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Acquired resistance
Acquired resistance

... • Bacteria lurking in soil in the 1960s and 70s resist an antibiotic that didn't exist then. • Three strains of what amount to future-predicting bacteria showed extreme resistance to six common antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin, which was first sold in 1989. • One strain of soil bacteria was eve ...


... In another study, the sources of nosocomial Citrobacter infection were indicated to be the hands of medical staff, water for injection, face masks, nasal prongs, stethoscopes, etc. [32]. However, the current study showed that Citrobacter species was the second most common isolate from cockroaches re ...
ID Fellows Case Conference - City-Wide Infectious Diseases Case
ID Fellows Case Conference - City-Wide Infectious Diseases Case

... and autologous SCT. Clin. Lab Haem 2001;23:253-254. 3. Au, Ma, Cheng, Ooi, and Lie. Disseminated zoster, hyponatremia, severe abdominal pain and leukemia relapse: recognition of a new clinical quartet after BMT. British J of Dermatology 2003; 149: 862-5. 4. Rau et al. Triad of severe abdominal pain, ...
CHAPTER 7 COMMUNICABLE DISEASE Article 1: Definitions
CHAPTER 7 COMMUNICABLE DISEASE Article 1: Definitions

... discernible clinical disease and serves as a potential source of infection. Sec. 7-102 “Case” means a person who harbors a communicable disease, usually in the presence of discernible clinical disease, symptoms, or signs and may serve as a potential source of infection. Specific case definitions wil ...


... patient reported trauma to that area which resulted from her wearing a boot for five consecutive days due to snow. Swabbings of the lesion sent for culture grew Corynebacterium species, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The Corynebacterium was not further speciated because it wa ...
Knowledge and Attitude towards Droplet and Airborne Isolation
Knowledge and Attitude towards Droplet and Airborne Isolation

... for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have developed universal precautionary measures for infection control in dental settings. With strict practice, these guidelines were developed to prevent the spread of nosocomial infections among dental health professionals and their patients. Tuberculosis i ...
This is an update on Ebola to help you understand... forward with your work in Spain.  Ebola has certainly... EBOLA INFORMATION SHEET
This is an update on Ebola to help you understand... forward with your work in Spain. Ebola has certainly... EBOLA INFORMATION SHEET

... as monkey, chimpanzees and gorillas) that have become infected by bats.  EVD has not been transmitted from beef, pork, lamb or chicken, even if it is undercooked.  Human to human EVD transmission is only achieved by physical contact with a person or his/her body fluids. Infectious patients must be ...
Lassa Fever, Marburg and Ebola Virus
Lassa Fever, Marburg and Ebola Virus

... Maintaining oxygen status and blood pressure. Treating other infections if they occur. Recovery from severe VHFs depends on good supportive care and the patient's immune response. Secondary prevention requires total isolation of affected patients. Personal protective equipment must be worn and regul ...
Bacteriophages: antibacterials with a future?
Bacteriophages: antibacterials with a future?

... for example, found in lung cancer were as a result of gene swapping thru phages among the Actinomycetales [27]. Likewise in AIDS, multi-drug-resistant MTB and M. avium can be traced to probable interspecies phage transfer. In fact, many of man’s deadly bacterial epidemics were and are a by-product o ...
Screening field collected Lepidoptera larvae for new virus isolates
Screening field collected Lepidoptera larvae for new virus isolates

... Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; (3) Sylvar Technologies Inc., Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada ...
bloodborne pathogens 2014 - Sanilac County Mental Health
bloodborne pathogens 2014 - Sanilac County Mental Health

... Gloves need to be changed after contact with each patient. Hands and other skin surfaces should be washed immediately after gloves are removed. Gloves should reduce the incidence of blood contamination of hands during phlebotomy, but they cannot prevent penetrating injuries caused by needles or othe ...
Vaccine preventable diseases (Topic 3) 12 MB
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... • Latest studies show protection 7 years post vaccination – ongoing ...
a search for novel therapeutics and vaccines
a search for novel therapeutics and vaccines

... whether or not the survival and replication of M. tuberculosis within macrophages is influenced by the receptor and/or the type of macrophage which mediates the uptake of the mycobacterium. Knowledge about this interaction should help us to design novel stategies and therapeutics that will subvert t ...
Medical Monitoring Systems
Medical Monitoring Systems

Avian Influenza Fact Sheet - Rutgers Food Policy Institute
Avian Influenza Fact Sheet - Rutgers Food Policy Institute

... birds become infected when they have contact with contaminated excretions or with surfaces that are contaminated with excretions or secretions. Does avian influenza infect humans? The avian influenza viruses are highly species specific and do not usually infect humans. However, on rare occasions, th ...
Cutaneous - Eurosurveillance
Cutaneous - Eurosurveillance

... Twenty-five per cent of the total of female cases were in the gynaecological or obstetric setting. Among the female cases there have been notifications throughout the 1990s and 2000 of classical Semmelweissian puerperal fever; some of the patients were only in their early 20s, and some died. Like ot ...
Ebola Virus Disease Information for Travellers
Ebola Virus Disease Information for Travellers

...  Injury from needles and other sharp implements contaminated by the blood of a dead or living infected person or animal  Direct exposure through broken skin or mucous membranes (e.g. in the mouth, under eyelids) to areas/items that have become contaminated with an Ebola patient’s infectious fluids ...
Theileria parva infections
Theileria parva infections

... Zimbabwe theileriosis. There is currently no sound scientific reason for retaining the subspecies classification, as the parasite causing the disease is indistinguishable from cattle-derived T. parva from 5|Page ...
Cannulation of Vascular Access
Cannulation of Vascular Access

... be reduced in buttonhole technique Infections are increased in buttonhole cannulation compared to stepladder cannulation Use of buttonholes should be limited to those patients with difficult cannulation or short segments unless strict infection control measures including topical antibiotics can be a ...
Miscellaneous Arboviruses
Miscellaneous Arboviruses

... While the geographic distribution of KUNV and MVEV overlap, the latter is more widely distributed. The term “Australian encephalitis” (AE) has been used to indicate encephalitis induced by infection with either MVEV and/or KUNV. However, because these are different viruses, with slightly different ...
Age prevalence of H. pylori in Western countries
Age prevalence of H. pylori in Western countries

... After three days of intravenous hydrocortisone, the presence of ...
course syllabus - MU BERT
course syllabus - MU BERT

... Catalogue for definitions of cheating, falsification, bribes and complicity. 2) Students with Disabilities: The Marshall University H.E.L.P. program is committed to providing assistance through individual tutoring, mentoring and support, as well as fair and legal access to educational opportunities ...
Age prevalence of H. pylori in Western countries
Age prevalence of H. pylori in Western countries

... After three days of intravenous hydrocortisone, the presence of ...
Lab 28
Lab 28

... 0.1ml → x 10 (0.1ml is 1/10 of 1ml) 0.2ml → x 5 (0.2ml is 1/5 of 1ml) 0.4 ml → x 2.5 (0.4ml is 2/5 of 1ml) ...
Amoxicillin-associated rash in glandular fever
Amoxicillin-associated rash in glandular fever

... Glandular fever, otherwise termed infectious mononucleosis, is a common cause of severe pharyngitis in adolescents and young adults. It is associated with acute Epstein-Barr virus infection. It is recognised that in the context of acute glandular fever, some antibiotics, notably ampicillin and amoxi ...
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Hospital-acquired infection



Hospital-acquired infection (HAI) — also known as nosocomial infection — is an infection whose development is favored by a hospital environment, such as one acquired by a patient during a hospital visit or one developing among hospital staff. In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated roughly 1.7 million hospital-associated infections, from all types of microorganisms, including bacteria, combined, cause or contribute to 99,000 deaths each year. In Europe, where hospital surveys have been conducted, the category of gram-negative infections are estimated to account for two-thirds of the 25,000 deaths each year. Nosocomial infections can cause severe pneumonia and infections of the urinary tract, bloodstream and other parts of the body. Many types are difficult to attack with antibiotics, and antibiotic resistance is spreading to gram-negative bacteria that can infect people outside the hospital.Hospital-acquired infections are an important category of hospital-acquired conditions. HAI is sometimes expanded as healthcare-associated infection to emphasize that infections can be correlated with health care in various settings (not just hospitals), which is also true of hospital-acquired conditions generally.
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