B.Sc. Microbiology Part-II-2013
... solenoid structure) Evidence for the role of DNA and RNA as the genetic material. Plasmids and Episome. Transposable elements of prokaryotes and Eukaryotes – Types and significance. UNIT II Molecular structure and types of DNA. Molecular structure and types of RNA – m- RNA, t RNA, r-RNA, Sn- RNA an ...
... solenoid structure) Evidence for the role of DNA and RNA as the genetic material. Plasmids and Episome. Transposable elements of prokaryotes and Eukaryotes – Types and significance. UNIT II Molecular structure and types of DNA. Molecular structure and types of RNA – m- RNA, t RNA, r-RNA, Sn- RNA an ...
Your Immune System -Why It Fails & How To Fix It
... The catch is that Mucosal tissue can only do its job in the presence of a nutrient called Vitamin A. When this is deficient the protective factor of Mucosal tissue deteriorates rapidly. Those who suffer from repeated infections of their Mucosal sites should take note. This Non-Specific defense syste ...
... The catch is that Mucosal tissue can only do its job in the presence of a nutrient called Vitamin A. When this is deficient the protective factor of Mucosal tissue deteriorates rapidly. Those who suffer from repeated infections of their Mucosal sites should take note. This Non-Specific defense syste ...
Humoral immune responses are maintained with age in a long
... determine how many cells are producing antibodies and how many antibodies are being produced by each cell. These characteristics are measured frequently in traditional immunology, but thus far have not been examined in any eco-immunology study and can provide a fuller picture of humoral immune funct ...
... determine how many cells are producing antibodies and how many antibodies are being produced by each cell. These characteristics are measured frequently in traditional immunology, but thus far have not been examined in any eco-immunology study and can provide a fuller picture of humoral immune funct ...
slides - Smith Lab
... -In plasma, circulating C3 spontaneously undergoes hydrolysis to form C3(H2O) which binds factor B -Factor B on C3(H2O) is cleaved by Factor D to form C3(H2O)Bb, a C3 convertase -C3b is deposited on the cell surface ...
... -In plasma, circulating C3 spontaneously undergoes hydrolysis to form C3(H2O) which binds factor B -Factor B on C3(H2O) is cleaved by Factor D to form C3(H2O)Bb, a C3 convertase -C3b is deposited on the cell surface ...
Functional expression of the alpha 2
... CD91 receptor in human and mouse monocytes and dendritic cells and its key role in the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and crosspresentation of antigenic peptides is well-established [6–12], whereas CD91 receptor has been shown to participate in the phagocytic capacity of mouse neoplastic mammary ep ...
... CD91 receptor in human and mouse monocytes and dendritic cells and its key role in the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and crosspresentation of antigenic peptides is well-established [6–12], whereas CD91 receptor has been shown to participate in the phagocytic capacity of mouse neoplastic mammary ep ...
Cutting Edge: Recognition of Gram
... Conservative estimates suggest that nearly 400,000 Americans develop bacteremia, and that 70,000 of these individuals will directly die of the sepsis syndrome (1, 2). The outermost leaflet of the outer membrane of the Gram-negative bacterial cell wall consists of LPS, a toxic moiety that appears to ...
... Conservative estimates suggest that nearly 400,000 Americans develop bacteremia, and that 70,000 of these individuals will directly die of the sepsis syndrome (1, 2). The outermost leaflet of the outer membrane of the Gram-negative bacterial cell wall consists of LPS, a toxic moiety that appears to ...
Specific Defenses (Immunity)
... ◦ T cells also secrete cytokines (lymphokines) that enhance cellular response to antigens. ◦ T cells may also secrete toxins that kill target cells, or produce growth-inhibiting factors or interferon to interfere with viruses and tumor cells. ◦ B cells attack pathogens by differentiating into plasma ...
... ◦ T cells also secrete cytokines (lymphokines) that enhance cellular response to antigens. ◦ T cells may also secrete toxins that kill target cells, or produce growth-inhibiting factors or interferon to interfere with viruses and tumor cells. ◦ B cells attack pathogens by differentiating into plasma ...
Enlightenments from Immunity on Organizational Theories Yihua
... The immune system is characterized by a collaboration of various organs, cells, molecules, body fluids with clear division. In addition, immunity is considered as a complex network system able to response to harmful “non-selves” automatically and capable of self-organize. The central immune organs i ...
... The immune system is characterized by a collaboration of various organs, cells, molecules, body fluids with clear division. In addition, immunity is considered as a complex network system able to response to harmful “non-selves” automatically and capable of self-organize. The central immune organs i ...
Development of Mouse Hybridomas by Fusion of Myeloma Cells
... and bone marrow and we found a higher yield of antigen specific antibody producing hybridoma lines when the lymph nodes were used. ...
... and bone marrow and we found a higher yield of antigen specific antibody producing hybridoma lines when the lymph nodes were used. ...
hemopoietic stem cells
... Each daughter produced can either remain a stem cell or go on to become terminally differentiated. Two ways in which stem cells produce daughters with different fate: i) based on environmental asymmetry - daughters of the stem cell are initially similar - are directed into different pathways accordi ...
... Each daughter produced can either remain a stem cell or go on to become terminally differentiated. Two ways in which stem cells produce daughters with different fate: i) based on environmental asymmetry - daughters of the stem cell are initially similar - are directed into different pathways accordi ...
Read the full report - Hirshberg Foundation for Pancreatic Cancer
... MDSCs had a worse overall survival compared to those with normal levels. A similar study by Khaled et al. found higher levels of MDSCs in both the circulation and tumors of patients with pancreatic cancer compared to non-cancer controls10. There are multiple possible factors which may contribute to ...
... MDSCs had a worse overall survival compared to those with normal levels. A similar study by Khaled et al. found higher levels of MDSCs in both the circulation and tumors of patients with pancreatic cancer compared to non-cancer controls10. There are multiple possible factors which may contribute to ...
The lymphoid organs
... The effector functions of these two types of CD4+ T cells are primarily due to the biological activity of the cytokines that they produce. Differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into either the Th1 or Th2 phenotype is directed by the cytokines present at the time of antigen-specific activation. ¾ ...
... The effector functions of these two types of CD4+ T cells are primarily due to the biological activity of the cytokines that they produce. Differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into either the Th1 or Th2 phenotype is directed by the cytokines present at the time of antigen-specific activation. ¾ ...
Protease Inhibitors
... • Two Phase III clinical trials were initiated: one in North America and Europe, the other in Thailand to determine the safety and efficacy against strains B, and B/E ...
... • Two Phase III clinical trials were initiated: one in North America and Europe, the other in Thailand to determine the safety and efficacy against strains B, and B/E ...
Leonie Hussaarts Department of Parasitology, Leiden
... increased IL-4 and decreased IFN-γ levels. We next investigated whether antigens from helminth parasites, the strongest natural inducers of Th2 responses, affect the mTOR pathway. To this end, we used Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen (SEA) and omega-1, which is a single molecule recently iden ...
... increased IL-4 and decreased IFN-γ levels. We next investigated whether antigens from helminth parasites, the strongest natural inducers of Th2 responses, affect the mTOR pathway. To this end, we used Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen (SEA) and omega-1, which is a single molecule recently iden ...
Biological Activity of Marine Polysaccharides and Animal Health
... TNF-a Induction of addressins and chemokines Lymphocytes, macrophages activation Direct antimicrobial activity ...
... TNF-a Induction of addressins and chemokines Lymphocytes, macrophages activation Direct antimicrobial activity ...
Hypersensitivity - TOP Recommended Websites
... several hours after exposure to Ag It is thought that basophils play a major role here. Cell-bound IgE on the surface of basophils of sensitive individuals binds a substance called histamine releasing factor (possibly produced by Ma and B-Ly) causing further histamine release. ...
... several hours after exposure to Ag It is thought that basophils play a major role here. Cell-bound IgE on the surface of basophils of sensitive individuals binds a substance called histamine releasing factor (possibly produced by Ma and B-Ly) causing further histamine release. ...
CREB/ATF-dependent T-cell Receptor
... Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are a subpopulation of CD4 + T-cells that limit immune responses. FoxP3 is a master control transcription factor for development and function of these cells. In the thymus, intermediate affinity interactions between the TCR and MHC induce FoxP3 expression and promote ...
... Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are a subpopulation of CD4 + T-cells that limit immune responses. FoxP3 is a master control transcription factor for development and function of these cells. In the thymus, intermediate affinity interactions between the TCR and MHC induce FoxP3 expression and promote ...
Blood Disorders Affecting Red Blood Cells Anemia
... body’s immune system, a network of tissues and cells that function to keep the body safe from invading microorganisms and eliminate existing infection. Disorders affecting these cells can often ...
... body’s immune system, a network of tissues and cells that function to keep the body safe from invading microorganisms and eliminate existing infection. Disorders affecting these cells can often ...
Ascariasis and Allergies,
... when needed (Parham 15). Macrophages, like phagocytes, have the ability to engulf and digest foreign cells, but they also have the ability to present partly digested nonself materials to T cells. On the other hand, lymphocytes include the B cells and the T cells. B cells are produced in the bone mar ...
... when needed (Parham 15). Macrophages, like phagocytes, have the ability to engulf and digest foreign cells, but they also have the ability to present partly digested nonself materials to T cells. On the other hand, lymphocytes include the B cells and the T cells. B cells are produced in the bone mar ...
Innate immune system
The innate immune system, also known as the nonspecific immune system, is an important subsystem of the overall immune system that comprises the cells and mechanisms that defend the host from infection by other organisms. The cells of the innate system recognize and respond to pathogens in a generic way, but, unlike the adaptive immune system (which is found only in vertebrates), it does not confer long-lasting or protective immunity to the host. Innate immune systems provide immediate defense against infection, and are found in all classes of plant and animal life. They include both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.The innate immune system is an evolutionarily older defense strategy, and is the dominant immune system found in plants, fungi, insects, and primitive multicellular organisms.The major functions of the vertebrate innate immune system include: Recruiting immune cells to sites of infection, through the production of chemical factors, including specialized chemical mediators, called cytokines Activation of the complement cascade to identify bacteria, activate cells, and promote clearance of antibody complexes or dead cells The identification and removal of foreign substances present in organs, tissues, the blood and lymph, by specialised white blood cells Activation of the adaptive immune system through a process known as antigen presentation Acting as a physical and chemical barrier to infectious agents.↑ ↑ ↑