A-type CpG ODN with higher binding affinity to LvToll1 could
... (TLR9) in mammals. In the present study, four types of CpG ODN (CpG-A, CpG-B CpG-C, and CpG-P) were synthesized and injected to the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in order to evaluate their immune enhancement effect in shrimp. The copy numbers of white spot syndrome virus in the shrimps treated with di ...
... (TLR9) in mammals. In the present study, four types of CpG ODN (CpG-A, CpG-B CpG-C, and CpG-P) were synthesized and injected to the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in order to evaluate their immune enhancement effect in shrimp. The copy numbers of white spot syndrome virus in the shrimps treated with di ...
The Definition and Measurement of Dangerous Research Alex Greninger CISSM
... Another possible definition of infectivity – one that will not be used in this paper but that is nonetheless worth being considered – is that of pathogenicity or virulence. Here, infectivity is a direct measurement of the incapacitation caused by an infection. For instance, influenza has a much ...
... Another possible definition of infectivity – one that will not be used in this paper but that is nonetheless worth being considered – is that of pathogenicity or virulence. Here, infectivity is a direct measurement of the incapacitation caused by an infection. For instance, influenza has a much ...
Research Report 2012 | 2013
... we develop point-of-care tests for acute infections. We even proceed one step further in the project “InfectControl 2020 – New Anti-Infective Strategies – Science • Society • Economy”, which is also funded by the Federal Ministry for Education and Research. Especially East German research institutio ...
... we develop point-of-care tests for acute infections. We even proceed one step further in the project “InfectControl 2020 – New Anti-Infective Strategies – Science • Society • Economy”, which is also funded by the Federal Ministry for Education and Research. Especially East German research institutio ...
Influenza A virus transmission: contributing factors
... of seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses is well known; the contagious nature of influenza has been documented by epidemiological studies from outbreaks occurring among diverse populations and locations, including cruise ships, school dormitories, hospitals and nursing homes (Refs 10, 11, 12, 13, ...
... of seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses is well known; the contagious nature of influenza has been documented by epidemiological studies from outbreaks occurring among diverse populations and locations, including cruise ships, school dormitories, hospitals and nursing homes (Refs 10, 11, 12, 13, ...
Virulence in malaria: an evolutionary viewpoint
... genetics and parasite genetics (reviewed in Greenwood et al. 1991; Marsh 1992; Baird 1998; Phillips 2001; Miller et al. 2002). The relative importance of these different factors has not been well quantified. In one study in an area of low endemicity in Sri Lanka where P. vivax—a less virulent human ...
... genetics and parasite genetics (reviewed in Greenwood et al. 1991; Marsh 1992; Baird 1998; Phillips 2001; Miller et al. 2002). The relative importance of these different factors has not been well quantified. In one study in an area of low endemicity in Sri Lanka where P. vivax—a less virulent human ...
Distinct and Separable Roles of the Complement System in Factor H
... platelet and not other blood cells, such as the erythrocyte, despite their continuous exposure to plasma proteins (5). By analogy to erythrocyte CR1, we considered it possible that platelets are endowed with Cfh upon exit from the bone marrow. To investigate this, we cultured megakaryocytes from nor ...
... platelet and not other blood cells, such as the erythrocyte, despite their continuous exposure to plasma proteins (5). By analogy to erythrocyte CR1, we considered it possible that platelets are endowed with Cfh upon exit from the bone marrow. To investigate this, we cultured megakaryocytes from nor ...
Prolonged suckling period in organic piglet production – Effects on
... The trial was performed from spring 2006 to mid 2007 at the experimental organic farm of the Institute of Organic Farming of the Federal Agricultural Research Centre in Trenthorst, Germany, in accordance with Regulation 2092/91/EEC and the IFOAM Basic Guidelines. A total of 44 sows of the genotype “ ...
... The trial was performed from spring 2006 to mid 2007 at the experimental organic farm of the Institute of Organic Farming of the Federal Agricultural Research Centre in Trenthorst, Germany, in accordance with Regulation 2092/91/EEC and the IFOAM Basic Guidelines. A total of 44 sows of the genotype “ ...
SERIES ‘‘HOT TOPICS IN PAEDIATRIC ASTHMA’’ Number 2 in this Series
... exacerbations were defined as events that require urgent action to prevent serious outcomes, such as hospitalisation or death, whereas moderate exacerbations as events troublesome to the patient that prompt a change in treatment and are outside the patient’s usual range of day-to-day asthma variatio ...
... exacerbations were defined as events that require urgent action to prevent serious outcomes, such as hospitalisation or death, whereas moderate exacerbations as events troublesome to the patient that prompt a change in treatment and are outside the patient’s usual range of day-to-day asthma variatio ...
Arterial catheter-related bloodstream infection: incidence
... Arterial catheter-related BSIs were caused by coagulasenegative staphylococci (N ¼ 8), Staphylococcus aureus (N ¼ 1), enterococci (N ¼ 1) and Burkholderia cepacia (N ¼ 1). Ten BSIs occurred with radial arterial catheters (694 catheters, 2619 catheter-days, 1.4%, 3.8 per 1000 catheter-days) and one w ...
... Arterial catheter-related BSIs were caused by coagulasenegative staphylococci (N ¼ 8), Staphylococcus aureus (N ¼ 1), enterococci (N ¼ 1) and Burkholderia cepacia (N ¼ 1). Ten BSIs occurred with radial arterial catheters (694 catheters, 2619 catheter-days, 1.4%, 3.8 per 1000 catheter-days) and one w ...
Parasite resistance and the adaptive significance of sleep The
... able to analyze data for 26 mammalian species while controlling for confounding factors (body size and activity period; see the Methods for details). As expected if sleep enhances immune defences, species that engaged in more sleep had higher numbers of white blood cells circulating in peripheral bl ...
... able to analyze data for 26 mammalian species while controlling for confounding factors (body size and activity period; see the Methods for details). As expected if sleep enhances immune defences, species that engaged in more sleep had higher numbers of white blood cells circulating in peripheral bl ...
Pathogenesis of Noroviruses, Emerging RNA Viruses
... However, disease can be much more severe and prolonged in infants, elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Norovirus outbreaks frequently occur in semi-closed communities such as nursing homes, military settings, schools, hospitals, cruise ships, and disaster relief situations. Noroviruses are c ...
... However, disease can be much more severe and prolonged in infants, elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Norovirus outbreaks frequently occur in semi-closed communities such as nursing homes, military settings, schools, hospitals, cruise ships, and disaster relief situations. Noroviruses are c ...
Cervarix-H-C-721-P46-0088: EPAR - EMA
... Use of concomitant medication (e.g. prophylactic use of antibiotics or antipyretics) throughout the study period (from Day 0 up to Month 36) in all groups. ...
... Use of concomitant medication (e.g. prophylactic use of antibiotics or antipyretics) throughout the study period (from Day 0 up to Month 36) in all groups. ...
Strategies of the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica to evade
... and Podolsky 2000). Molecules expressed specifically by E. histolytica could be recognized by these systems and used to distinguish between pathogenic and non-pathogenic ameoba. The first step in bowel invasion by E. histolytica, is the binding of the trophozoites to IEC. This binding is mediated ma ...
... and Podolsky 2000). Molecules expressed specifically by E. histolytica could be recognized by these systems and used to distinguish between pathogenic and non-pathogenic ameoba. The first step in bowel invasion by E. histolytica, is the binding of the trophozoites to IEC. This binding is mediated ma ...
tularaemia WHO GUIdelInes On EpidEmic and pandEmic alErt and rEsponsE
... with frequent outbreaks are close to regions that are completely free of tularaemia. There is also a wide variation with time. In an endemic area, tularaemia may occur annually within a 5-year period, but may also be absent for more than a decade. The reasons for this temporal variation in the occur ...
... with frequent outbreaks are close to regions that are completely free of tularaemia. There is also a wide variation with time. In an endemic area, tularaemia may occur annually within a 5-year period, but may also be absent for more than a decade. The reasons for this temporal variation in the occur ...
Document
... bronchial epithelium that fully differentiates into ciliary beating and mucus-producing cells.65 ...
... bronchial epithelium that fully differentiates into ciliary beating and mucus-producing cells.65 ...
Form for annual reconfirmation
... 8. Have regulatory measures for the prevention and control of PPR been changed during the past 12 months? 9. Has any animals vaccinated against PPR been introduced in the free zone since the cessation of vaccination? 10. Have any changes in the epidemiological situation or other significant events r ...
... 8. Have regulatory measures for the prevention and control of PPR been changed during the past 12 months? 9. Has any animals vaccinated against PPR been introduced in the free zone since the cessation of vaccination? 10. Have any changes in the epidemiological situation or other significant events r ...
Presence of Bartonella spp. in Various Human
... are the strongest risk factors for cat scratch disease and bacillary angiomatosis (Tappero et al., 1993; Zangwill et al., 1993; Chomel et al., 2006). In our studies among 15 tested cats owners more than half of them (53.3%) had B. henselae IgG antibodies in high titers. Among blood donors only 24% ...
... are the strongest risk factors for cat scratch disease and bacillary angiomatosis (Tappero et al., 1993; Zangwill et al., 1993; Chomel et al., 2006). In our studies among 15 tested cats owners more than half of them (53.3%) had B. henselae IgG antibodies in high titers. Among blood donors only 24% ...
Eosinophil in health and disease
... bloodstream are depicted schematically, highlighting key cytokines and chemokines. Both differentiative and migratory events are critical in the participation of hemopoietic and, specifically, eosinophilopoietic progenitors in allergic diseases and asthma Eosinophil progenitors are now emerging as e ...
... bloodstream are depicted schematically, highlighting key cytokines and chemokines. Both differentiative and migratory events are critical in the participation of hemopoietic and, specifically, eosinophilopoietic progenitors in allergic diseases and asthma Eosinophil progenitors are now emerging as e ...
Parasite Resistance and the Adaptive Significance of Sleep
... able to analyze data for 26 mammalian species while controlling for confounding factors (body size and activity period; see the Methods for details). As expected if sleep enhances immune defences, species that engaged in more sleep had higher numbers of white blood cells circulating in peripheral bl ...
... able to analyze data for 26 mammalian species while controlling for confounding factors (body size and activity period; see the Methods for details). As expected if sleep enhances immune defences, species that engaged in more sleep had higher numbers of white blood cells circulating in peripheral bl ...
meriones shawi - ISI International Scientific Indexing
... captured at a magnification of x 400, and were transferred by means of the RGB (red, green, blue) system. The regions of the tissue sections that have debris or poor histological quality were interactively excluded from analysis to increase the accuracy. A strategy designed by Carol et al.[14] was a ...
... captured at a magnification of x 400, and were transferred by means of the RGB (red, green, blue) system. The regions of the tissue sections that have debris or poor histological quality were interactively excluded from analysis to increase the accuracy. A strategy designed by Carol et al.[14] was a ...
Introduction to Skin Infections – For School Nurses
... – Bathe or shower daily, especially after exercise. – Do not reuse soiled clothing. – Avoid sharing towels, washcloths, or other personal items. • Clean shared surfaces and sports equipment regularly. • Don't scratch or pick on the lesions. ...
... – Bathe or shower daily, especially after exercise. – Do not reuse soiled clothing. – Avoid sharing towels, washcloths, or other personal items. • Clean shared surfaces and sports equipment regularly. • Don't scratch or pick on the lesions. ...
LACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS = Not good, and for - Nutri-Spec
... Here we have yet another study using Lactobacillus acidophilus in combination with other probiotics in a controlled trial to determine any benefit for IBS. This study did show benefit to IBS patients from the probiotics, but, the multispecies probiotic used in the test group included several species ...
... Here we have yet another study using Lactobacillus acidophilus in combination with other probiotics in a controlled trial to determine any benefit for IBS. This study did show benefit to IBS patients from the probiotics, but, the multispecies probiotic used in the test group included several species ...