Pathogenesis
... • (1) invade the host (2) cause disease (3) evade host defenses. The following are types of virulence factors: • Adherence Factors: Many pathogenic bacteria colonize mucosal sites by using pili (fimbriae) to adhere to cells. • Invasion Factors: Surface components that allow the bacterium to invade h ...
... • (1) invade the host (2) cause disease (3) evade host defenses. The following are types of virulence factors: • Adherence Factors: Many pathogenic bacteria colonize mucosal sites by using pili (fimbriae) to adhere to cells. • Invasion Factors: Surface components that allow the bacterium to invade h ...
Document
... The cell is the most basic unit of life, performing all of the functions necessary for life. In the eukaryotic vertebrate cell these functions are performed by various organelles within the cell. The cell membrane plays a role in the dynamic process of molecular movement in and out of the cell. At ...
... The cell is the most basic unit of life, performing all of the functions necessary for life. In the eukaryotic vertebrate cell these functions are performed by various organelles within the cell. The cell membrane plays a role in the dynamic process of molecular movement in and out of the cell. At ...
Nonspecific vs. Specific Defense Mechanisms
... •Hinder entry of most pathogens (disease causing organisms) •Prevent spread of disease •Strengthen immune response ...
... •Hinder entry of most pathogens (disease causing organisms) •Prevent spread of disease •Strengthen immune response ...
The Babraham Institute
... prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system can specifically recognise – and remember – each pathogen that our bodies encounter, building up an immunological memory over our lifetime A rapidly activated line of defence that is first to greet any pathogens that get past the physical barriers, ...
... prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system can specifically recognise – and remember – each pathogen that our bodies encounter, building up an immunological memory over our lifetime A rapidly activated line of defence that is first to greet any pathogens that get past the physical barriers, ...
Disorders in Immunity
... When there is a loss of self tolerance, can not distinguish themselves 1. T cells target host cells 2. Production of antibody ...
... When there is a loss of self tolerance, can not distinguish themselves 1. T cells target host cells 2. Production of antibody ...
At its Heart, Homeostasis Is About T Cells
... of rapamycin, a kinase enzyme involved in the pathway that activates activator protein-1 and causes cell division. The ultimate effect of all 3 drugs is to block T-cell activation, thus preventing the development of adaptive immunity and immunological memory. Treatment with this group of drugs has b ...
... of rapamycin, a kinase enzyme involved in the pathway that activates activator protein-1 and causes cell division. The ultimate effect of all 3 drugs is to block T-cell activation, thus preventing the development of adaptive immunity and immunological memory. Treatment with this group of drugs has b ...
Belikov
... After a single immunization vaccines elicit vital T-cell and ab responses and fully protect against lethal exposures to several deadly pathogens ...
... After a single immunization vaccines elicit vital T-cell and ab responses and fully protect against lethal exposures to several deadly pathogens ...
The brain and the immune system
... IL-1 IL-6 & TNF- α activates CRH and trigger activation of SNS and HPA ICV infusion of IL-1 and INF- α decrease peripheral and splenic NK cell activity and suppress mitogen response. Evidence to specific functional pathways in ANS controlled by distinct reflexes. ...
... IL-1 IL-6 & TNF- α activates CRH and trigger activation of SNS and HPA ICV infusion of IL-1 and INF- α decrease peripheral and splenic NK cell activity and suppress mitogen response. Evidence to specific functional pathways in ANS controlled by distinct reflexes. ...
Immune Defense notes part 2 fill-in
... ___________________ - infected area swells with lymph and blood bringing WBCs and macrophages to fight pathogens ...
... ___________________ - infected area swells with lymph and blood bringing WBCs and macrophages to fight pathogens ...
Introduction To Immunology - Dow University of Health Sciences
... -Low pH in stomach and vagina; fatty acids in skin -Surface phagocytes (eg. alveolar macrophages) -Defensins (cationic peptides) -Normal flora of throat, colon and vagina ...
... -Low pH in stomach and vagina; fatty acids in skin -Surface phagocytes (eg. alveolar macrophages) -Defensins (cationic peptides) -Normal flora of throat, colon and vagina ...
Guide 21
... can quickly reach the site of an invasion where they can react directly with antigens - molecules that the body recognizes as foreign substances. When activated, the complement proteins can trigger inflammation attract eater cells such as macrophages to the area ...
... can quickly reach the site of an invasion where they can react directly with antigens - molecules that the body recognizes as foreign substances. When activated, the complement proteins can trigger inflammation attract eater cells such as macrophages to the area ...
Cells of the Immune System and Innate Immunity Recommended
... Bacterial DNA contains specific unmethylated CpG repeats that are not found in vertebrate DNA Double stranded RNA produced during viral infections may induce the secretion of Type I inteferons which have anti-viral properties. ...
... Bacterial DNA contains specific unmethylated CpG repeats that are not found in vertebrate DNA Double stranded RNA produced during viral infections may induce the secretion of Type I inteferons which have anti-viral properties. ...
Lecture #19 Date
... • Natural killer (NK) cells destroy virus-infected body cells & abnormal cells ...
... • Natural killer (NK) cells destroy virus-infected body cells & abnormal cells ...
Slide 1
... Host – the organism that a parasite infects Enter the body through contaminated water or food, direct contact with the parasite, undercooked food, food that has not been properly cleaned and cuts in the skin ...
... Host – the organism that a parasite infects Enter the body through contaminated water or food, direct contact with the parasite, undercooked food, food that has not been properly cleaned and cuts in the skin ...
Autoimmune Disease - Harvard Life Science Outreach Program
... Macrophages phagocytize pathogens Upon phagocytosis macrophages present non self antigens on their membranes Helper T cells recognize non self antigens and recruit cytotoxic T cells Cytotoxic T cells destroy infected cells ...
... Macrophages phagocytize pathogens Upon phagocytosis macrophages present non self antigens on their membranes Helper T cells recognize non self antigens and recruit cytotoxic T cells Cytotoxic T cells destroy infected cells ...
Immunity and Autoimmune Disease
... Macrophages phagocytize pathogens Upon phagocytosis macrophages present non self antigens on their membranes Helper T cells recognize non self antigens and recruit cytotoxic T cells Cytotoxic T cells destroy infected cells ...
... Macrophages phagocytize pathogens Upon phagocytosis macrophages present non self antigens on their membranes Helper T cells recognize non self antigens and recruit cytotoxic T cells Cytotoxic T cells destroy infected cells ...
NK cells - University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
... Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway. TLRs recognize specific patterns of microbial components. MyD88 is an essential adaptor for all TLRs and is critical to the inflammatory response. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of signaling molecules such as IRF-3, PKR, MAP kinase, and NF-kB ...
... Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway. TLRs recognize specific patterns of microbial components. MyD88 is an essential adaptor for all TLRs and is critical to the inflammatory response. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of signaling molecules such as IRF-3, PKR, MAP kinase, and NF-kB ...
Name Student ID Oct 29,2015 Choose the BEST alternative. What
... e. Both a and c 4. What is one of the major roles of the complement cascade in the body's defense against infection? a. It interferes with intracellular viral replication b. It is responsible for antibody production by B cells c. It aids in MHC mediated antigen presentation d. It produces the Mem ...
... e. Both a and c 4. What is one of the major roles of the complement cascade in the body's defense against infection? a. It interferes with intracellular viral replication b. It is responsible for antibody production by B cells c. It aids in MHC mediated antigen presentation d. It produces the Mem ...
Overview
... The Lymphatic System (cont’d.) The lymph also contains phagocytes called macrophages that digest and process the invading pathogens and then help the lymphocytes identify them. The three types of lymphocytes are activated when the body recognizes a part of a pathogen known as an antigen. ...
... The Lymphatic System (cont’d.) The lymph also contains phagocytes called macrophages that digest and process the invading pathogens and then help the lymphocytes identify them. The three types of lymphocytes are activated when the body recognizes a part of a pathogen known as an antigen. ...
Ch. 43 The Immune System notes
... Dendritic cells: tissue in contact with environment (skin) Eosinophils: beneath mucosal surfaces; multicellular pathogens. ...
... Dendritic cells: tissue in contact with environment (skin) Eosinophils: beneath mucosal surfaces; multicellular pathogens. ...
Innate immune system
The innate immune system, also known as the nonspecific immune system, is an important subsystem of the overall immune system that comprises the cells and mechanisms that defend the host from infection by other organisms. The cells of the innate system recognize and respond to pathogens in a generic way, but, unlike the adaptive immune system (which is found only in vertebrates), it does not confer long-lasting or protective immunity to the host. Innate immune systems provide immediate defense against infection, and are found in all classes of plant and animal life. They include both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.The innate immune system is an evolutionarily older defense strategy, and is the dominant immune system found in plants, fungi, insects, and primitive multicellular organisms.The major functions of the vertebrate innate immune system include: Recruiting immune cells to sites of infection, through the production of chemical factors, including specialized chemical mediators, called cytokines Activation of the complement cascade to identify bacteria, activate cells, and promote clearance of antibody complexes or dead cells The identification and removal of foreign substances present in organs, tissues, the blood and lymph, by specialised white blood cells Activation of the adaptive immune system through a process known as antigen presentation Acting as a physical and chemical barrier to infectious agents.↑ ↑ ↑