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Immune System
Immune System

... Remember Make antibodies ...
The Immune System
The Immune System

...  Make up the immune response  Antigens (viruses, bacteria, other pathogens) trigger this response  Two types of lymphocytes in the immune response  B lymphocytes (B cells)  T lymphocytes (T cells) ...
Lesson 13 Class Notes I. Pathogens A. Bad bacteria 1. Single
Lesson 13 Class Notes I. Pathogens A. Bad bacteria 1. Single

... b. B cells make special proteins called antibodies to grab specific antigen c. Antibody marks invader for killer T cells d. B and T cells remember invader to launch rapid, specific, aggressive response D. Autoimmune diseases 1. def: body forms antibodies against its own tissue 2. allergies: B cells ...
Chapter 40-2
Chapter 40-2

... that breaks down the cell walls of bacteria  Oil & sweat glands produce an acidic environment on the skin that kills many bacteria  Mucus in mouth & nose help trap pathogens  Stomach acids & digestive enzymes destroy many pathogens that get in your stomach ...
Cystatin 9: the key to effective treatment for bacterial lung disease?
Cystatin 9: the key to effective treatment for bacterial lung disease?

... can analyse the signalling pathways and secretions from the same cell type to identify what types of inflammatory cytokines/ factors are produced as well as how much they are producing. The level of bacterialinduced inflammation can be correlated with cell damage by microscopy analysis of cell histo ...
self and non
self and non

... receptors, which then signal the cell to alter its behavior, causing a change in function of the target cell.  Many different types of cells can produce the same cytokine, and a single cytokine may act on a variety of target cells ...
Effector Mechanisms of Cell
Effector Mechanisms of Cell

... Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors that are activated by specific components of microbes and certain host molecules. INNATE RESPONOSE: They constitute the first line of defense against many pathogens and play a crucial role in the function of the innate immune s ...
LECTURE OUTLINE
LECTURE OUTLINE

... Y-shaped molecules with two binding sites for foreign antigens. Types of Antibodies There are five major classes of antibodies: IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE. T Cells and Cell-Mediated Immunity T cells can only recognize an antigen when it is displayed to them by an antigenpresenting cell in conjuncti ...
Defence Against the Dark Arts..... or Infectious Diseases
Defence Against the Dark Arts..... or Infectious Diseases

... All cells have proteins on their cell membranes called ANTIGENS Antigens act as identity markers. Macrophages recognize body cells of the host by its antigens Foreign invaders will have different cell surface antigens which will cue macrophages to get rid of them ...
CAST OF CHARACTERS: WHITE BLOOD CELLS
CAST OF CHARACTERS: WHITE BLOOD CELLS

... Agranulocytes: leukocytes that lack visible cytoplasmic granules Lymphocyte: arises from bone marrow and becomes functionally mature in the lymphoid organs of the body - large #’s of them are found in the body but only a small number in the blood stream ...
Document
Document

... Cytotoxic T (killer T cells) cells ________________________body cells infected with a particular antigen and kill the cells. They kill infected cells by puncturing their membranes or initiating apoptosis (_______________________________________). Memory helper T cells enable the immune system ______ ...
Understanding the cell and its milieu
Understanding the cell and its milieu

... extra cellular space. As a result, the surrounding cell milieu is increasingly polluted, causing the impairment of cell respiration which contributes to the further build up of metabolic waste products resulting in acidaemia of the tissue and the accumulation of fluids. Attempts of the immune system ...
Prezentace aplikace PowerPoint
Prezentace aplikace PowerPoint

... Tr. SNP 1, Košice, Slovakia ...
Immunity and Vaccinations
Immunity and Vaccinations

... • Each one of these can produce clones that can make antibodies to destroy the antigen or disease agent • The secondary response is faster and greater than the primary response because it starts with a large number of memory cells rather than one B cell ...
What are DNA vaccines?
What are DNA vaccines?

... Advantages: DNA immunization offers many advantages over the traditional forms of vaccination. It is able to induce the expression of antigens that resemble native viral epitopes more closely than standard vaccines do since live attenuated and killed vaccines are often altered in their protein struc ...
PowerPoint Presentation - I. Introduction to class
PowerPoint Presentation - I. Introduction to class

... recognise and bind to antigens and protect us against circulating viruses, and bacteria and their toxins (free antigens). As many as 10 million different types of B cell develop in each of us and each one recognises one specific antigen. ...
Answers - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
Answers - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca

... Suppressor T Cells: Signal the immune system to shut down once the infection has been destroyed. Helper T Cells: first cells to recognize the antigen on the macrophage. Helper T’s do three things: 1. activate the killer T cells which search for invaders, 2. Have the body make more macrophages if req ...
News Release - האוניברסיטה העברית
News Release - האוניברסיטה העברית

... have discovered that Vav1 – an oncogene (cancer-causing gene) found in recent years to be one of the factors in tumorous tissue growth -- plays a wider role in several types of cancer than had previously been thought. The discovery has implications for further concentration on targeting this gene in ...
File
File

T cells - At the Forefront of Immuno
T cells - At the Forefront of Immuno

... malignant cells innately without contact with an antigen-presenting cell or antibody (this allows NK cells to launch rapid responses against stressed cells) • Can also attack based on recognition of antibodies on a cell surface ...
T cells
T cells

... malignant cells innately without contact with an antigen-presenting cell or antibody (this allows NK cells to launch rapid responses against stressed cells) • Can also attack based on recognition of antibodies on a cell surface ...
Malaria in the Immune System
Malaria in the Immune System

... move from an infected liver cell (pink) into a blood vessel full of red blood cells but avoid being 'eaten' by white blood cells of the immune system (blue). ...
Immune System
Immune System

... 3. Antigens are particles which can stimulate receptors on lymphocytes  only part of the foreign invader is antigenic 4. Antibodies are proteins produced by lymphocytes  light chain binds antigen Fig. 13.13  heavy chain binds to “destructive” processes in body Q: Is the light chain or the heavy c ...
PHA 321 - Biosciences II
PHA 321 - Biosciences II

Cell cooperation in immune response
Cell cooperation in immune response

... such as monocytes, macrophages and granulocytes which is also influenced by cellular communication. ...
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Immunomics

Immunomics is the study of immune system regulation and response to pathogens using genome-wide approaches. With the rise of genomic and proteomic technologies, scientists have been able to visualize biological networks and infer interrelationships between genes and/or proteins; recently, these technologies have been used to help better understand how the immune system functions and how it is regulated. Two thirds of the genome is active in one or more immune cell types and less than 1% of genes are uniquely expressed in a given type of cell. Therefore, it is critical that the expression patterns of these immune cell types be deciphered in the context of a network, and not as an individual, so that their roles be correctly characterized and related to one another. Defects of the immune system such as autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency, and malignancies can benefit from genomic insights on pathological processes. For example, analyzing the systematic variation of gene expression can relate these patterns with specific diseases and gene networks important for immune functions.Traditionally, scientists studying the immune system have had to search for antigens on an individual basis and identify the protein sequence of these antigens (“epitopes”) that would stimulate an immune response. This procedure required that antigens be isolated from whole cells, digested into smaller fragments, and tested against T- and B-cells to observe T- and B- cell responses. These classical approaches could only visualize this system as a static condition and required a large amount of time and labor.Immunomics has made this approach easier by its ability to look at the immune system as a whole and characterize it as a dynamic model. It has revealed that some of the immune system’s most distinguishing features are the continuous motility, turnover, and plasticity of its constituent cells. In addition, current genomic technologies, like microarrays, can capture immune system gene expression over time and can trace interactions of microorganisms with cells of the innate immune system. New, proteomic approaches, including T-cell and B-cells-epitope mapping, can also accelerate the pace at which scientists discover antibody-antigen relationships.
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