Moving Cellular Material Chapter 2 Lesson 3
... from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration diffusion from Latin diffusionem, means “scatter, pour out” ...
... from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration diffusion from Latin diffusionem, means “scatter, pour out” ...
Membrane Structure and Function
... • The plasma membrane controls traffic into and out of the cell it surrounds • It is selectively permeable – allows some substances to cross it more easily than others • Phospholipids make up most plasma membranes ...
... • The plasma membrane controls traffic into and out of the cell it surrounds • It is selectively permeable – allows some substances to cross it more easily than others • Phospholipids make up most plasma membranes ...
processes of drug absorption
... Specific receptors for transport proteins must be present for this process to work. Endocytosis: Drugs which have very large molecules (macromolecules) can be engulfed by the cell membrane in a vesicle & carried into the cell & released within the cell by pinching off the vesicle & breakdown of ...
... Specific receptors for transport proteins must be present for this process to work. Endocytosis: Drugs which have very large molecules (macromolecules) can be engulfed by the cell membrane in a vesicle & carried into the cell & released within the cell by pinching off the vesicle & breakdown of ...
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
... Big Idea 2: Energy - Biological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce and to maintain dynamic homeostasis. Big Idea 4: Interactions - Biological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions possess complex properties. ...
... Big Idea 2: Energy - Biological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce and to maintain dynamic homeostasis. Big Idea 4: Interactions - Biological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions possess complex properties. ...
CELL MEMBRANES (Cassaret and Doull`s) Toxicants usually pass
... remarkably similar. The basic unit of the cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer composed primarily of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Phospholipids are amphiphilic, consisting of a hydrophilic polar head and a hydrophobic lipid tail. In membranes, polar head groups are oriented t ...
... remarkably similar. The basic unit of the cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer composed primarily of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Phospholipids are amphiphilic, consisting of a hydrophilic polar head and a hydrophobic lipid tail. In membranes, polar head groups are oriented t ...
Cell Membrane Diffusion
... The Special Case of Water Movement of water across the cell membrane ...
... The Special Case of Water Movement of water across the cell membrane ...
polar head
... • The membrane potential allows cells to function like tiny batteries with a positive and negative pole. • It is an important feature of a living cell’s normal function. ...
... • The membrane potential allows cells to function like tiny batteries with a positive and negative pole. • It is an important feature of a living cell’s normal function. ...
VOCAB Chapter 7
... Process that REQUIRES ENERGY to move molecules across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient (moves molecules from lower concentration → higher concentration) PASSIVE TRANSPORT: Process that moves molecules across a cell membrane WITHOUT USING ENERGY DIFFUSION: Process by which molecules t ...
... Process that REQUIRES ENERGY to move molecules across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient (moves molecules from lower concentration → higher concentration) PASSIVE TRANSPORT: Process that moves molecules across a cell membrane WITHOUT USING ENERGY DIFFUSION: Process by which molecules t ...
Homeostasis and Transport Notes
... • Cells ingest molecules using ATP after they bond to special receptor proteins on the cell’s surface. ...
... • Cells ingest molecules using ATP after they bond to special receptor proteins on the cell’s surface. ...
Bio_Membranes_1_ - Kenwood Academy High School
... • Diffusion of water from high concentration of water (low solutes) to low concentration of water (high solutes) – across a semi-permeable membrane ...
... • Diffusion of water from high concentration of water (low solutes) to low concentration of water (high solutes) – across a semi-permeable membrane ...
Necessities of Life Notes
... ________________________________________________________________________ Most molecules in living things are combinations of _______________,________________,_______________,_________________, and_______________ Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Lipids, and ATP are some of the molecules. Proteins are used in ...
... ________________________________________________________________________ Most molecules in living things are combinations of _______________,________________,_______________,_________________, and_______________ Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Lipids, and ATP are some of the molecules. Proteins are used in ...
the Lesson!
... insensitive) are used frequently in cellular applications – high absorbance and emission wavelength in the visible light range ...
... insensitive) are used frequently in cellular applications – high absorbance and emission wavelength in the visible light range ...
Membrane Structure and Function
... -phospholipids can drift laterally in the plane of the membrane (an average lipid molecule can diffuse the length of a large bacterial cells (~ 2 µm) in about 1 second) = lateral movement (frequently) -also, phospholipids can migrate from the monolayer on one side to that on the other = flip-flop (r ...
... -phospholipids can drift laterally in the plane of the membrane (an average lipid molecule can diffuse the length of a large bacterial cells (~ 2 µm) in about 1 second) = lateral movement (frequently) -also, phospholipids can migrate from the monolayer on one side to that on the other = flip-flop (r ...
Plasma Membrane
... with the plasma membrane. This is how many hormones are secreted and how nerve ...
... with the plasma membrane. This is how many hormones are secreted and how nerve ...
The bacterial cell wall!
... are responsible for one and only one vital job: MAKING PROTEINS!!! (Remember ribosomes have no membrane) • They consist of two subunits made of RNA and Proteins – Many antibiotics kill bacteria by interfering with ...
... are responsible for one and only one vital job: MAKING PROTEINS!!! (Remember ribosomes have no membrane) • They consist of two subunits made of RNA and Proteins – Many antibiotics kill bacteria by interfering with ...
Biology II – Chapter 4 Key Terms
... 23. phagocytosis – a type of endocytosis in which extensions of a plasma membrane engulf extracellular particles and transport them into the interior of the cell wall 24. phospholipid bilayer – a double layer of phospholipids that form the basis of all cellular membranes 25. pinocytosis – the nonsel ...
... 23. phagocytosis – a type of endocytosis in which extensions of a plasma membrane engulf extracellular particles and transport them into the interior of the cell wall 24. phospholipid bilayer – a double layer of phospholipids that form the basis of all cellular membranes 25. pinocytosis – the nonsel ...
Advanced Biology Specimen Paper 2 2011-13
... red blood cells discovered another protein present in considerable amounts. They were able to determine the full DNA sequence for this protein and, from this information, were able to predict the exact sequence of its 275 amino acids. Knowing the amino acid sequence meant that the team could make so ...
... red blood cells discovered another protein present in considerable amounts. They were able to determine the full DNA sequence for this protein and, from this information, were able to predict the exact sequence of its 275 amino acids. Knowing the amino acid sequence meant that the team could make so ...
Transport across the cell membrane
... Hypotonic: The solution has a HIGHER concentration of water than the concentration of water inside the cell therefore water will GO INTO the cell and the cell increases in size. Isotonic: The solution has an EQUAL concentration compared to the inside of the cell therefore no water would move in or ...
... Hypotonic: The solution has a HIGHER concentration of water than the concentration of water inside the cell therefore water will GO INTO the cell and the cell increases in size. Isotonic: The solution has an EQUAL concentration compared to the inside of the cell therefore no water would move in or ...
Cell Membrane - Cloudfront.net
... & OUTSIDE cell [where water is] 2) NONPOLAR tails face each other inside bilayer [to avoid water] ...
... & OUTSIDE cell [where water is] 2) NONPOLAR tails face each other inside bilayer [to avoid water] ...
Lipid bilayer
The lipid bilayer is a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules. These membranes are flat sheets that form a continuous barrier around all cells. The cell membranes of almost all living organisms and many viruses are made of a lipid bilayer, as are the membranes surrounding the cell nucleus and other sub-cellular structures. The lipid bilayer is the barrier that keeps ions, proteins and other molecules where they are needed and prevents them from diffusing into areas where they should not be. Lipid bilayers are ideally suited to this role because, even though they are only a few nanometers in width, they are impermeable to most water-soluble (hydrophilic) molecules. Bilayers are particularly impermeable to ions, which allows cells to regulate salt concentrations and pH by transporting ions across their membranes using proteins called ion pumps.Biological bilayers are usually composed of amphiphilic phospholipids that have a hydrophilic phosphate head and a hydrophobic tail consisting of two fatty acid chains. Phospholipids with certain head groups can alter the surface chemistry of a bilayer and can, for example, serve as signals as well as ""anchors"" for other molecules in the membranes of cells. Just like the heads, the tails of lipids can also affect membrane properties, for instance by determining the phase of the bilayer. The bilayer can adopt a solid gel phase state at lower temperatures but undergo phase transition to a fluid state at higher temperatures, and the chemical properties of the lipids' tails influence at which temperature this happens. The packing of lipids within the bilayer also affects its mechanical properties, including its resistance to stretching and bending. Many of these properties have been studied with the use of artificial ""model"" bilayers produced in a lab. Vesicles made by model bilayers have also been used clinically to deliver drugs.Biological membranes typically include several types of molecules other than phospholipids. A particularly important example in animal cells is cholesterol, which helps strengthen the bilayer and decrease its permeability. Cholesterol also helps regulate the activity of certain integral membrane proteins. Integral membrane proteins function when incorporated into a lipid bilayer, and they are held tightly to lipid bilayer with the help of an annular lipid shell. Because bilayers define the boundaries of the cell and its compartments, these membrane proteins are involved in many intra- and inter-cellular signaling processes. Certain kinds of membrane proteins are involved in the process of fusing two bilayers together. This fusion allows the joining of two distinct structures as in the fertilization of an egg by sperm or the entry of a virus into a cell. Because lipid bilayers are quite fragile and invisible in a traditional microscope, they are a challenge to study. Experiments on bilayers often require advanced techniques like electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.