1999 examination
... Free antigen is rapidly filtered out of the body by the kidneys. Antigen presenting cells rapidly bind all of the antigen in their MHC-encoded receptors Free antigen causes the activation of the complement system and the protease activity of one of the complement components degrades free antigen. Th ...
... Free antigen is rapidly filtered out of the body by the kidneys. Antigen presenting cells rapidly bind all of the antigen in their MHC-encoded receptors Free antigen causes the activation of the complement system and the protease activity of one of the complement components degrades free antigen. Th ...
Immunopathological reactions type III
... differentiation antigens of leukemic cells - present on normal cells of leukocytes linage CALLA -acute lymphoblastic leukemia (CD10 pre-B cells) ...
... differentiation antigens of leukemic cells - present on normal cells of leukocytes linage CALLA -acute lymphoblastic leukemia (CD10 pre-B cells) ...
DiGeorge`s syndrome
... are normal Both IgA and IgE levels are elevated. Boys with this syndrome develop severe eczema,bleeding tendency They respond poorly to polysaccharide antigens and are prone to pyogenic infection. ...
... are normal Both IgA and IgE levels are elevated. Boys with this syndrome develop severe eczema,bleeding tendency They respond poorly to polysaccharide antigens and are prone to pyogenic infection. ...
Human Defence System - Mr Murphy`s Science Blog
... There are many millions of different B-cells Each B-cell is adapted to recognise only one specific antigen, which is usually present on the surface of a macrophage Each B-cell produces only one type of antibody When a B-cell comes into contact with the antigen to which it divides to produce ...
... There are many millions of different B-cells Each B-cell is adapted to recognise only one specific antigen, which is usually present on the surface of a macrophage Each B-cell produces only one type of antibody When a B-cell comes into contact with the antigen to which it divides to produce ...
T cell
... 1. For cytotoxic CD8 T-cells, ligation of the TCR by MHC I/peptide + co-stimulation results in release of granzymes and perforin and/or FasL, leading to apoptosis of the target cells. 2. Viruses evade host defense, in part, by down-regulating MHC Class I. Uninfected dendritic cells circumvent this b ...
... 1. For cytotoxic CD8 T-cells, ligation of the TCR by MHC I/peptide + co-stimulation results in release of granzymes and perforin and/or FasL, leading to apoptosis of the target cells. 2. Viruses evade host defense, in part, by down-regulating MHC Class I. Uninfected dendritic cells circumvent this b ...
Sarah immunity ppt
... ◦ neutralization – block harmful effects of toxins released from bacteria or virus ◦ agglutination – antibodies can bind to more than one antigen at a time and they can clump foreign cells together; used in blood typing ◦ precipitation – antigen-antibody complexes are so large that they settle out o ...
... ◦ neutralization – block harmful effects of toxins released from bacteria or virus ◦ agglutination – antibodies can bind to more than one antigen at a time and they can clump foreign cells together; used in blood typing ◦ precipitation – antigen-antibody complexes are so large that they settle out o ...
Reasons why there is a high incidence of septic shock
... Therapy of type I Antihistamines have been the most useful drugs for symptoms of allergic rhinitis They bind to the histamine receptor and block the binding of histamine The H1 receptors are blocked by the classical antihistamines, whereas the H2 receptors are blocked by a newer class of antihi ...
... Therapy of type I Antihistamines have been the most useful drugs for symptoms of allergic rhinitis They bind to the histamine receptor and block the binding of histamine The H1 receptors are blocked by the classical antihistamines, whereas the H2 receptors are blocked by a newer class of antihi ...
Defense against infectious disease
... Define pathogen. Pathogen: an organism or virus that causes a disease. Explain why antibiotics are effective against bacteria but not against viruses. Antibiotics block specific metabolic pathways found in bacteria. Viruses reproduce using the host cell’s metabolic pathways, which are not affected b ...
... Define pathogen. Pathogen: an organism or virus that causes a disease. Explain why antibiotics are effective against bacteria but not against viruses. Antibiotics block specific metabolic pathways found in bacteria. Viruses reproduce using the host cell’s metabolic pathways, which are not affected b ...
Promising Future Treatments for Multiple Sclerosis
... A chimeric molecules is a molecule containing ...
... A chimeric molecules is a molecule containing ...
IMMUNOLOGY
... in most tissues & lining serous cavities & lung Other macrophages recirculate to 2ry lymphoid organs, spleen, & lymph nodes Total body pool of macrophages constitutes reticuloendothelial system (RES) Phagocytosis: adherence of MO on surface of phagocyte engulfment in vacuole (phagosome). Lys ...
... in most tissues & lining serous cavities & lung Other macrophages recirculate to 2ry lymphoid organs, spleen, & lymph nodes Total body pool of macrophages constitutes reticuloendothelial system (RES) Phagocytosis: adherence of MO on surface of phagocyte engulfment in vacuole (phagosome). Lys ...
lecture_33_Apr-02_Evasion of immunity
... 2) Coating with host proteins. Tegument of cestode & trematode worms, is able to adsorb host components, e.g. RBC Ags, thus giving the worm the immunological appearance of host tissue. Schistosomes take up host blood proteins, e.g. blood group antigens & MHC class I & II molecules, therefore, the wo ...
... 2) Coating with host proteins. Tegument of cestode & trematode worms, is able to adsorb host components, e.g. RBC Ags, thus giving the worm the immunological appearance of host tissue. Schistosomes take up host blood proteins, e.g. blood group antigens & MHC class I & II molecules, therefore, the wo ...
PPT - UCLA Health
... Key Points • Immune system divided between the innate and adaptive systems. • Review of innate and adaptive immunity ...
... Key Points • Immune system divided between the innate and adaptive systems. • Review of innate and adaptive immunity ...
Key Concepts in B cell Activation-I
... Lymphoid organs, whereby encounter Ag presented by APCs (e.g. DCs) and then become activated. 3. T-cell activation requires Two Signals: - Primary Signal-TCR/CD3 –Ag/MHC complex - Second Signal (Costimulatory)- Other T cell surface molecules (e.g. CD28) interact with ligands from APCs. ...
... Lymphoid organs, whereby encounter Ag presented by APCs (e.g. DCs) and then become activated. 3. T-cell activation requires Two Signals: - Primary Signal-TCR/CD3 –Ag/MHC complex - Second Signal (Costimulatory)- Other T cell surface molecules (e.g. CD28) interact with ligands from APCs. ...
Immune System - Madeira High School
... – TLR4 – recognizes lipopolysaccharide on surface of bacteria – TLR3 – recognizes double stranded RNA (characteristic of many viruses) • Located on the inner surface of vescicles formed by endocytosis ...
... – TLR4 – recognizes lipopolysaccharide on surface of bacteria – TLR3 – recognizes double stranded RNA (characteristic of many viruses) • Located on the inner surface of vescicles formed by endocytosis ...
• Successful parasites have evolved strategies for survival
... 2) Coating with host proteins. Tegument of cestode & trematode worms, is able to adsorb host components, e.g. RBC Ags, thus giving the worm the immunological appearance of host tissue. Schistosomes take up host blood proteins, e.g. blood group antigens & MHC class I & II molecules, therefore, the wo ...
... 2) Coating with host proteins. Tegument of cestode & trematode worms, is able to adsorb host components, e.g. RBC Ags, thus giving the worm the immunological appearance of host tissue. Schistosomes take up host blood proteins, e.g. blood group antigens & MHC class I & II molecules, therefore, the wo ...
Dictionary of Cancer Terms
... A cancer of the bone marrow cells that can progress quickly. acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)(a-KYOOT limf-o-BLAS-tik loo-KEY-mee-a) A rapidly progressing cancer in which a large number of abnormal white blood cells called lymphoblasts are present in the blood and in the bone marrow. Also called: ...
... A cancer of the bone marrow cells that can progress quickly. acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)(a-KYOOT limf-o-BLAS-tik loo-KEY-mee-a) A rapidly progressing cancer in which a large number of abnormal white blood cells called lymphoblasts are present in the blood and in the bone marrow. Also called: ...
2000 - Wsfcs
... For each component, describe the structure of the component, and explain how that structure is responsible for that function of the component. b. For the three components that you chose in part a., explain how the structure of the components contributes to the functioning of the organ system to whic ...
... For each component, describe the structure of the component, and explain how that structure is responsible for that function of the component. b. For the three components that you chose in part a., explain how the structure of the components contributes to the functioning of the organ system to whic ...
Immunity and Health - PubContent test page
... THE WHITE BLOOD CELLS OF NON-SPECIFIC IMMUNITY The non-specific immune system consists of several types of white blood cells that are made in the bone marrow and released into the bloodstream. NEUTROPHILS • Phagocytic cells that ingest small organisms, primarily bacteria • Destroy both the pathogen ...
... THE WHITE BLOOD CELLS OF NON-SPECIFIC IMMUNITY The non-specific immune system consists of several types of white blood cells that are made in the bone marrow and released into the bloodstream. NEUTROPHILS • Phagocytic cells that ingest small organisms, primarily bacteria • Destroy both the pathogen ...
Controlled T-Cell Development with Specialized Stromal Cells and
... body(ex. blood, skin, heart, etc.). Hematopoietic Stem Cells(HSCs) are specialized stem cells that can develop into any type of immune cell, such as B cells. B cells originate and mature in the bone marrow (BM) or the fetal liver (FL) in mammals. T cells (white blood cells) originate in the BM but m ...
... body(ex. blood, skin, heart, etc.). Hematopoietic Stem Cells(HSCs) are specialized stem cells that can develop into any type of immune cell, such as B cells. B cells originate and mature in the bone marrow (BM) or the fetal liver (FL) in mammals. T cells (white blood cells) originate in the BM but m ...
Nature of The Immune System Specific Immunity
... foreign material such as microorganisms) which is either fixed in the tissues or inside cells. T lymphocytes are important in the prevention of many viral infections. ...
... foreign material such as microorganisms) which is either fixed in the tissues or inside cells. T lymphocytes are important in the prevention of many viral infections. ...
Mechanisms of Disordered Immune Regulation
... Skin Respiratory and GI epithelial cells Mucous Cilia Innate non-specific Acquired-specific PMN B lymphocytes - antibodies Phagocytes T lymphocytes - cellular NK cells Soluble proteins CRP, MBP,LPS-BP Complement ...
... Skin Respiratory and GI epithelial cells Mucous Cilia Innate non-specific Acquired-specific PMN B lymphocytes - antibodies Phagocytes T lymphocytes - cellular NK cells Soluble proteins CRP, MBP,LPS-BP Complement ...
Host-Microbe Relationships and Disease
... – Bacteria increase their growth by • Releasing enzymes that break down host cell molecules, releasing nutrients or allowing spread. –Hemolysins release iron; siderophores collect. • Releasing toxins that kill cells or damage organ systems, eliminating host resistance. – Bacteria cause disease by • ...
... – Bacteria increase their growth by • Releasing enzymes that break down host cell molecules, releasing nutrients or allowing spread. –Hemolysins release iron; siderophores collect. • Releasing toxins that kill cells or damage organ systems, eliminating host resistance. – Bacteria cause disease by • ...
Innate immune system
The innate immune system, also known as the nonspecific immune system, is an important subsystem of the overall immune system that comprises the cells and mechanisms that defend the host from infection by other organisms. The cells of the innate system recognize and respond to pathogens in a generic way, but, unlike the adaptive immune system (which is found only in vertebrates), it does not confer long-lasting or protective immunity to the host. Innate immune systems provide immediate defense against infection, and are found in all classes of plant and animal life. They include both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.The innate immune system is an evolutionarily older defense strategy, and is the dominant immune system found in plants, fungi, insects, and primitive multicellular organisms.The major functions of the vertebrate innate immune system include: Recruiting immune cells to sites of infection, through the production of chemical factors, including specialized chemical mediators, called cytokines Activation of the complement cascade to identify bacteria, activate cells, and promote clearance of antibody complexes or dead cells The identification and removal of foreign substances present in organs, tissues, the blood and lymph, by specialised white blood cells Activation of the adaptive immune system through a process known as antigen presentation Acting as a physical and chemical barrier to infectious agents.↑ ↑ ↑