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BHS 150.2 Biochemistry Date: 02/08/13, 1st hour Notetaker: Laurel
BHS 150.2 Biochemistry Date: 02/08/13, 1st hour Notetaker: Laurel

... Q2: Think about glycogen synthetase, glycogen phosphatase, pyruvate kinase, and the effects of high levels of insulin. Insulin activates a phosphatase, which removes a phosphate group. Activates things to store glucose. Pyruvate kinase is important to convert it to acetyl coA. *Remember that adding/ ...
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nutrition i - people.vcu.edu

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Endocrine System - Mercer Island School District

... How the system works with other systems The Endocrine System works with the digestive system through the production of the hormone insulin in the pancreas. When carbohydrates are digested, through the digestive system, they are transformed into sugars. The pancreas, through the endocrine system, pr ...
Age-Onset Diabetes Protocol
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... A majority of people suffering from age-onset diabetes (Type II Diabetes) are found to actually produce adequate levels of insulin. In other words, this disease is not caused by lack of or insufficient insulin. It has been found that in those people who have adequate insulin and yet have diabetes, t ...
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... The Insulin Porcine was lyophilized from a concentrated (1mg/ml) solution with no additives. It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Insulin Porcine in sterile 18MΩ- ...
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Insulin

Insulin (from the Latin, insula meaning island) is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells in the pancreas. It regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats by promoting the absorption of glucose from the blood to skeletal muscles and fat tissue and by causing fat to be stored rather than used for energy. Insulin also inhibits the production of glucose by the liver.Except in the presence of the metabolic disorder diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, insulin is provided within the body in a constant proportion to remove excess glucose from the blood, which otherwise would be toxic. When blood glucose levels fall below a certain level, the body begins to use stored glucose as an energy source through glycogenolysis, which breaks down the glycogen stored in the liver and muscles into glucose, which can then be utilized as an energy source. As a central metabolic control mechanism, its status is also used as a control signal to other body systems (such as amino acid uptake by body cells). In addition, it has several other anabolic effects throughout the body.When control of insulin levels fails, diabetes mellitus can result. As a consequence, insulin is used medically to treat some forms of diabetes mellitus. Patients with type 1 diabetes depend on external insulin (most commonly injected subcutaneously) for their survival because the hormone is no longer produced internally. Patients with type 2 diabetes are often insulin resistant and, because of such resistance, may suffer from a ""relative"" insulin deficiency. Some patients with type 2 diabetes may eventually require insulin if dietary modifications or other medications fail to control blood glucose levels adequately. Over 40% of those with Type 2 diabetes require insulin as part of their diabetes management plan.Insulin is a very old protein that may have originated more than a billion years ago. The molecular origins of insulin go at least as far back as the simplest unicellular eukaryotes. Apart from animals, insulin-like proteins are also known to exist in Fungi and Protista kingdoms. The human insulin protein is composed of 51 amino acids, and has a molecular mass of 5808 Da. It is a dimer of an A-chain and a B-chain, which are linked together by disulfide bonds. Insulin's structure varies slightly between species of animals. Insulin from animal sources differs somewhat in ""strength"" (in carbohydrate metabolism control effects) from that in humans because of those variations. Porcine insulin is especially close to the human version.The crystal structure of insulin in the solid state was determined by Dorothy Hodgkin; she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1964.
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