The Role of Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Complexes
... Thus, it appears that both mTORC1 and mTORC2 pathways play a role during the immune response. 2.4. mTOR Pathways and Metabolism 2.4.1. mTOR Regulation of Anabolic and Catabolic Pathways mTOR, the downstream target of insulin action (Figure 1), influences the regulation of gene transcription [60,61] ...
... Thus, it appears that both mTORC1 and mTORC2 pathways play a role during the immune response. 2.4. mTOR Pathways and Metabolism 2.4.1. mTOR Regulation of Anabolic and Catabolic Pathways mTOR, the downstream target of insulin action (Figure 1), influences the regulation of gene transcription [60,61] ...
The Inherent Premise of Immunotherapy for
... concurrently induce apoptosis and inhibit tumor cell proliferation. This dual function of cancer therapies is apparent because of the heterogeneity of the tumor cells differentially responding to treatment, that is, cell death versus growth inhibition. In fact, residual surviving tumor cells that es ...
... concurrently induce apoptosis and inhibit tumor cell proliferation. This dual function of cancer therapies is apparent because of the heterogeneity of the tumor cells differentially responding to treatment, that is, cell death versus growth inhibition. In fact, residual surviving tumor cells that es ...
Antibody Engineering and Therapeutics 2016
... and V–J gene segments lend further diversity to the antigen-contacting regions of Igs and TcRs: imprecise joining, and the addition of N and P nucleotides. Thus, the diversity of the initial, “na€ıve” repertoires is produced both by combinatorial diversity at the levels of germline gene recombinatio ...
... and V–J gene segments lend further diversity to the antigen-contacting regions of Igs and TcRs: imprecise joining, and the addition of N and P nucleotides. Thus, the diversity of the initial, “na€ıve” repertoires is produced both by combinatorial diversity at the levels of germline gene recombinatio ...
Essential Oils for Immune System Disorders
... Normally, the immune system produces white blood cells to protect the body from antigens such as bacteria, virus, and an assortment of toxins that may harm the body. There are a number of things can have a direct impact on your system, as well as when the immune system cannot distinguish between hea ...
... Normally, the immune system produces white blood cells to protect the body from antigens such as bacteria, virus, and an assortment of toxins that may harm the body. There are a number of things can have a direct impact on your system, as well as when the immune system cannot distinguish between hea ...
immunology core notes
... A next level of defense is manifested by a variety of cells and serum molecules which may promote ingestion and killing of potentially infectious organisms, cells including macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells, and molecules including complement and defensins. These modes of protection are p ...
... A next level of defense is manifested by a variety of cells and serum molecules which may promote ingestion and killing of potentially infectious organisms, cells including macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells, and molecules including complement and defensins. These modes of protection are p ...
Therapeutic vaccines for cancer
... prove efficacy in clinical trials. Water-in-oil emulsion adjuvants were originally designed for slow release of antigen from a depot at the vaccination site. This strategy might work well with vaccines aimed to elicit potent antibody responses, but, as Hailemichael and colleagues16 demonstrated, thi ...
... prove efficacy in clinical trials. Water-in-oil emulsion adjuvants were originally designed for slow release of antigen from a depot at the vaccination site. This strategy might work well with vaccines aimed to elicit potent antibody responses, but, as Hailemichael and colleagues16 demonstrated, thi ...
The rhizosphere microbiome and plant health
... attributed to the total microbial activity. Organic amendments can stimulate the activity of microbial populations in a conducive soil, resulting in enhanced general disease suppressiveness [9]. ‘Specific suppression’ occurs when specific microorganisms cause soils to be suppressive to a disease [8, ...
... attributed to the total microbial activity. Organic amendments can stimulate the activity of microbial populations in a conducive soil, resulting in enhanced general disease suppressiveness [9]. ‘Specific suppression’ occurs when specific microorganisms cause soils to be suppressive to a disease [8, ...
PDF
... different strains (Mintz, 1971). The aggregated embryos are placed into the uterus of a pseudopregnant foster mother, where they develop normally to term. The tissues of the resulting mice are a mosaic of cells derived from the component Strains. Not all aggregations result in chimaeric offspring: i ...
... different strains (Mintz, 1971). The aggregated embryos are placed into the uterus of a pseudopregnant foster mother, where they develop normally to term. The tissues of the resulting mice are a mosaic of cells derived from the component Strains. Not all aggregations result in chimaeric offspring: i ...
Red blood cells
... 19-5 White Blood Cells • Eosinophils (Acidophils) • 2–4% of circulating WBCs • Attack large parasites • Excrete toxic compounds • Nitric oxide • Cytotoxic enzymes • Are sensitive to allergens • Control inflammation with enzymes that counteract inflammatory effects of neutrophils and mast cells © 20 ...
... 19-5 White Blood Cells • Eosinophils (Acidophils) • 2–4% of circulating WBCs • Attack large parasites • Excrete toxic compounds • Nitric oxide • Cytotoxic enzymes • Are sensitive to allergens • Control inflammation with enzymes that counteract inflammatory effects of neutrophils and mast cells © 20 ...
P R M
... receptors and effector molecules, which mediate detection and clearance of microbes such as bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Vertebrate animals have, in addition to innate immune responses, evolved an adaptive immune system characterized by antibodies and T-cell receptors. Insects in general and the ...
... receptors and effector molecules, which mediate detection and clearance of microbes such as bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Vertebrate animals have, in addition to innate immune responses, evolved an adaptive immune system characterized by antibodies and T-cell receptors. Insects in general and the ...
The roles of platelets in inflammation, immunity, wound healing and
... latest numerous scientific studies, including review articles, and original research articles. Platelets physiologically respond to inflammation by recruiting inflammatory cells to repair and resolve injuries. This response is facilitated by the ability of platelets to promote vascular permeability ...
... latest numerous scientific studies, including review articles, and original research articles. Platelets physiologically respond to inflammation by recruiting inflammatory cells to repair and resolve injuries. This response is facilitated by the ability of platelets to promote vascular permeability ...
VacA`s Induction of VacA-Containing Vacuoles (VCVs) and Their
... toxicity, namely variations in the signal sequence (s1a-c, s2), the intermediate region (i1, i2), and the mid-region (m1, m2) [8]. From early on, varying disease probabilities have been linked to the different s and m regions of VacA. Thus, most effective immune regulatory effects and an association ...
... toxicity, namely variations in the signal sequence (s1a-c, s2), the intermediate region (i1, i2), and the mid-region (m1, m2) [8]. From early on, varying disease probabilities have been linked to the different s and m regions of VacA. Thus, most effective immune regulatory effects and an association ...
Virulence and Pathogenicity of Fungal
... different nutrient compositions may exist and specialized features of fungal pathogens may be involved in the establishment, dissemination, and manifestation of an infection (Brock 2009). For example, ambient temperature is replaced by the high temperature of the human body. Fungal survival at the e ...
... different nutrient compositions may exist and specialized features of fungal pathogens may be involved in the establishment, dissemination, and manifestation of an infection (Brock 2009). For example, ambient temperature is replaced by the high temperature of the human body. Fungal survival at the e ...
Role of C-C chemokine receptor type 7 and its ligands during
... CCR7-deficient mice [64]. Unlike CCR7−/− mice, plt/plt mice were able to mount unimpaired antiviral CTL responses, probably due to the expression of another isoform of CCL21 (CCL21-leu) in lymph vessels and peripheral tissues [66]. However, during the acute phase of infection with the protozoan para ...
... CCR7-deficient mice [64]. Unlike CCR7−/− mice, plt/plt mice were able to mount unimpaired antiviral CTL responses, probably due to the expression of another isoform of CCL21 (CCL21-leu) in lymph vessels and peripheral tissues [66]. However, during the acute phase of infection with the protozoan para ...
Pericytes: brain-immune interface modulators
... presence of specialized carrier systems (Zlokovic, 2008; Abbott et al., 2010). Although endothelial cells provide the physical and chemical barrier function per se, all elements are crucial for the development and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier, allowing it to be the interface between periph ...
... presence of specialized carrier systems (Zlokovic, 2008; Abbott et al., 2010). Although endothelial cells provide the physical and chemical barrier function per se, all elements are crucial for the development and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier, allowing it to be the interface between periph ...
Virulence and Pathogenicity of Fungal Pathogens with
... different nutrient compositions may exist and specialized features of fungal pathogens may be involved in the establishment, dissemination, and manifestation of an infection (Brock 2009). For example, ambient temperature is replaced by the high temperature of the human body. Fungal survival at the e ...
... different nutrient compositions may exist and specialized features of fungal pathogens may be involved in the establishment, dissemination, and manifestation of an infection (Brock 2009). For example, ambient temperature is replaced by the high temperature of the human body. Fungal survival at the e ...
[NOTE: if using this form [bracketed] text is guidance
... ● Oct 1998– Sep 1999: Hitchcock Fellowship Research Grant, Dartmouth Medical School “FcαR signal transduction in membrane rafts” PI: Lang, ML. Direct costs $13,000 (total) Fundable or Scored but Not Awarded ● 2007: NIH, Investigator-Initiated RO3 “CD1d-restricted NKT cells and humoral immunity to ba ...
... ● Oct 1998– Sep 1999: Hitchcock Fellowship Research Grant, Dartmouth Medical School “FcαR signal transduction in membrane rafts” PI: Lang, ML. Direct costs $13,000 (total) Fundable or Scored but Not Awarded ● 2007: NIH, Investigator-Initiated RO3 “CD1d-restricted NKT cells and humoral immunity to ba ...
Neonatal Chlamydial Infection Induces Mixed T-Cell
... Chlamydial infection is clinically associated with the onset and exacerbation of asthma in adults and children. However, it is unknown how this Th1-inducing infection is linked with Th2-driven asthma. What This Study Adds to the Field ...
... Chlamydial infection is clinically associated with the onset and exacerbation of asthma in adults and children. However, it is unknown how this Th1-inducing infection is linked with Th2-driven asthma. What This Study Adds to the Field ...
Innate immune system
The innate immune system, also known as the nonspecific immune system, is an important subsystem of the overall immune system that comprises the cells and mechanisms that defend the host from infection by other organisms. The cells of the innate system recognize and respond to pathogens in a generic way, but, unlike the adaptive immune system (which is found only in vertebrates), it does not confer long-lasting or protective immunity to the host. Innate immune systems provide immediate defense against infection, and are found in all classes of plant and animal life. They include both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.The innate immune system is an evolutionarily older defense strategy, and is the dominant immune system found in plants, fungi, insects, and primitive multicellular organisms.The major functions of the vertebrate innate immune system include: Recruiting immune cells to sites of infection, through the production of chemical factors, including specialized chemical mediators, called cytokines Activation of the complement cascade to identify bacteria, activate cells, and promote clearance of antibody complexes or dead cells The identification and removal of foreign substances present in organs, tissues, the blood and lymph, by specialised white blood cells Activation of the adaptive immune system through a process known as antigen presentation Acting as a physical and chemical barrier to infectious agents.↑ ↑ ↑