• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
histology of lymphoid organs lymphoid organs
histology of lymphoid organs lymphoid organs

... • Stem cell Æ myeloid lymphoid progenitor cells • Lymphoid progenitor cells Æ B lymphocytes & T lymphocytes ...
gupea_2077_32627_9
gupea_2077_32627_9

Document
Document

... Example 5. How does a vector find its host? Behavioral differences between related species or subspecies Odorant receptors (ORs) and odor detection Mosquito lineage-specific expansion, >70 OR genes Comparative genomics: What are the genetic basis for mosquito host finding behavior? ...
Lock and Key Model
Lock and Key Model

... • Molecules have a shape that only fits specific receptors • Ex. Square peg only fits into square hole ...
IL-33: an alarmin cytokine with crucial roles in
IL-33: an alarmin cytokine with crucial roles in

... After infection with the helminth Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and in response to IL-33, ILC2s expanded robustly and produced large amounts of IL-13, which led to goblet cell hyperplasia in the intestine and worm expulsion, even in the absence of adaptive immunity [7–9]. IL-33-deficient mice failed ...
Chapter 43. - Central High School
Chapter 43. - Central High School

... How do T cells know a cell is infected  Infected cells digest pathogens & MHC proteins bind & carry pieces to cell surface antigen presenting cells (APC)  alerts Helper T cells ...
Defenses Against Infection
Defenses Against Infection

... layers of dead cells that form the skin’s surface. But your skin doesn’t cover your entire body. Pathogens could easily enter your body through your mouth, nose, and eyes—if these tissues weren’t protected by other nonspecific defenses. For example, saliva, mucus, and tears contain lysozyme, an enzy ...
Recognition of Antigens
Recognition of Antigens

... Behring and Kitasato in 1890 that chemically inactivated toxins could induce protective immunity when injected into experimental animals, and that protection could be transferred to other susceptible animals by injecting serum from their immune counterparts ...
Introduction - Milan Area Schools
Introduction - Milan Area Schools

... Biotechnology can produce antigenic fragments that activate lymphocytes but do not have the harmful part of the protein toxin. ...
Antigen Presentation by B cells
Antigen Presentation by B cells

... by clonal expansion and differentiate into effector cells, which express receptors that enable them to migrate to sites of inflammation. (3) Although most effector cells are short-lived, a few antigen-experienced cells survive for a long time. These memory cells are subdivided into two populations o ...
Innate immune response in avian macrophages elicited by
Innate immune response in avian macrophages elicited by

... from RBs into infectious EBs, but retain their metabolic activity. Not much is known about how the innate immune system of the host is influenced by a C. psittaci infection. C. psittaci replicates in epithelial cells and macrophages of the avian respiratory tract. Subsequently, C. psittaci can be de ...
How do adaptive immune systems control
How do adaptive immune systems control

... Such clonal deletion is useful, but it is not sufficient to prevent all self-directed responses. For instance, this process cannot remove CD8 cells that act against selfantigens that are not found in the thymus; neither can it remove CD8 cells that are specific for those self-antigens that are expre ...
FZ Thesis (Abstract-Supplemental)_Final_one
FZ Thesis (Abstract-Supplemental)_Final_one

... through the production of interferons, chemokines and other cytokines. Recruitment of immune cells to the site of infection is mediated through chemokines [14]. In the current work, FMDV appears to induce expression of the CCL8 gene, an inflammatory mediator. The gene product of CCL8 is a chemokine ...
Monoclonal antibodies
Monoclonal antibodies

... Host toxicity: treatment discontinued, most of them had bad side-effects, such as no appetites, omit, lose hair ...
Platelets selectively recognize bacterial DNA independently of Toll
Platelets selectively recognize bacterial DNA independently of Toll

... Ø  In immune cells: major mechanism to discriminate pathogenic from self DNA is TLR 9 Ø  TLR 9 in platelets ...
Biochemistry of the immune system
Biochemistry of the immune system

... immunity. They have T-cell receptors (TCRs) on their surface for glycolipid antigen recognition. They also have natural killer (NK) cell receptors. – Through the cytokines they produce once activated, iNKT cells are essential in both innate and adaptive immune protection against pathogens and tumors ...
Effects of Microcin B17 on Microcin Bl7-immune Cells
Effects of Microcin B17 on Microcin Bl7-immune Cells

... Using operon fusions of Mud 1(ApRlac) and SOS genes ( r e d , s j A , umuC) we have shown that microcin B17 induced expression of P-galactosidase in immune cells as well as in microcinsensitive cells (Table 2). The extent of the induction depended on the microcin concentration. The immunity gene cop ...
Echinococcus granulosus
Echinococcus granulosus

... Risk in Humans CE has a public health concern where cysts can be located in almost all organs, with about 70% of cysts in the liver, 20% in the lungs, with the remainder involving other organs such as the kidney, spleen, brain, heart and bone. The parasite may physically damage tissues and organs w ...
Submission - Provisions of the Research Involving Embryos and
Submission - Provisions of the Research Involving Embryos and

... desirable improved properties. Finally, most existing cell lines have been derived with commercial funding and have some restrictions on their use. Many investigators feel that ES cell lines should be available in the public domain to researchers without such restrictions. 6. Adult and embryonic ste ...
Unit 3 Biology: Signatures of life
Unit 3 Biology: Signatures of life

Through the Microscope: Practical Laboratory Skills Megan
Through the Microscope: Practical Laboratory Skills Megan

... hospitals are bypassing the microscopic cell exam. Remember that machines are calibrated to read the ideal and healthy scenario and may miss some subtle morphology changes, and in emergency situations it is valuable for technicians to identify changes on a blood smear. The first step to blood smear ...
Herbal Medicines for Immunosuppression
Herbal Medicines for Immunosuppression

... The immune-committed cells recognize antigens trapped in the peripheral lymphoid tissues and are then activated. B cells produce antibodies that serve as receptors for antigens and can bind to pathogens to prevent or neutralize infection. T cells recognize antigen on the surface of antigen-presentin ...
Evolutionary Biology Examples
Evolutionary Biology Examples

... the surface of the pathogen, used by the immune system for identification) of the pathogen to a corresponding helper T cell. The presentation is done by integrating it into the cell membrane and displaying it attached to a MHC class II molecule, indicating to other white blood cells that the macroph ...
Chapter 9: Immunity Mediated by B Cells and Antibodies
Chapter 9: Immunity Mediated by B Cells and Antibodies

The Role of Candida Albicans in Human Illness
The Role of Candida Albicans in Human Illness

... but we do so with a diagnosis that makes us feel very educated and medically sophisticated. Yet the vast imperfections in our knowledge of physiologic disturbances, especially of the brain, together with the relative crudeness of our laboratory and x-ray diagnostic methods (modern and scientific tho ...
< 1 ... 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 ... 553 >

Immunomics

Immunomics is the study of immune system regulation and response to pathogens using genome-wide approaches. With the rise of genomic and proteomic technologies, scientists have been able to visualize biological networks and infer interrelationships between genes and/or proteins; recently, these technologies have been used to help better understand how the immune system functions and how it is regulated. Two thirds of the genome is active in one or more immune cell types and less than 1% of genes are uniquely expressed in a given type of cell. Therefore, it is critical that the expression patterns of these immune cell types be deciphered in the context of a network, and not as an individual, so that their roles be correctly characterized and related to one another. Defects of the immune system such as autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency, and malignancies can benefit from genomic insights on pathological processes. For example, analyzing the systematic variation of gene expression can relate these patterns with specific diseases and gene networks important for immune functions.Traditionally, scientists studying the immune system have had to search for antigens on an individual basis and identify the protein sequence of these antigens (“epitopes”) that would stimulate an immune response. This procedure required that antigens be isolated from whole cells, digested into smaller fragments, and tested against T- and B-cells to observe T- and B- cell responses. These classical approaches could only visualize this system as a static condition and required a large amount of time and labor.Immunomics has made this approach easier by its ability to look at the immune system as a whole and characterize it as a dynamic model. It has revealed that some of the immune system’s most distinguishing features are the continuous motility, turnover, and plasticity of its constituent cells. In addition, current genomic technologies, like microarrays, can capture immune system gene expression over time and can trace interactions of microorganisms with cells of the innate immune system. New, proteomic approaches, including T-cell and B-cells-epitope mapping, can also accelerate the pace at which scientists discover antibody-antigen relationships.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report