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QUEST Study guide Organic molecules Proteins, carbohydrates
... Know what molecules use simple diffusion, what molecules use facilitated diffusion, and what molecules use Active transport across the membrane Be able to discuss how the cell membrane allows the cell to maintain HOMEOSTASIS (oh yeah, you should know what this term means!) Know the terms isotonic, h ...
... Know what molecules use simple diffusion, what molecules use facilitated diffusion, and what molecules use Active transport across the membrane Be able to discuss how the cell membrane allows the cell to maintain HOMEOSTASIS (oh yeah, you should know what this term means!) Know the terms isotonic, h ...
Cell Structure and Function
... nucleus. It is a membrane bound organelle and holds most of the cellular DNA. ...
... nucleus. It is a membrane bound organelle and holds most of the cellular DNA. ...
Special Components of Gram
... The outer membrane is chemically distinct from all other biological membranes. It is a bilayered structure ; it has special channels, consisting of protein molecules called porins, that permit the passive diffusion of low-molecular-weight hydrophilic compounds like sugars, amino acids, and certain i ...
... The outer membrane is chemically distinct from all other biological membranes. It is a bilayered structure ; it has special channels, consisting of protein molecules called porins, that permit the passive diffusion of low-molecular-weight hydrophilic compounds like sugars, amino acids, and certain i ...
Cell Transport
... • Cell membranes are mosaics that contain many different molecules like proteins, cholesterol, glycoproteins, etc. ...
... • Cell membranes are mosaics that contain many different molecules like proteins, cholesterol, glycoproteins, etc. ...
3.2-Cell Membrane
... a phosphate group and a lipid • The phosphate group is hydrophilic (or polar), meaning it mixes in water (water soluble) • The lipid tails are hydrophobic (or non-polar), they do not mix in water (not water soluble Water-loving ...
... a phosphate group and a lipid • The phosphate group is hydrophilic (or polar), meaning it mixes in water (water soluble) • The lipid tails are hydrophobic (or non-polar), they do not mix in water (not water soluble Water-loving ...
Chapter 8. Movement across the Membrane
... Beaker (compared to cell) hypertonic or hypotonic Which way does the water flow? in or out2005-2006 of cell AP Biology ...
... Beaker (compared to cell) hypertonic or hypotonic Which way does the water flow? in or out2005-2006 of cell AP Biology ...
Chapter 8
... Other types of active transport a) Cotransport- Protons pumped out of cell w/ help of ATP - H+ diffuse back in thru a cotransporter protein that allows sucrose to enter the cell. b) Exocytosis- Transport vesicle from Golgi fuses w/ cell membrane & contents of vesicle spill into ECF. c) Endocytosis- ...
... Other types of active transport a) Cotransport- Protons pumped out of cell w/ help of ATP - H+ diffuse back in thru a cotransporter protein that allows sucrose to enter the cell. b) Exocytosis- Transport vesicle from Golgi fuses w/ cell membrane & contents of vesicle spill into ECF. c) Endocytosis- ...
Methods of Cell Transport, Such As Diffusion, Osmosis, and Active
... • Tonicity: the movement of water into and out of cells in response to the water concentration on the outside of the cell. Water moves from where it is in high concentration to where it is in low concentration until an equilibrium of the water concentration is reached. ...
... • Tonicity: the movement of water into and out of cells in response to the water concentration on the outside of the cell. Water moves from where it is in high concentration to where it is in low concentration until an equilibrium of the water concentration is reached. ...
Lectures 6 & 7: Powerpoint
... isolate the cell’s contents from the external environment Regulate the exchange of substances between the inside and outside of the cell Communicate with other cells ...
... isolate the cell’s contents from the external environment Regulate the exchange of substances between the inside and outside of the cell Communicate with other cells ...
1. What does it mean to be a selective person? 2. Which organelle
... http://ourphysiologygroup.wikispaces.com/03+Cells+Interaction+with+Environment ...
... http://ourphysiologygroup.wikispaces.com/03+Cells+Interaction+with+Environment ...
5.1-5.9 Study Guide
... ○ Passive Transport - the diffusion of molecules across a cell’s membrane does not take energy, therefore it is spontaneous or “passive” ● 5.4 - Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a membrane ○ Osmosis - diffusion of water across a membrane ○ If the membrane is permeable to water but not to a ...
... ○ Passive Transport - the diffusion of molecules across a cell’s membrane does not take energy, therefore it is spontaneous or “passive” ● 5.4 - Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a membrane ○ Osmosis - diffusion of water across a membrane ○ If the membrane is permeable to water but not to a ...
Lecture 9 MEMBRANES
... Low-angle x-ray diffraction analysis of myelin membranes This technique measures the density of matter and can be used to determine the distribution of lipid and protein in biomembranes. (a) During development of the nervous system, a large Schwann cell envelops the axon of a neuron. The continuous ...
... Low-angle x-ray diffraction analysis of myelin membranes This technique measures the density of matter and can be used to determine the distribution of lipid and protein in biomembranes. (a) During development of the nervous system, a large Schwann cell envelops the axon of a neuron. The continuous ...
The yellow structure represents the hydrophillic or water loving
... Tail-Made of Lipid Will not bond with water ...
... Tail-Made of Lipid Will not bond with water ...
Cells and Membranes
... continuous membrane with no free edges.. Phospholipids usually from three different forms in solutions: Micelles – vesicle with a hydrophobic interior Liposomes – vesicle with aqueous interior Bilayer Sheets (although in aqueous solution there is no lipid bilayer since you would have free edges.) Al ...
... continuous membrane with no free edges.. Phospholipids usually from three different forms in solutions: Micelles – vesicle with a hydrophobic interior Liposomes – vesicle with aqueous interior Bilayer Sheets (although in aqueous solution there is no lipid bilayer since you would have free edges.) Al ...
Cells and Membranes
... continuous membrane with no free edges.. Phospholipids usually from three different forms in solutions: Micelles – vesicle with a hydrophobic interior Liposomes – vesicle with aqueous interior Bilayer Sheets (although in aqueous solution there is no lipid bilayer since you would have free edges.) Al ...
... continuous membrane with no free edges.. Phospholipids usually from three different forms in solutions: Micelles – vesicle with a hydrophobic interior Liposomes – vesicle with aqueous interior Bilayer Sheets (although in aqueous solution there is no lipid bilayer since you would have free edges.) Al ...
BIOLOGY 1: FIRST SEMESTER FINAL EXAM
... 37. What is the name of the double membrane surrounding the nucleus? 38. What organelle helps maintain homeostasis by moving substances from one part of the cell to another? ...
... 37. What is the name of the double membrane surrounding the nucleus? 38. What organelle helps maintain homeostasis by moving substances from one part of the cell to another? ...
Plasma membrane a
... structure ,says that the protein molecules form a shifting pattern within the fluid phospholipids bilayer.Cholesterol lends support to the membrane . Short chains of sugars are attached to the outer surface of some protein and lipid molecules ( called glycoprotein and glycolipid , respectively ).It ...
... structure ,says that the protein molecules form a shifting pattern within the fluid phospholipids bilayer.Cholesterol lends support to the membrane . Short chains of sugars are attached to the outer surface of some protein and lipid molecules ( called glycoprotein and glycolipid , respectively ).It ...
Cell Transport Mechanisms
... 11. Facilitated diffusion – a substance moving across the membrane is aided by another molecule. Ex. sodium ions help glucose pass through the membrane to get to mitochondria. ...
... 11. Facilitated diffusion – a substance moving across the membrane is aided by another molecule. Ex. sodium ions help glucose pass through the membrane to get to mitochondria. ...
transport proteins
... • Many polar molecules and ions that are normally impeded by the lipid bilayer of the membrane diffuse passively with the help of transport proteins that span the membrane. • The passive movement of molecules down its concentration gradient via a transport protein is ...
... • Many polar molecules and ions that are normally impeded by the lipid bilayer of the membrane diffuse passively with the help of transport proteins that span the membrane. • The passive movement of molecules down its concentration gradient via a transport protein is ...
Chapter 7: Membranes
... in an unsaturated fat, a carbon-carbon double bond produces a “bend” that causes the phospholipids to be spaced further away from its neighbors, thus retaining more freedom of motion the upshot is: at colder temperatures, unsaturated fats are preferred in cell membranes; at higher temperatures, ...
... in an unsaturated fat, a carbon-carbon double bond produces a “bend” that causes the phospholipids to be spaced further away from its neighbors, thus retaining more freedom of motion the upshot is: at colder temperatures, unsaturated fats are preferred in cell membranes; at higher temperatures, ...
Cell Membrane - Ms. Peterschick`s Classroom
... A few molecules, such as glucose, seem to pass through a cell membrane much more quickly than they should. How does this happen? ◦ Protein channels act as carriers, making it easy for certain molecules to pass. ◦ Red blood cells have membrane proteins with carrier channels that allow glucose to pass ...
... A few molecules, such as glucose, seem to pass through a cell membrane much more quickly than they should. How does this happen? ◦ Protein channels act as carriers, making it easy for certain molecules to pass. ◦ Red blood cells have membrane proteins with carrier channels that allow glucose to pass ...
Membranes
... • both proteins and lipids have considerable freedom of movement: mainly lateral Even with an electron microscope it is not possible to see he molecular structure of a cell membrane. Thus it is necessary to construct a model to explain its various properties. The matrix of the membrane is composed o ...
... • both proteins and lipids have considerable freedom of movement: mainly lateral Even with an electron microscope it is not possible to see he molecular structure of a cell membrane. Thus it is necessary to construct a model to explain its various properties. The matrix of the membrane is composed o ...
Movements Through Cell Membranes
... Active Transport Process that moves particles through membranes from low to high ...
... Active Transport Process that moves particles through membranes from low to high ...
Lipid bilayer
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lipid_bilayer_section.gif?width=300)
The lipid bilayer is a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules. These membranes are flat sheets that form a continuous barrier around all cells. The cell membranes of almost all living organisms and many viruses are made of a lipid bilayer, as are the membranes surrounding the cell nucleus and other sub-cellular structures. The lipid bilayer is the barrier that keeps ions, proteins and other molecules where they are needed and prevents them from diffusing into areas where they should not be. Lipid bilayers are ideally suited to this role because, even though they are only a few nanometers in width, they are impermeable to most water-soluble (hydrophilic) molecules. Bilayers are particularly impermeable to ions, which allows cells to regulate salt concentrations and pH by transporting ions across their membranes using proteins called ion pumps.Biological bilayers are usually composed of amphiphilic phospholipids that have a hydrophilic phosphate head and a hydrophobic tail consisting of two fatty acid chains. Phospholipids with certain head groups can alter the surface chemistry of a bilayer and can, for example, serve as signals as well as ""anchors"" for other molecules in the membranes of cells. Just like the heads, the tails of lipids can also affect membrane properties, for instance by determining the phase of the bilayer. The bilayer can adopt a solid gel phase state at lower temperatures but undergo phase transition to a fluid state at higher temperatures, and the chemical properties of the lipids' tails influence at which temperature this happens. The packing of lipids within the bilayer also affects its mechanical properties, including its resistance to stretching and bending. Many of these properties have been studied with the use of artificial ""model"" bilayers produced in a lab. Vesicles made by model bilayers have also been used clinically to deliver drugs.Biological membranes typically include several types of molecules other than phospholipids. A particularly important example in animal cells is cholesterol, which helps strengthen the bilayer and decrease its permeability. Cholesterol also helps regulate the activity of certain integral membrane proteins. Integral membrane proteins function when incorporated into a lipid bilayer, and they are held tightly to lipid bilayer with the help of an annular lipid shell. Because bilayers define the boundaries of the cell and its compartments, these membrane proteins are involved in many intra- and inter-cellular signaling processes. Certain kinds of membrane proteins are involved in the process of fusing two bilayers together. This fusion allows the joining of two distinct structures as in the fertilization of an egg by sperm or the entry of a virus into a cell. Because lipid bilayers are quite fragile and invisible in a traditional microscope, they are a challenge to study. Experiments on bilayers often require advanced techniques like electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.