Virulence evolution and the trade-off hypothesis: history
... ‘trade-off’ hypothesis as an alternative to the then commonly accepted idea that parasites should always evolve towards avirulence (the ‘avirulence hypothesis’). The trade-off hypothesis states that virulence is an unavoidable consequence of parasite transmission; however, since the 1990s, this hypo ...
... ‘trade-off’ hypothesis as an alternative to the then commonly accepted idea that parasites should always evolve towards avirulence (the ‘avirulence hypothesis’). The trade-off hypothesis states that virulence is an unavoidable consequence of parasite transmission; however, since the 1990s, this hypo ...
Verotoxin -producing Escherichia coli Old Bug New Infections
... occurs as short rods from 2-3 microns long and 0.6 micron in breadth. Most E.coli strains reside harmlessly in the lumen of colon and seem to be poorly adapted to cause disease in healthy adults, there exists aplethora of pathotypes that can cause specific type of illness in both in normal hosts and ...
... occurs as short rods from 2-3 microns long and 0.6 micron in breadth. Most E.coli strains reside harmlessly in the lumen of colon and seem to be poorly adapted to cause disease in healthy adults, there exists aplethora of pathotypes that can cause specific type of illness in both in normal hosts and ...
Insoluble and soluble immune complexes activate neutrophils by
... insoluble complexes, activation of the respiratory burst occurred more rapidly, and activity reached a higher plateau value at around seven minutes after stimulation, compared with peak activity recorded at 10–11 minutes seen in unprimed cells. In contrast, the addition of soluble immune complexes t ...
... insoluble complexes, activation of the respiratory burst occurred more rapidly, and activity reached a higher plateau value at around seven minutes after stimulation, compared with peak activity recorded at 10–11 minutes seen in unprimed cells. In contrast, the addition of soluble immune complexes t ...
Reviews EVects of exercise on lymphocytes and cytokines
... we have proposed a model (fig 2) for the possible roles of stress hormones in mediating exercise induced immune changes during and after exercise. Adrenaline and to a lesser degree noradrenaline are responsible for acute exercise eVects on lymphocyte dynamics, including exercise eVects on NK cell ac ...
... we have proposed a model (fig 2) for the possible roles of stress hormones in mediating exercise induced immune changes during and after exercise. Adrenaline and to a lesser degree noradrenaline are responsible for acute exercise eVects on lymphocyte dynamics, including exercise eVects on NK cell ac ...
Integrator Networks: Illuminating the Black Box Linking Genotype
... pressure and heart rate, and the release of glucose by tissues (Sapolsky et al. 2000), all processes thought to help an individual endure or recover from a stressor. However, GCs also inhibit release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, promote antiinflammatory cytokine activities (Elenkov and Chrousos 20 ...
... pressure and heart rate, and the release of glucose by tissues (Sapolsky et al. 2000), all processes thought to help an individual endure or recover from a stressor. However, GCs also inhibit release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, promote antiinflammatory cytokine activities (Elenkov and Chrousos 20 ...
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, December 2006, p. 7594
... Netherlands: dunes, heather, forest, and a city park. Tick densities were calculated, and infection with Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species was investigated by reverse line blot analysis. The lowest tick density was observed in the heather area (1 to 8/100 m2). In the oak fores ...
... Netherlands: dunes, heather, forest, and a city park. Tick densities were calculated, and infection with Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species was investigated by reverse line blot analysis. The lowest tick density was observed in the heather area (1 to 8/100 m2). In the oak fores ...
nail_and_nailbed_disorders
... Treat underlying cause • Deformity of the nail or claw caused by abnormal growth (nail dystrophy or onychodystrophy) Treat underlying cause • Tumor or cancer Determined by biologic behavior of specific tumor Surgical removal of the tumor Amputation of toe Amputation of leg Chemotherapy ...
... Treat underlying cause • Deformity of the nail or claw caused by abnormal growth (nail dystrophy or onychodystrophy) Treat underlying cause • Tumor or cancer Determined by biologic behavior of specific tumor Surgical removal of the tumor Amputation of toe Amputation of leg Chemotherapy ...
F
... zoonoses are increasing in frequency each year. To compound these factors, antimicrobial resistance is a global threat and should be monitored to prevent its spread. The purpose of this Thesis was to investigate whether selected zoonotic pathogens are shared between free‐ranging live ...
... zoonoses are increasing in frequency each year. To compound these factors, antimicrobial resistance is a global threat and should be monitored to prevent its spread. The purpose of this Thesis was to investigate whether selected zoonotic pathogens are shared between free‐ranging live ...
Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Human Rhinoviruses in
... (URTI) and 1 was diagnosed with pneumonia. The 3 patients with HRVB infection were separately diag nosed with a lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), pneumonia, and viral myocarditis. Finally, of the 6 patients with HRVC infection, 2 had URTI, 3 had LRTI, and 1 had viral meningitis. However, ...
... (URTI) and 1 was diagnosed with pneumonia. The 3 patients with HRVB infection were separately diag nosed with a lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), pneumonia, and viral myocarditis. Finally, of the 6 patients with HRVC infection, 2 had URTI, 3 had LRTI, and 1 had viral meningitis. However, ...
Neutrophils in tuberculosis—first line of defence or booster of
... infection with a chronic pathogenesis that does not reflect the one observed in patients with active TB (Keller et al. 2006). In contrast, progressing disease with central necrotic granulomas associated with cell death and massive tissue destruction (primary TB) or with caseous pneumonia (post-prima ...
... infection with a chronic pathogenesis that does not reflect the one observed in patients with active TB (Keller et al. 2006). In contrast, progressing disease with central necrotic granulomas associated with cell death and massive tissue destruction (primary TB) or with caseous pneumonia (post-prima ...
Serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates
... distribution of the strains causing major diseases6,14. Certain serotypes of S. pneumoniae are more frequently associated with specific types of infections 6,15 . Even though information regarding serotype distribution of S. pneumoniae is available for both commensal and systemic isolates, such info ...
... distribution of the strains causing major diseases6,14. Certain serotypes of S. pneumoniae are more frequently associated with specific types of infections 6,15 . Even though information regarding serotype distribution of S. pneumoniae is available for both commensal and systemic isolates, such info ...
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. - Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and
... sclerosis.8,9 However, hyperactivation of oxidized LDL autoimmunity through immunization with LDL modified in vitro as well as with aldehyde-modified apoB-100 peptide sequences results in a marked inhibition of atherosclerosis.10 –14 This atheroprotective effect of immunization has, in some studies, ...
... sclerosis.8,9 However, hyperactivation of oxidized LDL autoimmunity through immunization with LDL modified in vitro as well as with aldehyde-modified apoB-100 peptide sequences results in a marked inhibition of atherosclerosis.10 –14 This atheroprotective effect of immunization has, in some studies, ...
to my CV - Office of Academic, Faculty and Student Affairs
... Interview with The Commercial Appeal Memphis, Tennessee May 23, 1991 "TB is Making a Grim Comeback" Lecture on "AIDS: The Obligation to Treat..." Beth Shalom Social Hall Memphis, Tennessee May 18, 1993 Interview with Channel 3 TV on West Nile Encephalitis 6/24/03 Interview with Memphis Medical News ...
... Interview with The Commercial Appeal Memphis, Tennessee May 23, 1991 "TB is Making a Grim Comeback" Lecture on "AIDS: The Obligation to Treat..." Beth Shalom Social Hall Memphis, Tennessee May 18, 1993 Interview with Channel 3 TV on West Nile Encephalitis 6/24/03 Interview with Memphis Medical News ...
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... infections among various age groups Age wise it was high in age group above 50 followed by 16- 50 and below 15 years. Economic status of the patient was also included in the study, in which it is high in poor. The prevalence is seen high in age group above 50 years and poor class people. Adults with ...
... infections among various age groups Age wise it was high in age group above 50 followed by 16- 50 and below 15 years. Economic status of the patient was also included in the study, in which it is high in poor. The prevalence is seen high in age group above 50 years and poor class people. Adults with ...
Photosynthetic and leaf water potential responses
... citricola Swada before declines in leaf water potential and the development of wilt symptoms were observed. Effects of Phytophthora pathogens on the water relations of woody plants may be complex, depending on the extent of phloem and xylem destruction. It was reported recently that, besides invadin ...
... citricola Swada before declines in leaf water potential and the development of wilt symptoms were observed. Effects of Phytophthora pathogens on the water relations of woody plants may be complex, depending on the extent of phloem and xylem destruction. It was reported recently that, besides invadin ...
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... short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria. Current evidence from mouse models indicates an association between increased maternal dietary MACs, SCFA exposure during pregnancy, and reduced offspring asthma that is, at least in part, mediated by the induction of regulatory T lymphocytes in the ...
... short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria. Current evidence from mouse models indicates an association between increased maternal dietary MACs, SCFA exposure during pregnancy, and reduced offspring asthma that is, at least in part, mediated by the induction of regulatory T lymphocytes in the ...
catarrhali
... respiratory tract of human. It is a common cause of bronchitis and bronchopneumonia seen in patients.(1)In infants it appears that seasonal nasopharyngeal colonization, peaking in winter is common. Infections are thought to represent extensions of colonized areas.(2).Studies have shown that organism ...
... respiratory tract of human. It is a common cause of bronchitis and bronchopneumonia seen in patients.(1)In infants it appears that seasonal nasopharyngeal colonization, peaking in winter is common. Infections are thought to represent extensions of colonized areas.(2).Studies have shown that organism ...
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... pressures and infectious challenges from microbes. Most parasitic nematodes inhabit the intestines of their hosts, co-existing with numerous microbial species. In studying these dynamics, researchers have focused extensively on the host-parasite relationship; more recently, the role of the microbiot ...
... pressures and infectious challenges from microbes. Most parasitic nematodes inhabit the intestines of their hosts, co-existing with numerous microbial species. In studying these dynamics, researchers have focused extensively on the host-parasite relationship; more recently, the role of the microbiot ...
Ecological fitness and strategies of adaptation of Bartonella
... Gram-negative bacteria that cause long-lasting intra-erythrocytic infections in their mammalian reservoirs and are mainly transmitted by arthropod vectors. With the exception of Bartonella bacilliformis and Bartonella quintana, most species or subspecies of Bartonella have been isolated or described ...
... Gram-negative bacteria that cause long-lasting intra-erythrocytic infections in their mammalian reservoirs and are mainly transmitted by arthropod vectors. With the exception of Bartonella bacilliformis and Bartonella quintana, most species or subspecies of Bartonella have been isolated or described ...
Interaction between Salmonella and Schistosomiasis: A Review
... Schistosomiasis can also cause long-term effects beyond the period of active infection. For example, infections have been found to be significantly associated with anemia, chronic pain, diarrhea, exercise intolerance, and malnutrition [25]. The parasite causes acute granulomatous and fibrotic injur ...
... Schistosomiasis can also cause long-term effects beyond the period of active infection. For example, infections have been found to be significantly associated with anemia, chronic pain, diarrhea, exercise intolerance, and malnutrition [25]. The parasite causes acute granulomatous and fibrotic injur ...
Understanding Host-Pathogen Interactions in Chronic CNS Infection
... Upon entry to the CNS, tachyzoite parasites appear to infect astrocytes, neurons, and microglial cells, possibly with different affinities. Parasite infiltration is followed by CD4+ and CD8+ T cell influx in a process still not fully understood, but which is critical for control of T. gondii CNS infect ...
... Upon entry to the CNS, tachyzoite parasites appear to infect astrocytes, neurons, and microglial cells, possibly with different affinities. Parasite infiltration is followed by CD4+ and CD8+ T cell influx in a process still not fully understood, but which is critical for control of T. gondii CNS infect ...
Murine models of susceptibility to tuberculosis
... has led to reservations about the suitability of this model. What is known, however, is that this model of latency can be reactivated upon administration of immunosuppressive agents. Using the Cornell model, or variations of this model, it has been shown that reactivation of M. tuberculosis can be i ...
... has led to reservations about the suitability of this model. What is known, however, is that this model of latency can be reactivated upon administration of immunosuppressive agents. Using the Cornell model, or variations of this model, it has been shown that reactivation of M. tuberculosis can be i ...
