A Novel Size-Based Sorting Mechanism of Pinocytic Luminal
... retained in the pinosomal lumen. This early size-based sorting of pinosomal contents relied on the formation of transient tunnel between pinosomes and lysosomes in a Rab7- and dynamin II-dependent manner, which allowed the small contents to pass through but restricted large ones. Inhibition of the s ...
... retained in the pinosomal lumen. This early size-based sorting of pinosomal contents relied on the formation of transient tunnel between pinosomes and lysosomes in a Rab7- and dynamin II-dependent manner, which allowed the small contents to pass through but restricted large ones. Inhibition of the s ...
Cytolytic viruses as potential anti
... Attempts to achieve tumour-selective binding and internalization of virus The manner in which tumour-selective binding and internalization is achieved is dependent upon the virus and its natural tropism. For example, with a virus that naturally infects only a very narrow range of cell types, one may ...
... Attempts to achieve tumour-selective binding and internalization of virus The manner in which tumour-selective binding and internalization is achieved is dependent upon the virus and its natural tropism. For example, with a virus that naturally infects only a very narrow range of cell types, one may ...
TNF receptor 2 pathway: drug target for autoimmune diseases
... are activated by their cognate antigens in the pancreas, they mature into autoreactive T cells. These cells have been found to be sensitive to death, induced by exogenous, low-dose TNF exposure. This is due to a defect in the activation of NF-κB26, which means that pro-survival genes are not transcr ...
... are activated by their cognate antigens in the pancreas, they mature into autoreactive T cells. These cells have been found to be sensitive to death, induced by exogenous, low-dose TNF exposure. This is due to a defect in the activation of NF-κB26, which means that pro-survival genes are not transcr ...
Infectious Bronchitis in Poultry: Constraints and Biotechnological
... IBV stimulates the production of different chemokines (CXCR4, CCR6, factors derived from stromal cell), interferon type 1 and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1$) (Guo et al., 2008) which act in synergy to activate the migration of specific immune cells to sites of viruses entering (Caron, 2010). Cytotoxic T ...
... IBV stimulates the production of different chemokines (CXCR4, CCR6, factors derived from stromal cell), interferon type 1 and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1$) (Guo et al., 2008) which act in synergy to activate the migration of specific immune cells to sites of viruses entering (Caron, 2010). Cytotoxic T ...
Immunotoxicity - KSU Faculty Member websites
... O,O,S-TMP O,O,S-trimethylphosphorothiate TNF tumour necrosis factor UVB ultraviolet B UVR ultraviolet radiation VCAM vascular cell adhesion molecule VLA very late antigen ...
... O,O,S-TMP O,O,S-trimethylphosphorothiate TNF tumour necrosis factor UVB ultraviolet B UVR ultraviolet radiation VCAM vascular cell adhesion molecule VLA very late antigen ...
Immunotherapy and Prevention
... Type I, or anaphylactic, react ions often occur within 2 to 30 minutes after a person sensitized to an antigen is reexposed to that antigen. Anaphylaxis means opposite of protected," from the prefix ana-, meaning against, and the Greek phylaxis, meaning protection. Anaphylaxis is an inclusive term f ...
... Type I, or anaphylactic, react ions often occur within 2 to 30 minutes after a person sensitized to an antigen is reexposed to that antigen. Anaphylaxis means opposite of protected," from the prefix ana-, meaning against, and the Greek phylaxis, meaning protection. Anaphylaxis is an inclusive term f ...
Thymosin α1 accelerates restoration of T cell
... the proportion of CD4qCD8q double-positive cells, proliferating and progressing to CD4qor CD8q single-positive mature thymocytes, were profoundly reduced in mice treated with 5-FU. Intraperitoneal administration of 30 m grkg of thymosin a 1, which is in the range of clinical and experimental usage w ...
... the proportion of CD4qCD8q double-positive cells, proliferating and progressing to CD4qor CD8q single-positive mature thymocytes, were profoundly reduced in mice treated with 5-FU. Intraperitoneal administration of 30 m grkg of thymosin a 1, which is in the range of clinical and experimental usage w ...
History of Immunology
... disease that the sick and the dying found most compassion. These knew what it was from experience, and had now no fear for themselves; for the same man was never attacked twice - never at least fatally” Resistance to re-infection-Immunity Department of Immunology ...
... disease that the sick and the dying found most compassion. These knew what it was from experience, and had now no fear for themselves; for the same man was never attacked twice - never at least fatally” Resistance to re-infection-Immunity Department of Immunology ...
Identification of a new monosaccharide in Mycobacterium
... outside the plant kingdom. Presumably, the biosynthetic precursor of MTX is methylthioadenosine – a ubiquitous by-product of polyamine biosynthesis that is derived from SAM. Nevertheless, Mtb invests significant biosynthetic effort into incorporating MTX into its cell wall, which implies that this ...
... outside the plant kingdom. Presumably, the biosynthetic precursor of MTX is methylthioadenosine – a ubiquitous by-product of polyamine biosynthesis that is derived from SAM. Nevertheless, Mtb invests significant biosynthetic effort into incorporating MTX into its cell wall, which implies that this ...
Modelling the effects of bacterial cell state and spatial
... dynamics of antibiotics and chemokine molecules are chosen in a similar way. Oxygen is lighter in comparison to the drugs, with a molecular weight of 32 amu (Hlatky and Alpen, 1985), and hence it diffuses faster than most of the drugs and the chemokine molecules. The chemokine molecules diffuse slow ...
... dynamics of antibiotics and chemokine molecules are chosen in a similar way. Oxygen is lighter in comparison to the drugs, with a molecular weight of 32 amu (Hlatky and Alpen, 1985), and hence it diffuses faster than most of the drugs and the chemokine molecules. The chemokine molecules diffuse slow ...
ABSTRACT - Johns Hopkins University
... model of graft versus host disease. ................................................................................... 54 Figure 11. Pretreatment of mouse tumors with methyl ester sialidase inhibitor does not increase surface galectin-3. ............................................................. ...
... model of graft versus host disease. ................................................................................... 54 Figure 11. Pretreatment of mouse tumors with methyl ester sialidase inhibitor does not increase surface galectin-3. ............................................................. ...
Tips to Remember: What is an allergic reaction
... vasoactive amine) causes several allergic symptoms. 1) It contributes to an inflammatory response. 2) It causes constriction of smooth muscle. Histamine can cause inflammation directly as well as indirectly. Upon release of histamine by an antigen activated mast cell, permeability of vessels near th ...
... vasoactive amine) causes several allergic symptoms. 1) It contributes to an inflammatory response. 2) It causes constriction of smooth muscle. Histamine can cause inflammation directly as well as indirectly. Upon release of histamine by an antigen activated mast cell, permeability of vessels near th ...
A Review of Artificial Immune System Based Security Frameworks
... a type of cell which is native to the innate arm of the immune system [5]. DCs are responsible for the initial detection of intruders, including bacteria and parasites by responding to the damage caused by the invading entity. Natural DCs receive sensory input in the form of molecules, which can ind ...
... a type of cell which is native to the innate arm of the immune system [5]. DCs are responsible for the initial detection of intruders, including bacteria and parasites by responding to the damage caused by the invading entity. Natural DCs receive sensory input in the form of molecules, which can ind ...
Long-Term Protective Immunity Induced Against
... of drugs that have much diminished past morbidity and mortality rates. Drugs used for treatment are not effective in chronically infected individuals and parasites naturally resistant to chemotherapy have been described in various regions of Latin America (Urbina, 2001; Camandaroba et al., 2003). Th ...
... of drugs that have much diminished past morbidity and mortality rates. Drugs used for treatment are not effective in chronically infected individuals and parasites naturally resistant to chemotherapy have been described in various regions of Latin America (Urbina, 2001; Camandaroba et al., 2003). Th ...
SFTA3, a novel protein of the lung: Three
... contribute to the innate immune defence against inhaled pathogens and moreover act as anti-inflammatory substances [2]. Lung SPs are mainly secreted by alveolar type II cells. Four different lung SPs have been described to date: two hydrophobic proteins, SP-B and SP-C, and two collectin-like protein ...
... contribute to the innate immune defence against inhaled pathogens and moreover act as anti-inflammatory substances [2]. Lung SPs are mainly secreted by alveolar type II cells. Four different lung SPs have been described to date: two hydrophobic proteins, SP-B and SP-C, and two collectin-like protein ...
Antibody-Selected Mimics of Hepatitis C Virus Hypervariable Region
... preventing the replication of escape mutants by eliciting a T- and B-cell repertoire directed against many viral variants. The hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of the putative envelope 2 protein that presents B and T epitopes shown to induce protective immunity against hepatitis C virus (HCV), might be ...
... preventing the replication of escape mutants by eliciting a T- and B-cell repertoire directed against many viral variants. The hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of the putative envelope 2 protein that presents B and T epitopes shown to induce protective immunity against hepatitis C virus (HCV), might be ...
T Cell Memory in the Context of Persistent Herpes Viral Infections
... past and to mount faster and stronger responses each time the same pathogen is encountered. Since the discovery of vaccination and passive immunization in the late 19th – early 20th, the ability to memorize pathogens and confer protection has been for long time attributed uniquely to antibody-produc ...
... past and to mount faster and stronger responses each time the same pathogen is encountered. Since the discovery of vaccination and passive immunization in the late 19th – early 20th, the ability to memorize pathogens and confer protection has been for long time attributed uniquely to antibody-produc ...
Growth in Mice B Cell Depletion Enhances B16 Melanoma T Cell
... cells. However, B cells have multiple other functions that either positively or negatively influence cellular immunity. For example, B cells can positively regulate cellular immune responses by serving as APCs and/or by providing costimulatory signals to T cells (1, 2). Regulatory B cells (B10 cells ...
... cells. However, B cells have multiple other functions that either positively or negatively influence cellular immunity. For example, B cells can positively regulate cellular immune responses by serving as APCs and/or by providing costimulatory signals to T cells (1, 2). Regulatory B cells (B10 cells ...
Human Cytomegalovirus Manipulation of Latently Infected Cells
... that the cells of the myeloid lineage represent at least one important site of HCMV latency, persistence, and reactivation (reviewed in [6]). Thus, at a cellular level, there is a clear and intimate link between myeloid differentiation and natural HCMV reactivation [7–14]. Furthermore, the use of ex ...
... that the cells of the myeloid lineage represent at least one important site of HCMV latency, persistence, and reactivation (reviewed in [6]). Thus, at a cellular level, there is a clear and intimate link between myeloid differentiation and natural HCMV reactivation [7–14]. Furthermore, the use of ex ...
Advances-in-Wound-care-2007 - Rex Moulton
... • Traditional delivery required repeated applications due to binding with chlorine and proteins • New silver dressings allow for continued silver release in to the dressing - up to 7 days 17Demling ...
... • Traditional delivery required repeated applications due to binding with chlorine and proteins • New silver dressings allow for continued silver release in to the dressing - up to 7 days 17Demling ...
Innate immune system
The innate immune system, also known as the nonspecific immune system, is an important subsystem of the overall immune system that comprises the cells and mechanisms that defend the host from infection by other organisms. The cells of the innate system recognize and respond to pathogens in a generic way, but, unlike the adaptive immune system (which is found only in vertebrates), it does not confer long-lasting or protective immunity to the host. Innate immune systems provide immediate defense against infection, and are found in all classes of plant and animal life. They include both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.The innate immune system is an evolutionarily older defense strategy, and is the dominant immune system found in plants, fungi, insects, and primitive multicellular organisms.The major functions of the vertebrate innate immune system include: Recruiting immune cells to sites of infection, through the production of chemical factors, including specialized chemical mediators, called cytokines Activation of the complement cascade to identify bacteria, activate cells, and promote clearance of antibody complexes or dead cells The identification and removal of foreign substances present in organs, tissues, the blood and lymph, by specialised white blood cells Activation of the adaptive immune system through a process known as antigen presentation Acting as a physical and chemical barrier to infectious agents.↑ ↑ ↑