download file
... Fig. 3. (A) Percent of the surface of A1 that responds to pure tones of any combination of tone frequency and intensity. The average of seven experimentally naı̈ve animals is shown. (B) Percent change in the percent of A1 responding after 1 week of pairing 9-kHz tone pip trains (15 Hz) with NB stimu ...
... Fig. 3. (A) Percent of the surface of A1 that responds to pure tones of any combination of tone frequency and intensity. The average of seven experimentally naı̈ve animals is shown. (B) Percent change in the percent of A1 responding after 1 week of pairing 9-kHz tone pip trains (15 Hz) with NB stimu ...
How is the stimulus represented in the nervous system?
... It is useful to be able to measure the information that neurons’ responses provide about the stimulus. Define information as the reduction in uncertainty about an event, where uncertainty is measured by entropy Which stimulus was presented? ...
... It is useful to be able to measure the information that neurons’ responses provide about the stimulus. Define information as the reduction in uncertainty about an event, where uncertainty is measured by entropy Which stimulus was presented? ...
Yukon Freshwater Fishes - Environment Yukon
... Small fish; adipose fin; large head; subterminal lower jaw (p.29) Cods, Gadidae (1 species) Large head with terminal mouth; barbel on chin; two dorsal fins; small scales (p.30) Sticklebacks, Gasterosteidae (2 species) Small fish; spines in front of dorsal fin; thin caudal peduncle; no adipose fin (p ...
... Small fish; adipose fin; large head; subterminal lower jaw (p.29) Cods, Gadidae (1 species) Large head with terminal mouth; barbel on chin; two dorsal fins; small scales (p.30) Sticklebacks, Gasterosteidae (2 species) Small fish; spines in front of dorsal fin; thin caudal peduncle; no adipose fin (p ...
Hypothesized neural dynamics of working memory
... an octave cannot create beats [98,114] nor any difference rhythms of quadratic or higher order [101] which are also within that same octave. A basic arithmetic principle is that for any two numbers in the interval between x and 2x, the difference of the two numbers cannot fall within the interval x ...
... an octave cannot create beats [98,114] nor any difference rhythms of quadratic or higher order [101] which are also within that same octave. A basic arithmetic principle is that for any two numbers in the interval between x and 2x, the difference of the two numbers cannot fall within the interval x ...
Neural correlates for perception of 3d surface orientation from texture
... disparity signals have been found in the parietal (11, 12) and temporal (13, 14) association cortices. However, binocular disparity is not the only cue for depth perception, because we can perceive depth even with one eye closed. Gibson (15) has proposed that texture gradient is an important cue for ...
... disparity signals have been found in the parietal (11, 12) and temporal (13, 14) association cortices. However, binocular disparity is not the only cue for depth perception, because we can perceive depth even with one eye closed. Gibson (15) has proposed that texture gradient is an important cue for ...
A Miniguide to the Dissection of the Starfish
... specimen was collected. The gonads are branched lobulaled sacs that open to the exterior by small genital pores located on the periphery of the aboral disk (Figure 1). Eggs and sperm are released into the sea where fertilization takes place. Because the starfish can regenerate individuals from fragm ...
... specimen was collected. The gonads are branched lobulaled sacs that open to the exterior by small genital pores located on the periphery of the aboral disk (Figure 1). Eggs and sperm are released into the sea where fertilization takes place. Because the starfish can regenerate individuals from fragm ...
Scale-Invariant Adaptation in Response to
... stimulus. (5) We believe that parallel coding is another mechanism which can resolve ambiguity—while one population of neurons may adapt to a stimulus, another may not, thus preserving the context of a stimulus. Our model organism is the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus. These fish emi ...
... stimulus. (5) We believe that parallel coding is another mechanism which can resolve ambiguity—while one population of neurons may adapt to a stimulus, another may not, thus preserving the context of a stimulus. Our model organism is the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus. These fish emi ...
PDF
... they have the advantage that we can derive analytic expressions for the wave velocity. This allows us to see what combination of parameters is actually being determined when the wave propagation velocity is measured. We calculate how the propagation velocity depends on the range of the synaptic conn ...
... they have the advantage that we can derive analytic expressions for the wave velocity. This allows us to see what combination of parameters is actually being determined when the wave propagation velocity is measured. We calculate how the propagation velocity depends on the range of the synaptic conn ...
7. MODELING THE SOMATOTOPIC MAP 7.1 The Somatotopic Map
... In this chapter we demonstrate the formation of a “somatotopic map” by means of a computer simulation of Kohonen’s algorithm (Ritter and Schulten 1986). The somatotopic map is the projection of the body surface onto a brain area that is responsible for our sense of touch and that is called the somat ...
... In this chapter we demonstrate the formation of a “somatotopic map” by means of a computer simulation of Kohonen’s algorithm (Ritter and Schulten 1986). The somatotopic map is the projection of the body surface onto a brain area that is responsible for our sense of touch and that is called the somat ...
File
... wave is reflected from the obstacle, and the other portion is transmitted through the obstacle. Hard obstacles like concrete reflect almost all the sound, while soft materials like cloth allow the sound to be transmitted. Other Sound Facts • Sound waves eventually stop because all the energy in the ...
... wave is reflected from the obstacle, and the other portion is transmitted through the obstacle. Hard obstacles like concrete reflect almost all the sound, while soft materials like cloth allow the sound to be transmitted. Other Sound Facts • Sound waves eventually stop because all the energy in the ...
WHAT IS A FISH? - Two Oceans Aquarium
... use their swim bladder, like a drum, to magnify noises while others, the grunters, make loud drumming noises which bounce back from rocks enabling them to find their way in murky conditions. There are small bones in the ear called otoliths. The otoliths rest on sensory pads and are used for balance, ...
... use their swim bladder, like a drum, to magnify noises while others, the grunters, make loud drumming noises which bounce back from rocks enabling them to find their way in murky conditions. There are small bones in the ear called otoliths. The otoliths rest on sensory pads and are used for balance, ...
Phylum Cnidaria
... • Cnidarians include the sea anemones, jellyfish, coral, and their relatives • Cnidarians have radial symmetry; in fact radial symmetry evolved in the Cnidarians! ...
... • Cnidarians include the sea anemones, jellyfish, coral, and their relatives • Cnidarians have radial symmetry; in fact radial symmetry evolved in the Cnidarians! ...
Visually Induced Ocular Torsion
... stimulus. The response amplitude was small, only compensating for a minor portion of the stimuli tilt. The response was well conjugate for the right and left eye. In the first study, a visual scene enriched with spatial clues important for maintaining posture was found to induce significantly more t ...
... stimulus. The response amplitude was small, only compensating for a minor portion of the stimuli tilt. The response was well conjugate for the right and left eye. In the first study, a visual scene enriched with spatial clues important for maintaining posture was found to induce significantly more t ...
Starfish Dissection Lab Companion
... Each sea star had hundreds of tiny feet on the bottom of each ray. These are tube feet, or podia. These tiny feet can be filled with sea water. The vascular system of the sea star is also filled with sea water. By moving water from the vascular system into the tiny feet, the sea star can make a foot ...
... Each sea star had hundreds of tiny feet on the bottom of each ray. These are tube feet, or podia. These tiny feet can be filled with sea water. The vascular system of the sea star is also filled with sea water. By moving water from the vascular system into the tiny feet, the sea star can make a foot ...
Layer III Neurons Control Synchronized Waves in the Immature
... Wu, 2003; Rubino et al., 2006; Luczak et al., 2007). Waves with different directions may carry different information content (Roland et al., 2006; Rubino et al., 2006; Takahashi et al., 2011a). Previous studies have focused mainly on the macroscopic behavior of waves, and little is known about how t ...
... Wu, 2003; Rubino et al., 2006; Luczak et al., 2007). Waves with different directions may carry different information content (Roland et al., 2006; Rubino et al., 2006; Takahashi et al., 2011a). Previous studies have focused mainly on the macroscopic behavior of waves, and little is known about how t ...
Phys Chapter 59 [4-20
... So a grand mall attack involves abnormal activation of the thalamus, cerebral cortex, and subthalamic brainstem parts of the brain activating system o Most people who have grand mal attacks have a hereditary predisposition to epilepsy In these people, things that can increase the excitability enou ...
... So a grand mall attack involves abnormal activation of the thalamus, cerebral cortex, and subthalamic brainstem parts of the brain activating system o Most people who have grand mal attacks have a hereditary predisposition to epilepsy In these people, things that can increase the excitability enou ...
Why Rods and Cocci
... different selective advantages. A rod shaped cell has a streamlined body which would be advantageous in swimming, just like the slender body of a fish, a boat or a plane. A spherical body will experience greater frictional resistance. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that among the flagellat ...
... different selective advantages. A rod shaped cell has a streamlined body which would be advantageous in swimming, just like the slender body of a fish, a boat or a plane. A spherical body will experience greater frictional resistance. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that among the flagellat ...
Ear25 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... to identify sounds of various musical instruments even though they are playing notes of same pitch. Waves like that shown in E, which have no regular pattern (aperiodic), are perceived as noise. LOUDNESS correlates with amplitude. PITCH correlates with frequency. pitch is also determined by other ...
... to identify sounds of various musical instruments even though they are playing notes of same pitch. Waves like that shown in E, which have no regular pattern (aperiodic), are perceived as noise. LOUDNESS correlates with amplitude. PITCH correlates with frequency. pitch is also determined by other ...
sensory1
... lips, palm, fingertip, calf). For touch discrimination, small receptive fields allow greater accuracy in “two point discrimination” test (upcoming lab!) ...
... lips, palm, fingertip, calf). For touch discrimination, small receptive fields allow greater accuracy in “two point discrimination” test (upcoming lab!) ...
echinoderm
... to digestive glands ______________________ Pyloric stomach Squeeze to move water up and down in tube feet _________________ ampullae ...
... to digestive glands ______________________ Pyloric stomach Squeeze to move water up and down in tube feet _________________ ampullae ...
Water Framework Directive Sampling
... Using a compass or GPS, record the aspect of the shore in degrees (º). With your back to the shoreline (i.e. facing the water), record the direction you are facing. Repeat this measurement at three points along the length of shore sampled. Distance from waterline to 65cm depth This will provide info ...
... Using a compass or GPS, record the aspect of the shore in degrees (º). With your back to the shoreline (i.e. facing the water), record the direction you are facing. Repeat this measurement at three points along the length of shore sampled. Distance from waterline to 65cm depth This will provide info ...
Phylum Cnidaria - Ms.Feld's Science
... jellyfish spawn daily given enough food. In most species, spawning is controlled by light, so the entire population spawns at about the same time of day, (either dusk or dawn). Jellyfish are usually either male or female In most cases, adults release sperm and eggs into the surrounding water, where ...
... jellyfish spawn daily given enough food. In most species, spawning is controlled by light, so the entire population spawns at about the same time of day, (either dusk or dawn). Jellyfish are usually either male or female In most cases, adults release sperm and eggs into the surrounding water, where ...
File
... 2. maintenance of internal pressure for hydrostatic skeleton 3. to move wastes out. 4. Gastrovascular Cavity - leading from the pharynx, this large cavity is divided into radial chambers, which communicate with each other, by pairs of septa. 5. Sea anemones are carnivorous, feeding on fish or anythi ...
... 2. maintenance of internal pressure for hydrostatic skeleton 3. to move wastes out. 4. Gastrovascular Cavity - leading from the pharynx, this large cavity is divided into radial chambers, which communicate with each other, by pairs of septa. 5. Sea anemones are carnivorous, feeding on fish or anythi ...
wisconsin interagency karst feature reporting form 2000-1
... This form is used to report the locations of “karst” features such as caves, sinkholes, enlarged fractures, disappearing streams or other surface drainage, and springs. Old/abandoned mine shafts are also included. ...
... This form is used to report the locations of “karst” features such as caves, sinkholes, enlarged fractures, disappearing streams or other surface drainage, and springs. Old/abandoned mine shafts are also included. ...
Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials
... present. Waves III and V should be detectable in all healthy individuals; wave I should also be observed but will only be present ipsilaterally. Wave II is often absent and wave IV is frequently buried and, therefore, indistinguishable from wave V. Wave III often has decreased amplitude on the side ...
... present. Waves III and V should be detectable in all healthy individuals; wave I should also be observed but will only be present ipsilaterally. Wave II is often absent and wave IV is frequently buried and, therefore, indistinguishable from wave V. Wave III often has decreased amplitude on the side ...
Surface wave detection by animals
Surface wave detection by animals is the process by which animals, such as surface-feeding fish are able to sense and localize prey and other objects on the surface of a body of water by analyzing features of the ripples generated by objects' movement at the surface. Features analyzed include waveform properties such as frequency, change in frequency, and amplitude, and the curvature of the wavefront. A number of different species are proficient in surface wave detection, including some aquatic insects and toads, though most research is done on the topminnow/surface killfish Aplocheilus lineatus. The fish and other animals with this ability spend large amounts of time near the water surface, some just to feed and others their entire lives.