throughout the house by the indoor fan. The indoor fan is often also the furnace fan (usually modified for increased airflow). On independent systems, a separate fan is provided. The outdoor fan moves air over the outdoor coil. This cools and condenses the refrigerant, ...
... The cooled air is distributed throughout the house by the indoor fan. The indoor fan is often also the furnace fan (usually modified for increased airflow). On independent systems, a separate fan is provided. The outdoor fan moves air over the outdoor coil. This cools and condenses the refrigerant, ...
Engineering Issue: Indoor Air Vapor Intrusion Mitigation - CLU-IN
... engineered fill material which may underlie a building into Structures and Mitigation slab. In this sub-slab space, the distribution of contamiThe majority of vapor intrusion cases occur when connants is dependent on a number of factors, including the taminants from either the soil or groundwater en ...
... engineered fill material which may underlie a building into Structures and Mitigation slab. In this sub-slab space, the distribution of contamiThe majority of vapor intrusion cases occur when connants is dependent on a number of factors, including the taminants from either the soil or groundwater en ...
Air Transport in Building Envelope and Construction Process
... The HAM Tools whole model (e.g. simulations of the building or the building section as a whole) has been validated against measurements of experimentally investigated cold attics, with six different ventilated and insulated compartments. The programme has shown good predictive accuracy of internal c ...
... The HAM Tools whole model (e.g. simulations of the building or the building section as a whole) has been validated against measurements of experimentally investigated cold attics, with six different ventilated and insulated compartments. The programme has shown good predictive accuracy of internal c ...
Computational fluid dynamics modelling of the air movement in an
... It should be noted that the choice of conditions used in the simulations carried out in this research were determined using an environmental test chamber. The discretisation of the computational domain in this research was achieved by means of a mesh that consisted of unstructured grids (i.e. tetrah ...
... It should be noted that the choice of conditions used in the simulations carried out in this research were determined using an environmental test chamber. The discretisation of the computational domain in this research was achieved by means of a mesh that consisted of unstructured grids (i.e. tetrah ...
Museum Collections in Industrial Buildings A selection
... While environmental control was the spur for the development of this Guide, other important issues were soon recognised and included. Safe access by visitors and staff is a key consideration. An off-site facility will not meet a museum's expectations if staff feel uneasy about working - possibly alo ...
... While environmental control was the spur for the development of this Guide, other important issues were soon recognised and included. Safe access by visitors and staff is a key consideration. An off-site facility will not meet a museum's expectations if staff feel uneasy about working - possibly alo ...
vii. bringing air to saturation
... c. As we know, condensation requires a nucleus, or a surface to actually condense on. The ground surface is a great condensation nucleus. d. If the dew point were below freezing, then frost would form instead because the surface is also a pretty good ice nucleus as well. e. The most likely place alo ...
... c. As we know, condensation requires a nucleus, or a surface to actually condense on. The ground surface is a great condensation nucleus. d. If the dew point were below freezing, then frost would form instead because the surface is also a pretty good ice nucleus as well. e. The most likely place alo ...
An assessment of thermal comfort in a warm and humid
... According to [2], actual thermal comfort standards are based upon laboratory studies carried out in climatic chambers, ignoring the complex interaction between occupants and their environments that could affect their comfort. In reality, occupants are comfortable in a wider range of conditions. This ...
... According to [2], actual thermal comfort standards are based upon laboratory studies carried out in climatic chambers, ignoring the complex interaction between occupants and their environments that could affect their comfort. In reality, occupants are comfortable in a wider range of conditions. This ...
Installation and operating principles for medium voltage switchgear
... - the average water vapour pressure value measured over a period of 24 hours must not exceed 2.2 kPa; - the average relative humidity value measured over a period of 1 month must not exceed 90%; - the average water vapour pressure value measured over a period of 1 month must not exceed 1.8 kPa. ...
... - the average water vapour pressure value measured over a period of 24 hours must not exceed 2.2 kPa; - the average relative humidity value measured over a period of 1 month must not exceed 90%; - the average water vapour pressure value measured over a period of 1 month must not exceed 1.8 kPa. ...
Occupant comfort in UK offices—How adaptive comfort theories
... and along 30% of a wall facing north-east into a large light well. The refurbishment was based around a mixed mode strategy for managing the internal environment using natural ventilation (NV) through grilles set under new windows and night time ventilation, to reduce energy and CO2 emissions, but w ...
... and along 30% of a wall facing north-east into a large light well. The refurbishment was based around a mixed mode strategy for managing the internal environment using natural ventilation (NV) through grilles set under new windows and night time ventilation, to reduce energy and CO2 emissions, but w ...
Design and Fabrication of Desiccant Wheel Dehumidifier
... 1) A thermal wheel consists of a circular honeycomb matrix of heat-absorbing material, which is slowly rotated within the supply and exhaust air streams of an air handling system. As the thermal wheel rotates heat is picked up from the exhaust air stream in one half of the rotation, and given up to ...
... 1) A thermal wheel consists of a circular honeycomb matrix of heat-absorbing material, which is slowly rotated within the supply and exhaust air streams of an air handling system. As the thermal wheel rotates heat is picked up from the exhaust air stream in one half of the rotation, and given up to ...
Series 9
... In each of the tables of thermodynamic properties used thus far, values for the specific internal energy, enthalpy, and entropy are given relative to some arbitrary datum state where the enthalpy (or alternatively the internal energy) and entropy are set to zero. This approach is satisfactory for ev ...
... In each of the tables of thermodynamic properties used thus far, values for the specific internal energy, enthalpy, and entropy are given relative to some arbitrary datum state where the enthalpy (or alternatively the internal energy) and entropy are set to zero. This approach is satisfactory for ev ...
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... ences, interior conditions which must be maintained to avoid the critical surface relative humidities vary from region to region and time of year. They also vary based on the thermal resistance of the building envelope. In general relative humidities should be kept as low as comfort levels and HVAC ...
... ences, interior conditions which must be maintained to avoid the critical surface relative humidities vary from region to region and time of year. They also vary based on the thermal resistance of the building envelope. In general relative humidities should be kept as low as comfort levels and HVAC ...
Natural Ventilation of Tall Buildings – Options and Limitations
... at different levels. Microclimate mapping of cities is being used by planners in Germany (Katzschner,, 2000) in assessing the impact of major new developments, and will be used increasingly at the feasibility stage. However, in this paper, our concern is with Stages 2 and 3, which are concerned with ...
... at different levels. Microclimate mapping of cities is being used by planners in Germany (Katzschner,, 2000) in assessing the impact of major new developments, and will be used increasingly at the feasibility stage. However, in this paper, our concern is with Stages 2 and 3, which are concerned with ...
Sustainable Intelligent Buildings for Better Health, Comfort and Well
... Technology Platform has set up the Energy Efficient Building European Initiative (E2B EI), steered by the Energy Efficient Buildings Association (E2BA) founded in November 2008. In EU energy terms this is a reduction from about 1678 Mtoe at present levels to 1474 Mtoe by 2020 over the 28 member sta ...
... Technology Platform has set up the Energy Efficient Building European Initiative (E2B EI), steered by the Energy Efficient Buildings Association (E2BA) founded in November 2008. In EU energy terms this is a reduction from about 1678 Mtoe at present levels to 1474 Mtoe by 2020 over the 28 member sta ...
Air purification in industrial plants producing automotive
... feasible. By using one microjet head, a total of 75% of tar particles was removed from the air; by using 4 heads, a purification efficiency of 93% was obtained. This method of air purification causes air temperature to decrease from 35°C to 20°C, which significantly reduces the potential for heat re ...
... feasible. By using one microjet head, a total of 75% of tar particles was removed from the air; by using 4 heads, a purification efficiency of 93% was obtained. This method of air purification causes air temperature to decrease from 35°C to 20°C, which significantly reduces the potential for heat re ...
Heat demand for a building
... The heat demand of the air handling unit (AHU) (Formula 2.23) without heat recovery The heat demand in an AHU with the heat recovery Efficiency for heat recovery either for exhaust air or for supply air The efficiency for heat recovery for supply air (Formula 2.30) Values for temp. ratio (efficiency ...
... The heat demand of the air handling unit (AHU) (Formula 2.23) without heat recovery The heat demand in an AHU with the heat recovery Efficiency for heat recovery either for exhaust air or for supply air The efficiency for heat recovery for supply air (Formula 2.30) Values for temp. ratio (efficiency ...
Fabric and ventilation heat loss
... Only the number of air changes per hour (N) can be changed by the designer of the building. • To minimise heat loss – must minimise N. ...
... Only the number of air changes per hour (N) can be changed by the designer of the building. • To minimise heat loss – must minimise N. ...
Thermal Insulation and Condensation
... Designers should take care to eliminate all problems caused by condensation, particularly in refurbishment projects on existing buildings, which may not be covered by current regulation. Reducing the risk Due to changes in building design, occupancy patterns and increased thermal requirements, all b ...
... Designers should take care to eliminate all problems caused by condensation, particularly in refurbishment projects on existing buildings, which may not be covered by current regulation. Reducing the risk Due to changes in building design, occupancy patterns and increased thermal requirements, all b ...
Aalborg Universitet ventilation systems
... use an inert test chamber with a low volume, a controlled temperature and humidity, and a constant injection of specific gases. In these “ideal conditions”, several key factors (KF) able to modify the PCO, have been identified in the literature. However few studies have implemented such systems at “ ...
... use an inert test chamber with a low volume, a controlled temperature and humidity, and a constant injection of specific gases. In these “ideal conditions”, several key factors (KF) able to modify the PCO, have been identified in the literature. However few studies have implemented such systems at “ ...
PROCEEDINGS Editors: Marcel Loomans, Eindhoven University of Technology Marije te Kulve, Maastricht University
... use an inert test chamber with a low volume, a controlled temperature and humidity, and a constant injection of specific gases. In these “ideal conditions”, several key factors (KF) able to modify the PCO, have been identified in the literature. However few studies have implemented such systems at “ ...
... use an inert test chamber with a low volume, a controlled temperature and humidity, and a constant injection of specific gases. In these “ideal conditions”, several key factors (KF) able to modify the PCO, have been identified in the literature. However few studies have implemented such systems at “ ...
Atmospheric Stability
... The rising or sinking parcel is isolated from the environment such that the rising and sinking air and the environmental air do not mix. There are three basic categories in which the atmosphere can be classified in terms of stability - stable, neutral, and unstable. We will also consider two special ...
... The rising or sinking parcel is isolated from the environment such that the rising and sinking air and the environmental air do not mix. There are three basic categories in which the atmosphere can be classified in terms of stability - stable, neutral, and unstable. We will also consider two special ...
Do our green buildings perform as intended?
... This project is not complete and these are initial findings. These results will be explored further in other papers and at the SB14 Conference panel session: 1. Actual building occupancy (i.e., hours of operation and occupant load) can be very difficult to determine if not monitored and recorded on ...
... This project is not complete and these are initial findings. These results will be explored further in other papers and at the SB14 Conference panel session: 1. Actual building occupancy (i.e., hours of operation and occupant load) can be very difficult to determine if not monitored and recorded on ...
Energy efficiency measurements in grain drying
... from these carbon dioxide content and burning efficiency. The inaccuracy of carbon dioxide figure is ± 0.2%, carbon monoxide ± 5% and temperature ± 1˚C. Heat losses in hot air flow From air heating furnaces hot air is transferred to the dryer by air pipes or ducts. The pipes are not normally heat in ...
... from these carbon dioxide content and burning efficiency. The inaccuracy of carbon dioxide figure is ± 0.2%, carbon monoxide ± 5% and temperature ± 1˚C. Heat losses in hot air flow From air heating furnaces hot air is transferred to the dryer by air pipes or ducts. The pipes are not normally heat in ...
vaulted ceilings
... not possible. In its place an air displacement ventilation system was implemented, which also increased the access to the thermal mass of the building. The air displacement ventilation system works by treated air being introduced into a void underneath the floor, where it comes into contact with the ...
... not possible. In its place an air displacement ventilation system was implemented, which also increased the access to the thermal mass of the building. The air displacement ventilation system works by treated air being introduced into a void underneath the floor, where it comes into contact with the ...
CITY MULTI Case Study - Mitsubishi Electric Australia
... As the apartments are individually owned, the ability to charge based on usage in a fair and equitable way was important. ...
... As the apartments are individually owned, the ability to charge based on usage in a fair and equitable way was important. ...
Indoor air quality
Indoor air quality (IAQ) is a term which refers to the air quality within and around buildings and structures, especially as it relates to the health and comfort of building occupants.IAQ can be affected by gases (including carbon monoxide, radon, volatile organic compounds), particulates, microbial contaminants (mold, bacteria), or any mass or energy stressor that can induce adverse health conditions. Source control, filtration and the use of ventilation to dilute contaminants are the primary methods for improving indoor air quality in most buildings. Residential units can further improve indoor air quality by routine cleaning of carpets and area rugs. EPA has guidelines for frequency of cleaning based on traffic, number of household members, pets, children and smokers. Carpets and rugs act like an air filter and must be cleaned.Determination of IAQ involves the collection of air samples, monitoring human exposure to pollutants, collection of samples on building surfaces, and computer modelling of air flow inside buildings.IAQ is part of indoor environmental quality (IEQ), which includes IAQ as well as other physical and psychological aspects of life indoors (e.g., lighting, visual quality, acoustics, and thermal comfort).Indoor air pollution in developing nations is by far the most deadly risk globally. A major source of indoor air pollution in developing countries is the burning of biomass (e.g. wood, charcoal, dung, or crop residue) for heating and cooking. The resulting exposure to high levels of particulate matter resulted in between 1.5 million and 2 million deaths in 2000.